393:, serum levels of IgA are high in HSP and there are identical findings on renal biopsy; however, IgA nephropathy has a predilection for young adults while HSP is more predominant among children. Further, IgA nephropathy typically only affects the kidneys while HSP is a systemic disease. HSP involves the skin and connective tissues, scrotum, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. The genetic basis remains unclear except for involvement of the human leukocyte antigen region of the genome. It is hypothesized to involve autoimmunity triggered by infections. Streptococcus strains and Parainfluenza virus are the most commonly associated pathogens, and in children Human Parvovirus B19 is a frequent viral trigger
402:
389:(C3) are deposited on arterioles, capillaries, and venules (hence it is a type III hypersensitivity reaction). The activation of the alternative complement pathway results in the deposition of IgA aggregates or IgA complexes in target organs (with deposition of C3). This leads to the production of inflammatory mediators, including vascular prostaglandins like prostacyclin, which may play a key role in the development of IgAV and its organ-specific clinical manifestations. As with
57:
267:(IgA); the exact cause for this phenomenon is unknown. In children, it usually resolves within several weeks and requires no treatment apart from symptom control but may relapse in a third of cases and cause irreversible kidney damage in about one in a hundred cases. In adults, the prognosis is different from in children. The average duration of cutaneous lesions is 27.9 months. For many, it tends to be
863:(ESKD) more often than in children. In a UK series of 37 patients, 10 (27%) developed advanced kidney disease. Proteinuria, hypertension at presentation, and pathology features (crescentic changes, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy) predicted progression. About 20% of children that exhibit nephrotic or nephritic features experience long permanent renal impairment.
915:
532:
292:
280:
745:(PReS) classification, include palpable purpura as a mandatory criterion, together with at least one of the following findings: diffuse abdominal pain, predominant IgA deposition (confirmed on skin biopsy), acute arthritis in any joint, and renal involvement (as evidenced by the presence of blood and/or protein in the urine).
950:
in 1799 .In 1920, Eduard
Glanzmann(1887-1959), a Swiss pediatrician noted for his contributions in the fields of infectious disease, vitamin therapy and, mostly the field of haematology. He recognised the role of allergy in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hence the understanding of the
798:
as treatment for HSP. However, if they are given early in the disease episode, the duration of symptoms may be shortened, and abdominal pain can improve significantly. Moreover, the chance of severe kidney problems may be reduced. A systematic review did not find any evidence that steroid treatment
870:
correlate with the severity of symptoms: those with asymptomatic hematuria may only have focal mesangial proliferation while those with proteinuria may have marked cellular proliferation or even crescent formation. The number of crescentic glomeruli is an important prognostic factor in determining
850:
Overall prognosis is good in most patients, with one study showing recovery occurring in 94% and 89% of children and adults, respectively (some having needed treatment). In children under ten, the condition recurs in about a third of all cases, usually within the four months of the initial attack.
318:. The purpura typically appear on the legs and buttocks, but may also be seen on the arms, face and trunk. The abdominal pain is colicky in character, and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. There may be blood or mucus in the stools. The joints involved tend to be the
806:
Evidence of worsening kidney damage would normally prompt a kidney biopsy. Treatment may be indicated on the basis of the appearance of the biopsy sample; various treatments may be used, ranging from steroids by mouth to a combination of intravenous
2470:
2449:
959:
mechanism of HSP. In 2012, the
International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides renamed HSP IgA vasculitis. Prior to this, the disease was more often known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura rather than the reverse.
793:
and ulcerations occur. It is uncertain as to whether HSP needs treatment beyond controlling the symptoms. Most people do not receive therapy because of the high spontaneous recovery rate. Experts disagree on whether to routinely use
934:(1793–1864). Johann Schönlein described the condition as an entity in 1837; Eduard Heinrich Henoch in 1868 reported the first case of a patient with colic, bloody diarrhea, painful joints, and a rash. The English physician
543:
using an anti-IgA antibody, the skin is a biopsy of a patient with Henoch–Schönlein purpura. IgA deposits are found in the walls of small superficial capillaries (yellow arrows). The pale wavy green area on top is the
882:
is found for a patient on RRT, the disease will recur in the graft (transplanted kidney) in about 35% of cases, and in 11%, the graft will fail completely (requiring resumption of the RRT and a further transplant).
1619:
Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Hunder GG, Arend WP, et al. (August 1990). "The
American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch-Schönlein purpura".
2158:
Gardner-Medwin JM, Dolezalova P, Cummins C, Southwood TR (October 2002). "Incidence of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins".
2590:
508:
may be performed both to establish the diagnosis or to assess the severity of already suspected kidney disease. The main findings on kidney biopsy are increased cells and Ig deposition in the
842:
agent prevents persistent kidney disease. There is also no evidence that treating children or adults with cyclophosphamide prevents severe kidney disease. Heparin treatment is not justified.
1722:
Murali NS, George R, John GT, Chandi SM, Jacob M, Jeyaseelan L, et al. (June 2002). "Problems of classification of Henoch
Schonlein purpura: an Indian perspective".
1102:
3069:
639:. Several diseases have been reported to be associated with HSP, often without a causative link. Only in about 35% of cases can HSP be traced to any of these causes.
2583:
361:(generalised swelling due to low protein content of the blood). While abnormalities on urinalysis may continue for a long time, only 1% of all HSP patients develop
310:
are known as the "classic triad" of Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Purpura occur in all cases, joint pains and arthritis in 80%, and abdominal pain in 62%. Some include
3441:
338:(blood in the urine), but only a quarter will have this in sufficient quantities to be noticeable without laboratory tests. Problems in other organs, such as the
3307:
3201:
1592:
Michel BA, Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH (May 1992). "Hypersensitivity vasculitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a comparison between the 2 disorders".
2576:
497:, digestive tract hemorrhage (not due to intussussception), hematuria and age less than 20. The presence of three or more of these indicators has an 87%
373:
of the kidney if performed, may predict progression to advanced kidney disease. Adults are more likely than children to develop advanced kidney disease.
330:, but arthritis in the hands and feet is possible; the arthritis is nonerosive and hence causes no permanent deformity. Forty percent have evidence of
642:
The exact cause of HSP is unknown, but most of its features are due to the deposition of abnormal antibodies in the wall of blood vessels, leading to
3152:
3147:
2748:
3103:
1655:
2925:
2354:
2317:
1224:
1044:
930:
the pioneer of neurology who published his classic textbook between 1840 and 1846 and the first to describe
Romberg's sign.) and his teacher
2202:
452:
448:
1215:
Fauci AS (1987). "269:The
Vasculitis Syndromes". In Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Petersdorf RG, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Fauci AS (eds.).
3436:
3353:
770:
738:
315:
493:(HV). In a series comparing 85 HSP patients with 93 HV patients, five symptoms were found to be indicative of HSP: palpable purpura,
3368:
3332:
3194:
3142:
2920:
969:
892:
3293:
2779:
906:
Cases of HSP may occur anytime throughout the year, but some studies have found that fewer cases occur during the summer months.
727:
3363:
2961:
2823:
2818:
440:
401:
3041:
730:(ACR) classification and the 1994 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC). Some have reported the ACR criteria to be more
521:
1128:
3431:
3187:
3098:
758:
419:
The diagnosis is based on the combination of the symptoms, as very few other diseases cause the same symptoms together.
3358:
3000:
2803:
490:
471:
718:. In HSP and IgAN, these sugar chains appear to be deficient. The exact reason for these abnormalities is not known.
742:
3259:
3031:
2709:
832:
447:
count may be raised, and distinguishes it from diseases where low platelets are the cause of the purpura, such as
3324:
3061:
2884:
931:
311:
903:
of HSP in children is about 20 per 100,000 children per year, making it the most common vasculitis in children.
3312:
2975:
2744:
2730:
2485:
946:
has fallen into disuse. Moreover, Willan was the first to describe an exanthematous rash of childhood known as
900:
860:
766:
268:
3226:
2848:
2611:
927:
2979:
1500:
López-Mejías R, Castañeda S, Genre F, Remuzgo-Martínez S, Carmona FD, Llorca J, et al. (March 2018).
923:
707:
658:) or decreased removal of abnormal IgA from the circulation. It is suspected that abnormalities in the IgA
561:
386:
362:
339:
233:
899:
are below the age of six, and 90% are under ten. It occurs about twice as often in boys as in girls. The
3416:
2556:
608:
and numerous others. Drugs linked to HSP, usually as an idiosyncratic reaction, include the antibiotics
3393:
1659:
232:), but this usually goes unnoticed; in a small proportion of cases, the kidney involvement proceeds to
3388:
3249:
3231:
3137:
3132:
3116:
3026:
2956:
2813:
2725:
2112:
2060:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura in adulthood and childhood: two different expressions of the same syndrome"
1303:"Henoch Schönlein purpura with nephritis in adults: adverse prognostic indicators in a UK population"
947:
662:
molecule may provide an explanation for its abnormal behaviour in both HSP and the related condition
569:
405:
3426:
3421:
3210:
3159:
2474:
2058:
Blanco R, Martínez-Taboada VM, Rodríguez-Valverde V, García-Fuentes M, González-Gay MA (May 1997).
731:
586:
513:
498:
462:
of the skin may be performed to distinguish the purpura from other diseases that cause it, such as
409:
369:(high blood pressure) may occur. Protein loss and high blood pressure, as well as the features on
314:
as a fourth criterion; this occurs in 33% of cases, sometimes, but not necessarily always, due to
3164:
3046:
3036:
2930:
2828:
2808:
2645:
2603:
2230:
2183:
1747:
1280:
808:
540:
475:
436:
358:
2856:
753:
Henoch–Schönlein purpura may present with an atypical manifestation, which can be confused with
694:. The majority of the serines and the threonines have elaborate sugar chains, connected through
349:
Of the 40% of patients who develop kidney involvement, almost all have evidence (visible or on
271:
over a long period of time, rather than self-limiting and there tend to be more complications.
2866:
2861:
2661:
2650:
2525:
2496:
2412:
2350:
2313:
2222:
2175:
2140:
2081:
2037:
1983:
1934:
1885:
1837:
1796:
1739:
1704:
1636:
1601:
1574:
1533:
1482:
1424:
1375:
1324:
1272:
1220:
1197:
1140:
1083:
1062:"Prognostic factors in leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a clinicopathologic study of 160 patients"
1040:
1012:
879:
839:
679:
483:
152:
2238:
3254:
2910:
2844:
2761:
2756:
2697:
2624:
2599:
2404:
2342:
2284:
2214:
2167:
2130:
2120:
2071:
2027:
2019:
2008:"Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)"
1973:
1965:
1924:
1916:
1875:
1827:
1786:
1778:
1731:
1694:
1681:
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, Bacon PA, Churg J, Gross WL, et al. (February 1994).
1628:
1564:
1523:
1513:
1472:
1414:
1406:
1365:
1355:
1314:
1264:
1187:
1073:
1002:
935:
812:
545:
517:
494:
467:
382:
264:
197:
80:
2568:
1176:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children. Report of 100 patients and review of the literature"
942:(1757–1812) had already described the disease in 1802 and 1808, respectively, but the name
3051:
3021:
2905:
2833:
2687:
2640:
1683:"Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference"
991:"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides"
795:
762:
663:
654:; it is uncertain whether the main cause is overproduction (in the digestive tract or the
525:
479:
390:
189:
185:
56:
30:
1767:"EULAR/PReS endorsed consensus criteria for the classification of childhood vasculitides"
2380:
2116:
989:
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F, et al. (January 2013).
17:
2935:
2889:
2682:
2135:
2100:
2032:
2007:
1978:
1953:
1929:
1904:
1832:
1815:
1791:
1766:
1502:"Genetics of immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura): An updated review"
1419:
1394:
1370:
1343:
577:
573:
307:
260:
205:
2479:
2171:
3410:
3110:
2702:
1735:
1268:
1192:
1175:
952:
939:
781:
As of 2017, the optimal way to treat Henoch–Schönlein purpura remains controversial.
699:
636:
617:
557:
2187:
1765:
Ozen S, Ruperto N, Dillon MJ, Bagga A, Barron K, Davin JC, et al. (July 2006).
1751:
1284:
803:) is effective at decreasing the likelihood of developing long-term kidney disease.
3278:
3005:
2795:
2677:
2666:
2536:
2234:
2023:
1969:
875:
867:
820:
816:
726:
Multiple standards exist for defining Henoch–Schönlein purpura, including the 1990
702:). This process is thought to stabilise the IgA molecule and make it less prone to
366:
256:
252:
157:
50:
IgA vasculitis, anaphylactoid purpura, purpura rheumatica, Schönlein–Henoch purpura
2218:
2490:
2346:
2125:
1518:
1501:
486:) in the blood vessel wall. However, overall serum complement levels are normal.
2692:
2672:
2656:
2542:
2539:
2520:
2259:
1301:
Shrestha S, Sumingan N, Tan J, Alhous H, McWilliam L, Ballardie F (April 2006).
715:
703:
655:
565:
354:
241:
229:
2545:
2375:
2334:
1078:
1061:
3269:
3241:
3218:
2501:
2458:
1360:
1148:
800:
786:
675:
643:
632:
628:
613:
609:
604:
581:
463:
424:
420:
350:
248:
201:
161:
2416:
2531:
1954:"Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis"
1905:"Effects of corticosteroid on Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a systematic review"
1782:
782:
711:
691:
624:
620:
536:
509:
413:
381:
Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a small-vessel vasculitis in which complexes of
335:
303:
237:
225:
2226:
2179:
2144:
2076:
2059:
2041:
1987:
1938:
1920:
1889:
1841:
1800:
1743:
1699:
1682:
1632:
1578:
1537:
1486:
1379:
1328:
1319:
1302:
1276:
1201:
1016:
2085:
1880:
1863:
1708:
1640:
1605:
1569:
1552:
1477:
1460:
1428:
1144:
1087:
1060:
Sais G, Vidaller A, Jucglà A, Servitje O, Condom E, Peyri J (March 1998).
2551:
2393:"H20: <scp>Henoch–Schönlein</scp> purpura: what's in a name?"
2099:
Watson L, Richardson AR, Holt RC, Jones CA, Beresford MW (January 2012).
1410:
891:
HSP occurs more often in children than in adults, and usually follows an
828:
790:
444:
65:
2441:
1903:
Weiss PF, Feinstein JA, Luan X, Burnham JM, Feudtner C (November 2007).
346:
may occur, but is much less common than in the skin, bowel and kidneys.
2615:
1528:
956:
914:
824:
683:
651:
599:
591:
531:
299:
284:
217:
3179:
2408:
1395:"Abnormalities of vascular prostaglandins in Henoch-Schönlein purpura"
1007:
990:
357:(protein in the urine), which in one eighth is severe enough to cause
3301:
3287:
2984:
2453:
896:
695:
687:
549:
505:
459:
370:
331:
209:
2392:
291:
109:
838:
There is no good evidence that treating children who have HSP with
443:(ESR) results; none are specific for Henoch–Schönlein purpura. The
279:
2951:
2619:
2312:. Landmarks in medicine series. Boca Raton: Parthenon Pub. Group.
1656:"1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch–Schönlein purpura"
1342:
Song Y, Huang X, Yu G, Qiao J, Cheng J, Wu J, et al. (2021).
913:
754:
595:
530:
400:
327:
319:
290:
278:
221:
213:
200:(small, raised areas of bleeding underneath the skin), often with
193:
489:
On the basis of symptoms, it is possible to distinguish HSP from
2463:
2101:"Henoch schonlein purpura--a 5-year review and proposed pathway"
428:
343:
323:
181:
3183:
2572:
2333:
Beighton P, Beighton G (1997), Beighton P, Beighton G (eds.),
1103:"Treatment Challenges, Uncertainty Abound with IgA Vasculitis"
671:
432:
1862:
Hetland LE, Susrud KS, Lindahl KH, Bygum A (November 2017).
1551:
Hetland LE, Susrud KS, Lindahl KH, Bygum A (November 2017).
524:. The changes are indistinguishable from those observed in
133:
118:
95:
89:
1219:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 1441.
130:
106:
1393:
Turi S, Belch JJ, Beattie TJ, Forbes CD (February 1986).
1255:
Saulsbury FT (January 2001). "Henoch-Schönlein purpura".
458:
If there is doubt about the cause of the skin lesions, a
871:
whether the patient will develop chronic renal disease.
851:
Recurrence is more common in older children and adults.
819:
followed by prednisone. Other regimens include steroids/
682:-fixating regions 1 and 2. Of the amino acids, half is
2006:
Hahn D, Hodson EM, Willis NS, Craig JC (August 2015).
1816:"Atypical clinical course of Henoch-Schonlein purpura"
1344:"Pathogenesis of IgA Vasculitis: An Up-To-Date Review"
295:
More severe case of HSP on child's foot, leg, and arm
212:
involvement, there may be a loss of small amounts of
136:
121:
112:
98:
92:
2431:
878:
or equivalent renal replacement therapy (RRT). If a
115:
3381:
3346:
3323:
3277:
3268:
3240:
3217:
3125:
3091:
3082:
3060:
3014:
2993:
2974:
2944:
2898:
2883:
2842:
2794:
2787:
2773:
2743:
2718:
2633:
2610:
2511:
2435:
151:
127:
103:
86:
83:
71:
46:
41:
353:) of blood in the urine. More than half also have
823:, and steroids/cyclophosphamide (with or without
785:may be needed for the abdominal and joint pains.
3070:Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
1864:"Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review"
1553:"Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review"
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1169:
1167:
1165:
2053:
2051:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1296:
1294:
955:is also the first to recognise the underlying
926:(1820–1910), a German pediatrician (nephew of
3308:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
3195:
2584:
1952:Hahn D, Hodson EM, Craig JC (February 2023).
1465:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
8:
859:In adults, kidney involvement progresses to
2012:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2001:
1999:
1997:
1958:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1035:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
3274:
3202:
3188:
3180:
3088:
2990:
2895:
2791:
2770:
2630:
2591:
2577:
2569:
2432:
2203:"Epidemiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura"
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1127:Kraft DM, Mckee D, Scott C (August 1998).
1030:
1028:
1026:
646:. These antibodies are of the subclass IgA
470:; on microscopy, the appearances are of a
55:
38:
2134:
2124:
2075:
2031:
1977:
1928:
1879:
1831:
1790:
1698:
1568:
1527:
1517:
1476:
1418:
1369:
1359:
1318:
1191:
1077:
1006:
1459:Rai A, Nast C, Adler S (December 1999).
259:) and is characterized by deposition of
3104:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
981:
431:levels (in kidney involvement), raised
737:More recent classifications, the 2006
556:HSP can develop after infections with
3442:Vascular-related cutaneous conditions
2926:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
1724:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
7:
2341:, London: Springer, pp. 62–63,
2207:Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
1461:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis"
1217:Harrison's Book of Internal Medicine
1129:"Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a review"
666:. One of the characteristics of IgA
453:thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
449:idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
412:of a patient with Henoch–Schönlein
334:involvement, mainly in the form of
3354:Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy
1654:American College of Rheumatology.
938:(1710–1801) and the dermatologist
771:acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy
739:European League Against Rheumatism
539:of human skin prepared for direct
435:levels (in about 50%), and raised
196:. In the skin, the disease causes
64:Typical purpura on lower legs and
25:
3369:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
3333:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
3143:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
970:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
893:upper respiratory tract infection
548:, the bottom fibrous area is the
3294:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
2780:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
1771:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
1736:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01063.x
1399:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1269:10.1097/00002281-200101000-00006
1193:10.1097/00005792-199911000-00005
728:American College of Rheumatology
562:β-haemolytic, Lancefield group A
79:
3364:Bullous small vessel vasculitis
2962:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
2824:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
1257:Current Opinion in Rheumatology
2397:British Journal of Dermatology
2339:The Person Behind the Syndrome
2024:10.1002/14651858.CD005128.pub3
1970:10.1002/14651858.CD005128.pub4
1174:Saulsbury FT (November 1999).
874:In ESKD, some eventually need
743:Pediatric Rheumatology Society
686:, while the others are mainly
441:erythrocyte sedimentation rate
236:. HSP is often preceded by an
1:
3042:Postorgasmic illness syndrome
2219:10.3949/ccjm.69.suppl_2.sii87
2172:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11279-7
835:(IVIG) is occasionally used.
678:-long "hinge region" between
3099:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2347:10.1007/978-1-4471-0925-9_31
2310:Dates in infectious diseases
2126:10.1371/journal.pone.0029512
1519:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.024
759:systemic lupus erythematosus
710:(GalNAc), followed by other
706:. The first sugar is always
516:, where blood is filtered),
342:(brain and spinal cord) and
3359:Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
3165:Systemic autoimmune disease
3001:Allergic contact dermatitis
2921:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
2804:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
1594:The Journal of Rheumatology
951:allergic component in HSP.
922:The disease is named after
674:) is the presence of an 18
491:hypersensitivity vasculitis
472:hypersensitivity vasculitis
312:gastrointestinal hemorrhage
192:that most commonly affects
3458:
3260:Thromboangiitis obliterans
2671:common allergies include:
2260:"Schönlein-Henoch purpura"
1868:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
1557:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
1101:Collins TR (August 2016).
1079:10.1001/archderm.134.3.309
833:Intravenous immunoglobulin
627:, anti-inflammatory agent
28:
3437:Ailments of unknown cause
3325:Type III hypersensitivity
1822:(Review. Case Reports.).
1820:Canadian Family Physician
1361:10.3389/fimmu.2021.771619
1133:American Family Physician
897:Half of affected patients
520:, and the development of
63:
54:
3313:Microscopic polyangiitis
2916:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
2731:Eosinophilic esophagitis
2376:Schönlein-Henoch purpura
2283:Hellman N (2008-09-23).
2213:(Suppl 2): SII87–SII89.
2064:Arthritis and Rheumatism
1687:Arthritis and Rheumatism
1621:Arthritis and Rheumatism
995:Arthritis and Rheumatism
861:end-stage kidney disease
767:dermatitis herpetiformis
734:than those of the CHCC.
263:containing the antibody
170:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
42:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
29:Not to be confused with
18:Schönlein–Henoch purpura
3032:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
2819:Guillain–Barré syndrome
1814:Lawee D (August 2008).
1783:10.1136/ard.2005.046300
1348:Frontiers in Immunology
1066:Archives of Dermatology
944:Heberden–Willan disease
928:Moritz Heinrich Romberg
3133:Autoimmune adrenalitis
2403:(S1): 193. July 2022.
2077:10.1002/art.1780400513
1921:10.1542/peds.2007-0667
1700:10.1002/art.1780370206
1633:10.1002/art.1780330809
932:Johann Lukas Schönlein
924:Eduard Heinrich Henoch
919:
918:Johann Lukas Schönlein
749:Differential diagnosis
708:N-acetyl-galactosamine
553:
416:
387:complement component 3
363:chronic kidney disease
340:central nervous system
296:
288:
234:chronic kidney disease
188:, and sometimes other
180:, is a disease of the
2201:Saulsbury FT (2002).
1881:10.2340/00015555-2733
1570:10.2340/00015555-2733
1478:10.1681/ASN.V10122637
917:
535:Microphotograph of a
534:
478:demonstrates IgA and
404:
294:
282:
3389:Goodpasture syndrome
3250:Polyarteritis nodosa
3232:Giant cell arteritis
3227:Takayasu's arteritis
3138:Autoimmune hepatitis
3117:Transplant rejection
3027:Giant cell arteritis
2957:Rheumatoid arthritis
2814:Goodpasture syndrome
2726:Autoimmune urticaria
2308:Lee HS, ed. (2002).
2289:Renal Fellow Network
1506:Autoimmunity Reviews
1411:10.1136/adc.61.2.173
1320:10.1093/qjmed/hcl034
1039:. St. Louis: Mosby.
948:erythema infectiosum
570:herpes simplex virus
537:histological section
501:for predicting HSP.
3432:Autoimmune diseases
3211:Systemic vasculitis
2604:autoimmune diseases
2335:"GLANZMANN, Eduard"
2285:"Maladie de Berger"
2166:(9341): 1197–1202.
2117:2012PLoSO...729512W
587:Helicobacter pylori
408:showing IgA in the
269:relapsing–remitting
3394:Sneddon's syndrome
3047:Reactive arthritis
3037:Multiple sclerosis
2931:Reactive arthritis
2829:Pemphigus vulgaris
2809:Bullous pemphigoid
2710:Penicillin allergy
2646:Allergic urticaria
2512:External resources
2264:www.whonamedit.com
1107:The Rheumatologist
920:
855:Kidney involvement
809:methylprednisolone
554:
541:immunofluorescence
482:(a protein of the
476:immunofluorescence
437:C-reactive protein
423:may show elevated
417:
359:nephrotic syndrome
297:
289:
275:Signs and symptoms
247:HSP is a systemic
3402:
3401:
3377:
3376:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3078:
3077:
2970:
2969:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2867:Pernicious anemia
2862:Myasthenia gravis
2739:
2738:
2662:Atopic dermatitis
2651:Allergic rhinitis
2566:
2565:
2409:10.1111/bjd.21511
2356:978-1-4471-0925-9
2319:978-1-84214-150-2
1874:(10): 1160–1166.
1563:(10): 1160–1166.
1471:(12): 2637–2644.
1226:978-0-07-079454-2
1139:(2): 405–8, 411.
1046:978-1-4160-2999-1
1008:10.1002/art.37715
880:kidney transplant
755:papular urticaria
518:white blood cells
484:complement system
176:), also known as
167:
166:
36:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3449:
3275:
3255:Kawasaki disease
3204:
3197:
3190:
3181:
3160:Sjögren syndrome
3089:
2991:
2896:
2792:
2771:
2631:
2600:Hypersensitivity
2593:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2389:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2237:. Archived from
2198:
2192:
2191:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2128:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2003:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1915:(5): 1079–1087.
1900:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1859:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1826:(8): 1117–1120.
1811:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1658:. Archived from
1651:
1645:
1644:
1627:(8): 1114–1121.
1616:
1610:
1609:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1456:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1252:
1231:
1230:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1147:. Archived from
1124:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1021:
1020:
1010:
986:
936:William Heberden
866:The findings on
813:cyclophosphamide
789:is warranted if
495:abdominal angina
468:cryoglobulinemia
383:immunoglobulin A
265:immunoglobulin A
261:immune complexes
242:throat infection
198:palpable purpura
186:mucous membranes
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
59:
39:
21:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3373:
3342:
3319:
3264:
3236:
3213:
3208:
3178:
3169:
3121:
3084:
3074:
3056:
3052:Type 1 diabetes
3022:Coeliac disease
3010:
2982:
2966:
2940:
2906:Arthus reaction
2887:
2871:
2857:Graves' disease
2838:
2834:Rheumatic fever
2783:
2751:
2735:
2714:
2641:Allergic asthma
2622:
2606:
2597:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2507:
2506:
2461:
2444:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2018:(8): CD005128.
2005:
2004:
1995:
1964:(2): CD005128.
1951:
1950:
1946:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1662:on 27 July 2011
1653:
1652:
1648:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1458:
1457:
1436:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1254:
1253:
1234:
1227:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1126:
1125:
1114:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1024:
988:
987:
983:
978:
966:
912:
889:
857:
848:
796:corticosteroids
779:
763:meningococcemia
751:
724:
700:O-glycosylation
669:
664:IgA nephropathy
661:
649:
526:IgA nephropathy
399:
391:IgA nephropathy
379:
377:Pathophysiology
316:intussusception
277:
147:
126:
102:
82:
78:
37:
34:
31:IgA nephropathy
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3455:
3453:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3338:IgA vasculitis
3335:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3283:
3281:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2988:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2936:Serum sickness
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2893:
2890:Immune complex
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2628:
2608:
2607:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2493:
2482:
2467:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:Classification
2429:
2428:External links
2426:
2423:
2422:
2384:
2367:
2355:
2325:
2318:
2300:
2275:
2251:
2193:
2150:
2091:
2070:(5): 859–864.
2047:
1993:
1944:
1895:
1847:
1806:
1777:(7): 936–941.
1757:
1730:(4): 260–263.
1714:
1693:(2): 187–192.
1673:
1646:
1611:
1600:(5): 721–728.
1584:
1543:
1512:(3): 301–315.
1492:
1434:
1405:(2): 173–177.
1385:
1334:
1313:(4): 253–265.
1290:
1232:
1225:
1207:
1186:(6): 395–409.
1161:
1112:
1093:
1072:(3): 309–315.
1052:
1045:
1022:
980:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
965:
962:
911:
908:
888:
885:
856:
853:
847:
844:
778:
775:
750:
747:
723:
722:Classification
720:
667:
659:
647:
618:ACE inhibitors
578:Coxsackievirus
574:parvovirus B19
504:Biopsy of the
406:Immunostaining
398:
395:
378:
375:
308:abdominal pain
276:
273:
206:abdominal pain
178:IgA vasculitis
165:
164:
155:
149:
148:
146:
145:
75:
73:
69:
68:
61:
60:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3454:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3405:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3242:Medium vessel
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:Latex allergy
3109:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3081:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2980:cell-mediated
2977:
2973:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Farmer's lung
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:Who Named It?
2378:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2276:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2241:on 2020-03-27
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:(1): e29512.
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
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3411:Categories
3126:Autoimmune
3015:Autoimmune
2945:Autoimmune
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2719:Autoimmune
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439:(CRP) or
414:nephritis
397:Diagnosis
336:hematuria
304:arthritis
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