33:
487:
favour of explanations we find logical. This theory struggles to account for the prevalence of conspiracy theories; Mercier explains these as "reflective beliefs" that are insulated from our "intuitive beliefs", meaning that while we hold them we do not base our actions on them; an example of this is in the
491:
conspiracy where, despite many people falsely believing that a restaurant was harbouring child sex slaves, few took proportionate actions. As such, humans are not gullible per se, as we do not tend to trust everyone; indeed, a separate study found that more trusting participants were the best at
486:
Hugo
Mercier claims the opposite, that humans are intrinsically skeptical and difficult to persuade; we readily accept unsupported or false statements when they support our beliefs. One reason why we form these beliefs is that scientific theories are often counterintuitive, so we discard them in
417:
s version of the story, the
Trojans are initially wary, but vanity and wishful thinking eventually lead them to accept the gift, resulting in their slaughter. Greenspan argues that a related process of self-deception and
136:
states the difference is a matter of degree: the gullible are "the easiest to deceive", while the credulous are "a little too quick to believe something, but they usually aren't stupid enough to act on it."
2431:
2351:
310:, the title character is a gullible puppet who is repeatedly duped by other characters; part of his transformation into a human being is learning to avoid gullibility while still exercising
2456:
492:
discerning who to trust. As a result, he claims that humans "make more errors of omission (not trusting when we should) than of commission (trusting when we shouldn’t)". Research into how
454:
is a tradition in which people trick each other for amusement; it works in part because the deceiver has a social license to betray the trust they have built up over the rest of the year.
2292:
2287:
2282:
1975:
155:
in addition to a belief, and there is a cause-effect relationship between the two states: "gullible outcomes typically come about through the exploitation of a victim's credulity."
1748:
1224:
2617:
470:
writes that exploiters of the gullible "are people who understand the reluctance of others to appear untrusting and are willing to take advantage of that reluctance." In 1980,
2299:
2272:
1824:
2167:
1130:
1321:
Greenspan, Stephen; Loughlin, Gail; Black, Rhonda S. (2001), "Credulity and gullibility in people with developmental disorders: A framework for future research",
2480:
2436:
2242:
1917:
2463:
2505:
2446:
1819:
2260:
2152:
1792:
41:
1373:
500:
supports this, suggesting that we tend to consume fake news that supports our ideologies and, thus, it does little to influence election outcomes.
2473:
2304:
2267:
1865:
474:
wrote that the two are not equivalent: rather, gullibility is a foolish application of trust despite warning signs that another is untrustworthy.
2697:
2222:
1875:
831:
2156:
960:
534:
328:", the emperor and his staff display gullibility in being swindled, while the crowd displays credulity in believing in the invisible cloth.
234:
124:
state that while both words mean "unduly trusting or confiding", gullibility stresses being duped or made a fool of, suggesting a lack of
2702:
2426:
1829:
1636:
1247:
2332:
1897:
321:", the title character is deceived by a wolf; from this experience she learns to feign gullibility in order to deceive a second wolf.
2114:
1727:
1342:
990:
938:
2667:
2012:
923:
Merriam-Webster's
Dictionary of Synonyms: A Dictionary of Discriminated Synonyms with Antonyms and Analogous and Contrasted Words
2485:
1814:
1782:
342:
2495:
2468:
2405:
1924:
462:
Some writers on gullibility have focused on the relationship between the negative trait of gullibility and positive trait of
1169:
2602:
2346:
2227:
2033:
497:
2500:
2255:
2162:
1534:
1366:
1211:
American dictionary of the
English language: exhibiting the origin, orthography, pronunciation, and definitions of words
1062:
336:
325:
2612:
2607:
2057:
1839:
1544:
1449:
488:
306:
2622:
2052:
1495:
1408:
982:
926:
66:
2539:
2515:
1579:
539:
197:
2627:
2441:
2309:
1438:
97:
46:
238:, including those published in 1797 and 1804, do not contain "gullibility" or "gullible". An 1818 edition by
2553:
2510:
2392:
2382:
1870:
1734:
1673:
1475:
1359:
463:
260:
2250:
2212:
2177:
1902:
1643:
1559:
318:
282:
85:
2595:
2400:
2189:
1985:
1907:
1892:
1787:
1719:
1711:
1648:
1604:
1574:
1539:
1465:
1197:
1109:
1027:
509:
2314:
1882:
529:
2642:
2377:
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1995:
1912:
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1599:
1266:
451:
176:
62:
32:
2707:
2083:
2073:
1887:
1741:
1614:
1589:
1428:
1294:
1193:
A dictionary of the
English language: compiled for the use of common schools in the United States
1161:
1093:
952:
382:, a character who is destroyed by his gullibility in the face of love. The best-known example is
51:
406:—and Greenspan finds the example most concerned with the gullibility of the deceived to be the
2520:
2202:
1844:
1683:
1663:
1631:
1512:
1490:
1445:
1413:
1338:
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1153:
986:
956:
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753:
737:
721:
713:
443:
893:
1802:
1777:
1626:
1594:
1519:
1330:
1278:
1239:
1145:
1118:
1085:
351:
867:
2410:
2197:
1961:
1797:
1609:
1073:
1054:
1047:
930:
427:
387:
239:
894:"The effect of fake news on populist voting: Evidence from a natural experiment in Italy"
2490:
2372:
2000:
1653:
1433:
1423:
1386:
1382:
1017:
999:
971:
524:
483:
396:
379:
229:
214:
180:
152:
1334:
1267:"Exploitation in Older Adults: Personal Competence Correlates of Social Vulnerability"
1040:
The
American language: an inquiry into the development of English in the United States
2691:
2632:
2590:
1980:
1584:
1524:
1215:
1104:
1066:
1043:
1035:
978:
471:
81:
1351:
1298:
2232:
2126:
2018:
1678:
1205:
1187:
1165:
407:
251:
125:
37:
1282:
1209:
1191:
1021:
1003:
450:
involves a gullible eagerness to believe (and retell) the worst of other people.
2525:
2005:
1990:
1834:
1549:
1500:
1470:
514:
435:
423:
128:, whereas credulity stresses uncritically forming beliefs, suggesting a lack of
2652:
2138:
2102:
2078:
1809:
1668:
1658:
1621:
1554:
1529:
482:
The relationship between gullibility and trust has led to alternate theories.
439:
431:
419:
402:
331:
302:
129:
17:
1149:
1122:
2647:
2637:
2356:
2047:
1569:
1485:
1460:
1455:
1243:
1009:
493:
188:
70:
1290:
1157:
2672:
2662:
2558:
2387:
1107:(January 1980), "Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and gullibility",
144:
89:
2217:
2088:
1507:
1480:
1418:
1097:
519:
363:
357:
311:
117:
93:
1131:"Social vulnerability and bullying in children with Asperger syndrome"
921:
Goepp, Philip H.; Kay, Mairé Weir (June 1984), Gove, Philip B. (ed.),
892:
Cantarella, Michele; Fraccaroli, Nicolò; Volpe, Roberto (2019-07-11).
297:
presents dozens of examples of gullibility in literature and history:
2657:
1057:(1995), "Gulliver among the horses", in Rawson, Claude Julien (ed.),
412:
375:
74:
1089:
695:
689:
187:
is a relatively recent addition to the lexicon. It was considered a
2451:
1129:
Sofronoff, Kate; Dark, Elizabeth; Stone, Valerie (23 March 2011),
447:
371:
31:
2352:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
1223:
Yamagishi, Toshio; Kikuchi, Masako; Kosugi, Motoko (April 1999),
242:
denounces "gullibility" as "a low expression, sometimes used for
1564:
568:
566:
191:
as recently as the early 19th century. The first attestation of
143:
characterize a gullible person as one who is both credulous and
2579:
1945:
1766:
1700:
1397:
1355:
430:. In science and academia, gullibility has been exposed in the
69:
into an ill-advised course of action. It is closely related to
646:
644:
383:
374:, the tale that most concerns the behavior of the deceived is
466:. They are related, as gullibility requires an act of trust.
349:
Shakespeare explores gullibility in the title characters of
949:
Annals of gullibility: why we get duped and how to avoid it
1023:
Johnson's
Dictionary of the English language, in miniature
446:
involve gullibility driven by greed, while the spread of
172:
832:"Why the human race may be less gullible than you think"
631:
629:
77:
unlikely propositions that are unsupported by evidence.
1323:
International Review of
Research in Mental Retardation
854:
620:
151:
stresses the distinction that gullibility involves an
140:
1749:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
394:
Deception is a classic theme in war and politics—see
2618:
Countering
Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
2546:
2534:
2419:
2365:
2339:
2327:
2241:
2188:
2176:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2066:
2040:
2028:
1968:
1956:
1858:
1721:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
970:
572:
2273:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1825:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2168:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
1026:(1st American, from the 14th English ed.),
584:
258:, but it does appear in the 1830 edition of his
1265:Pinsker, Donna M.; McFarland, Ken (June 2010),
1059:Jonathan Swift: A collection of critical essays
717:
690:Oxford English Dictionary online: gullibility,
650:
2481:Election denial movement in the United States
1367:
1225:"Trust, gullibility, and social intelligence"
749:
8:
696:Oxford English Dictionary online: gullible,
685:
683:
261:American dictionary of the English language
2576:
2185:
2153:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
1953:
1942:
1855:
1763:
1697:
1394:
1374:
1360:
1352:
370:Of the examples of deception found in the
42:The Sycophantic Fox and the Gullible Raven
813:
801:
789:
777:
765:
674:
673:before the 19th century..."; cited after
635:
557:
467:
434:and in the acceptance of early claims of
294:
148:
2506:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
973:Pocket Oxford Dictionary & Thesaurus
596:
121:
2305:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
733:
709:
662:
550:
65:in which a person is easily tricked or
2432:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
2223:Soviet influence on the peace movement
1820:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
817:
608:
141:Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi (1999)
133:
2157:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
1271:Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
1076:(1988), "Gulliver among the Horses",
496:influenced voting preferences in the
7:
1005:A Dictionary of the English Language
855:Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi 1999
621:Yamagishi, Kikuchi & Kosugi 1999
256:A dictionary of the English language
235:A Dictionary of the English Language
2427:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
1637:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
221:, which is itself an alteration of
1898:Misinformation related to abortion
1232:Asian Journal of Social Psychology
535:There's a sucker born every minute
422:factored into the planning of the
25:
2115:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
1728:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
2668:United States Information Agency
1947:Operations and events by country
573:Sofronoff, Dark & Stone 2011
2268:Information war against Ukraine
1815:International Jewish conspiracy
1783:Congo Free State propaganda war
1078:The Yearbook of English Studies
969:Jewell, Elizabeth, ed. (2006),
868:"Who are you calling gullible?"
343:The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today
2496:Information Operations Roadmap
2406:Psychological Warfare Division
1976:Chinese information operations
1925:Water fluoridation controversy
1038:; McDavid, Raven Ioor (1963),
27:Failure of social intelligence
1:
2698:Barriers to critical thinking
2603:Active Measures Working Group
2261:during the Russo-Georgian War
2228:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
1335:10.1016/s0074-7750(01)80007-0
498:2018 Italian General Election
80:Classes of people especially
2486:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
2163:Fake news in the Philippines
1535:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
1283:10.1080/13825585.2010.501403
1012:: Brown, Ross, and Symington
585:Pinsker & McFarland 2010
337:The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
334:depicts mass gullibility in
2613:Counter Misinformation Team
2608:Counter disinformation unit
2058:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
1545:Forgery as covert operation
1200:: George Goodwin & Sons
1020:; Hamilton, Joseph (1804),
947:Greenspan, Stephen (2009),
718:Johnson & Hamilton 1804
307:The Adventures of Pinocchio
88:due to gullibility include
73:, which is the tendency to
2724:
2703:Psychological manipulation
2623:The Disinformation Project
2053:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
1409:Algorithmic radicalization
983:Oxford University Press US
651:Mencken & McDavid 1963
438:by the media. In society,
2586:
2575:
2540:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
2516:Tobacco industry playbook
2447:CIA Kennedy assassination
1952:
1941:
1773:
1762:
1707:
1696:
1580:Manipulation (psychology)
1404:
1393:
977:(2nd American ed.),
750:Webster & Walker 1830
671:Oxford English Dictionary
540:Manipulation (psychology)
326:The Emperor's New Clothes
198:Oxford English Dictionary
2628:East StratCom Task Force
2442:9/11 conspiracy theories
1439:List of cognitive biases
1150:10.1177/1362361310365070
1123:10.1037/0003-066X.35.1.1
264:, where it is defined: "
98:developmentally disabled
47:Fables for the Frivolous
2554:Public opinion brigades
2511:Niger uranium forgeries
2501:Litter boxes in schools
1871:COVID-19 misinformation
1793:Free energy suppression
1702:Books and documentaries
1476:Euphemistic misspeaking
1244:10.1111/1467-839X.00030
1208:; Walker, John (1830),
816:, p. 3, who cites
2300:2016 Brexit referendum
1649:Scientific fabrication
1560:Historical negationism
1074:Nuttall, Anthony David
1055:Nuttall, Anthony David
386:'s gullibility in the
319:Little Red Riding Hood
317:In the first part of "
283:New English Dictionary
122:Goepp & Kay (1984)
55:
2596:Fact-checking website
2401:Operation Mass Appeal
2383:Clockwork Orange plot
1893:Mental illness denial
1788:Climate change denial
1605:Psychological warfare
1575:Internet manipulation
1540:Firehose of falsehood
1466:Disinformation attack
1198:Hartford, Connecticut
1110:American Psychologist
510:Drinking the Kool-Aid
201:appears in 1793, and
159:Etymology and history
116:are commonly used as
35:
1735:Who's Who in the CIA
1063:Englewood Cliffs, NJ
1036:Mencken, Henry Louis
1030:: W. P. and L. Blake
669:is not known to the
597:Goepp & Kay 1984
530:Swampland in Florida
2437:Conspiracy theories
2378:Double-Cross System
2347:Conspiracy theories
2208:Operation INFEKTION
1996:Internet Water Army
1850:Strategy of tension
1715:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
1600:Post-truth politics
857:, pp. 145–161.
804:, pp. 133–144.
478:Against gullibility
280:appear in the 1900
250:does not appear in
63:social intelligence
2333:HIV/AIDS denialism
2310:Trolls from Olgino
2084:Paid news in India
2074:Fake news in India
1888:HIV/AIDS denialism
1742:Merchants of Doubt
1615:Military deception
1590:Media manipulation
1429:Circular reporting
1069:, pp. 264–279
953:Praeger Publishers
792:, pp. 93–101.
444:investment bubbles
228:Early editions of
56:
52:Guy Wetmore Carryl
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2521:Operation Shocker
2323:
2322:
2203:K-1000 battleship
2034:Operation Neptune
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1758:
1757:
1692:
1691:
1684:Yellow journalism
1632:counterpropaganda
1513:List of fallacies
1446:Conspiracy theory
1414:Alternative facts
1105:Rotter, Julian B.
1071:. Reprinted from
1008:(11th ed.),
962:978-0-313-36216-3
780:, pp. 51–59.
768:, pp. 13–32.
361:, and especially
16:(Redirected from
2715:
2577:
2396:MMR autism fraud
2279:On US elections
2213:Operation Toucan
2186:
1954:
1943:
1908:anti-vaccination
1856:
1803:Holocaust denial
1778:Bermuda Triangle
1764:
1698:
1627:black propaganda
1595:Potemkin village
1520:False accusation
1496:list of websites
1395:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1353:
1347:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1246:, archived from
1229:
1219:
1214:(3rd ed.),
1201:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1174:
1168:, archived from
1135:
1125:
1100:
1070:
1050:
1031:
1013:
995:
976:
965:
943:
908:
907:
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612:
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588:
582:
576:
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561:
555:
468:Greenspan (2009)
452:April Fools' Day
352:Romeo and Juliet
295:Greenspan (2009)
149:Greenspan (2009)
61:is a failure of
36:Illustration by
21:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2677:
2582:
2563:
2542:
2530:
2415:
2411:Zinoviev letter
2361:
2335:
2319:
2243:Post-Soviet era
2237:
2198:Active Measures
2181:
2172:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2062:
2036:
2024:
1964:
1962:Jihadunspun.com
1948:
1929:
1854:
1830:New World Order
1798:Genocide denial
1769:
1754:
1703:
1688:
1610:Memetic warfare
1400:
1389:
1380:
1350:
1345:
1320:
1316:
1314:Further reading
1311:
1303:
1301:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1253:on 21 July 2011
1250:
1227:
1222:
1204:
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1178:
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1133:
1128:
1103:
1090:10.2307/3508189
1072:
1053:
1042:, vol. 1,
1034:
1018:Johnson, Samuel
1016:
1000:Johnson, Samuel
998:
993:
968:
963:
946:
941:
931:Merriam-Webster
927:Springfield, MA
920:
916:
911:
902:
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886:
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760:
748:
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732:
728:
708:
704:
688:
681:
675:Greenspan (2009
665:, p. 265 "
661:
657:
649:
642:
634:
627:
619:
615:
607:
603:
595:
591:
583:
579:
571:
564:
560:, pp. 2–3.
556:
552:
548:
506:
480:
460:
428:Second Iraq War
388:Book of Genesis
346:, among others.
292:
240:Henry John Todd
175:) date back to
161:
106:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2498:
2493:
2491:Habbush letter
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2373:Bell Pottinger
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2366:United Kingdom
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2029:Czechoslovakia
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2001:PLA Unit 61398
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
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1876:by governments
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1713:Disinformation
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1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1434:Cognitive bias
1431:
1426:
1424:Cherry picking
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1387:misinformation
1383:Disinformation
1381:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1277:(6): 673–708,
1262:
1238:(1): 145–161,
1220:
1202:
1184:
1175:on 7 July 2011
1144:(3): 355–372,
1126:
1101:
1051:
1032:
1014:
996:
991:
966:
961:
944:
939:
917:
915:
912:
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909:
884:
859:
847:
830:Fleming, Nic.
822:
814:Greenspan 2009
806:
802:Greenspan 2009
794:
790:Greenspan 2009
782:
778:Greenspan 2009
770:
766:Greenspan 2009
758:
742:
726:
702:
679:
677:, p. 23).
655:
640:
636:Greenspan 2009
625:
623:, p. 145.
613:
611:, p. 360.
601:
599:, p. 198.
589:
577:
562:
558:Greenspan 2009
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
525:Suggestibility
522:
517:
512:
505:
502:
484:Neuroscientist
479:
476:
459:
456:
397:The Art of War
392:
391:
380:Book of Judges
368:
347:
329:
322:
315:
291:
288:
230:Samuel Johnson
215:back-formation
160:
157:
105:
102:
40:for the poem "
26:
24:
18:Sucker (slang)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2720:
2709:
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2634:
2633:FactCheck.org
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2616:
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2591:Fact-checking
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2420:United States
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2020:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
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1984:
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1981:50 Cent Party
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1585:Media culture
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1525:False dilemma
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1218:: S. Converse
1217:
1213:
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1206:Webster, Noah
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836:New Scientist
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664:
659:
656:
653:, p. 24.
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472:Julian Rotter
469:
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205:in 1825. The
204:
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195:known to the
194:
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186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:and the noun
166:
158:
156:
154:
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142:
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135:
134:Jewell (2006)
131:
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60:
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48:
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2328:South Africa
2315:Web brigades
2251:Cyberwarfare
2233:Useful idiot
2182:Soviet Union
2127:Fintas Group
2019:Global Times
2017:
1986:cyberwarfare
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1679:Whataboutism
1674:Urban legend
1644:Quote mining
1326:
1322:
1302:, retrieved
1274:
1270:
1255:, retrieved
1248:the original
1235:
1231:
1210:
1192:
1177:, retrieved
1170:the original
1141:
1137:
1114:
1108:
1081:
1077:
1058:
1039:
1022:
1004:
972:
948:
922:
901:. Retrieved
897:
887:
876:. Retrieved
874:. 2020-03-24
871:
862:
850:
839:. Retrieved
835:
825:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
745:
734:Webster 1817
729:
710:Johnson 1797
705:
697:
691:
670:
666:
663:Nuttall 1995
658:
638:, p. 3.
616:
604:
592:
580:
553:
481:
461:
411:
408:Trojan Horse
401:
395:
393:
362:
356:
350:
341:
335:
305:
293:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:Credulity. (
265:
259:
255:
252:Noah Webster
247:
243:
233:
227:
222:
218:
210:
206:
202:
196:
192:
184:
168:
164:
162:
139:
126:intelligence
113:
109:
107:
86:exploitation
79:
58:
57:
45:
38:Peter Newell
29:
2526:Yellow rain
2146:Philippines
2006:Spamouflage
1991:Little Pink
1845:Rothschilds
1835:Red mercury
1550:Gaslighting
1501:Lying press
1471:Doublespeak
1329:: 101–135,
818:Rotter 1980
609:Jewell 2006
515:Gaslighting
436:cold fusion
424:Vietnam War
274:gullibility
248:Gullibility
244:cullibility
223:cullibility
219:gullibility
193:gullibility
185:gullibility
177:Shakespeare
169:cullibility
67:manipulated
59:Gullibility
2692:Categories
2653:PolitiFact
2581:Opposition
2457:Sandy Hook
2256:on Estonia
2190:Soviet era
2103:Team Jorge
2079:Godi-media
1840:Reptilians
1810:Illuminati
1669:Truthiness
1659:Social bot
1622:Propaganda
1555:Half-truth
1530:False flag
1117:(1): 1–7,
1028:Boston, MA
914:References
903:2020-03-27
878:2020-03-27
841:2020-03-27
752:, p.
736:, p.
720:, p.
712:, p.
442:and other
440:tulipmania
432:Sokal Hoax
420:groupthink
403:The Prince
332:Mark Twain
303:fairy tale
270:A low word
183:, whereas
130:skepticism
108:The words
96:, and the
82:vulnerable
2708:Deception
2648:NewsGuard
2643:Logically
2638:Full Fact
2535:Venezuela
2469:Fake news
2357:AK Trolls
2048:Funkspiel
1570:Infodemic
1486:Fake news
1461:Denialism
1456:Deception
1084:: 51–67,
1010:Edinburgh
898:VoxEU.org
494:fake news
489:Pizzagate
410:. In the
272:)". Both
189:neologism
163:The verb
114:credulous
71:credulity
2673:USAFacts
2663:StopFake
2559:Force 47
2464:COVID-19
2388:Euromyth
2139:Peñabots
2013:COVID-19
1918:COVID-19
1903:Vaccines
1768:Examples
1654:Smearing
1299:25445154
1291:20799105
1216:New York
1190:(1817),
1158:21430018
1044:New York
1002:(1797),
979:New York
667:Gullible
504:See also
458:Theories
426:and the
290:Examples
278:gullible
254:'s 1817
211:gullible
203:gullible
171:(with a
118:synonyms
110:gullible
90:children
2547:Vietnam
2218:Seat 12
2089:OpIndia
2041:Germany
1508:Fallacy
1481:Factoid
1419:Big lie
1304:8 April
1257:3 April
1179:2 April
1166:2051032
1098:3508189
520:Sheeple
378:in the
364:Othello
358:Macbeth
312:empathy
301:In the
165:to gull
104:Meaning
94:elderly
75:believe
2658:Snopes
2474:online
2394:Lancet
2340:Turkey
2178:Russia
2134:Mexico
2122:Kuwait
2098:Israel
1957:Canada
1913:autism
1859:Health
1491:online
1341:
1297:
1289:
1164:
1156:
1138:Autism
1096:
989:
959:
937:
872:UnHerd
448:rumors
413:Aeneid
376:Samson
209:gives
153:action
92:, the
2452:QAnon
2110:Korea
2067:India
1969:China
1883:Ebola
1399:Types
1295:S2CID
1251:(PDF)
1228:(PDF)
1173:(PDF)
1162:S2CID
1134:(PDF)
1094:JSTOR
1048:Knopf
546:Notes
464:trust
372:Bible
217:from
213:as a
181:Swift
145:naïve
50:) by
2293:2020
2288:2018
2283:2016
1664:Spin
1565:Hoax
1450:list
1385:and
1339:ISBN
1306:2021
1287:PMID
1259:2011
1181:2011
1154:PMID
987:ISBN
957:ISBN
935:ISBN
698:adj.
400:and
340:and
324:In "
276:and
179:and
112:and
1331:doi
1279:doi
1240:doi
1146:doi
1119:doi
1086:doi
754:392
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722:106
714:423
384:Eve
246:".
232:'s
207:OED
84:to
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1866:5G
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173:C
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
