2856:
2508:
2841:. Two were later executed; the others avoided sentencing by having gone to exile. From 1944 until 1988 the Estonian Jewish community had no organisations, associations, or clubs. In March 1988, as the process towards regaining Estonia's independence was beginning, the Jewish Cultural Society was established in Tallinn. It was the first of its kind in the late Soviet Union. Unlike in other parts of the Soviet Union, there were no problems with registering either the society or its symbols. The Society began by organising concerts and lectures. Soon the question of founding a Jewish school arose. As a start, a Sunday school was established in 1989. The Tallinn Jewish Gymnasium on Karu Street was being used by a vocational school. In 1990, a Jewish School with grades 1 through 9 was established.
30:
2643:
3679:
5136:
5148:
2763:. Despite anti-semitic government policies, national Jewish organizations, local cultural groups, religious schools, charitable organizations, and organizations for war veterans and Holocaust survivors have been formed. Since the mass immigration of the 1990s, there has been some continuous immigration to Israel. In 2002, 974 Belarusians moved to Israel, and between 2003 and 2005, 4,854 followed suit.
2828:. Cultural autonomy together with all its institutions was liquidated in July 1940. In July and August of the same year all organisations, associations, societies and corporations were closed. Jewish businesses were nationalized. A relatively large number of Jews (350–450, about 10% of the total Jewish population) were
2916:
Russian Jews were forced to move to
Georgia by the Russian government. The Ashkenazi Jews and the Georgian Jews began establishing contact with each other, but relations were strained. Georgian Jews viewed the Ashkenazim as godless and secular, while the Ashkenazim looked down on the Georgian Jews.
2836:
in Russia by the Soviet authorities on 14 June 1941. In WWII, more than 75% of
Estonia's Jewish community, aware of the fate that otherwise awaited them, managed to escape to the Soviet Union; virtually all the remainder (between 950 and 1000 men, women and children) had been killed by the end of
2749:), as well as to the United States. In 1979, there were 135,400 Jews in Belarus; a decade later, 112,000 were left. The collapse of the Soviet Union and Belarusian independence saw most of the community, along with the majority of the former Soviet Union's Jewish population, leave for Israel (see
2474:, many left due to inadequate services and today the country's Jewish population has shrunk to 750. Despite small numbers, a high intermarriage rate, and relative isolation, a great deal of enthusiasm exists to help the community meet its needs. There are about 100 Jews presently living in
2507:
2734:. During the first years of Soviet occupation of Belarus, Jews were able to get managing positions in the country. In WWII, atrocities against the Jewish population in the German-conquered areas began almost immediately, with the dispatch of
2816:
congregation was established in 1866 when the first fifty families settled there. Synagogues were built, the largest of which were constructed in
Tallinn in 1883 and Tartu in 1901. Both of these were subsequently destroyed by fire in
2785:
from as early as the 14th century. However, the process of permanent Jewish settlement in
Estonia began in the 19th century, especially after they were granted the official right to enter the region by a statute of
2976:
when the Nazis occupied
Ukraine. During the war, a total of 1.5 million Ukrainian Jews were killed, leaving only 40% of the Jewish population prior to the war. In 1941, when Western Ukraine was taken over by
4055:
3495:
The
Wellspring of Georgian Historiography: The Early Medieval Historical Chronicle The Conversion of Katli and The Life of St. Nino, Constantine B. Lerner, England: Bennett and Bloom, London, 2004, p. 60
2855:
5504:
4459:
4442:
4489:
1047:
2686:
was more than 50% Jewish. In 1897 there were 724,548 Jews in
Belarus, or 13.6% of the total population. Some 800,000 Jews—90% of the Jewish population—were killed in Belarus during the
2549:
4432:
4952:
4452:
1625:
2581:-related activities including those of cultural nature that were carried out in Hebrew were banned. In the early 1920s, a few hundred Mountain Jewish families from Azerbaijan and
6200:
1280:
975:
1167:
4478:
4447:
4437:
4389:
3753:
3707:
2375:
4686:
139:
2730:. Millions of Jews, including tens of thousands of Jews from Belarus, emigrated to the United States of America and South Africa. A small number also emigrated to the
2647:
2438:
The history of the Jews in
Armenia dates back more than 2,000 years. After Eastern Armenia came under Russian rule in the early 19th century, Jews began arriving from
1162:
5749:
5512:
3056:
2690:. According to the 2009 census, there were 12,926 Jews in Belarus (0.1% of the population). The Jewish Agency estimates the community of Jews in Belarus at 70,000.
1410:
3201:
3011:. The number of Jews in Ukraine has drastically decreased since the late 20th century. The 2001 census showed that 380,000 Jews left Ukraine since 1989, which was
2628:. The majority of Ashkenazi Jews speak Russian as their first language with Azeri sometimes being spoken as the second. The number of Yiddish-speakers is unknown.
3897:
6228:
5201:
4384:
3997:
2420:
which resulted in the end of communist rule in
Central and Eastern Europe, a number of these now sovereign countries constituted the component republics of the
1664:
2416:. They had now come under the jurisdiction of fifteen states, some of which had never existed and others that had passed out of existence in 1939." Before the
2658:
were the third largest ethnic group in the country in the first half of the 20th century. Before World War II, Jews were the third among the ethnic groups in
6195:
5336:
5331:
5323:
4050:
4569:
4539:
3866:
3226:
3196:
649:
612:
4023:
6233:
5838:
5480:
4826:
4786:
4696:
4507:
3907:
3186:
3046:
2755:). The 1999 census estimated that there were only 29,000 Jews left in the country. However, local Jewish organizations put the number at 50,000, and the
2751:
6141:
4814:
4709:
4581:
4367:
3917:
3243:
3108:
2745:
1588:
6146:
4719:
4636:
4529:
1611:
3881:
2808:. The "Nicholas soldiers" and their descendants, and artisans were, basically, the ones who founded the first Jewish congregations in Estonia. The
5959:
5451:
4659:
4466:
4333:
961:
3636:
4357:
4202:
2655:
2368:
1538:
1473:
1355:
2706:
were born in
Belarus. By the end of the 19th century, many Belarusian Jews were part of the general flight of Jews from Eastern Europe to the
4345:
4311:
4299:
4294:
4185:
3374:
654:
6084:
6074:
6057:
6052:
5969:
4881:
4649:
3771:
3071:
1097:
29:
6094:
6067:
5498:
4761:
4427:
4374:
4362:
3120:
1365:
1182:
1172:
412:
6136:
6109:
6089:
5417:
5386:
5359:
5291:
4809:
4804:
4524:
4472:
3442:
2838:
2778:
1761:
1711:
1676:
1370:
1235:
1102:
6190:
5381:
5194:
5061:
5012:
4945:
4756:
4484:
4086:
3990:
3912:
3732:
3693:
3661:
3573:
3458:
3231:
3213:
3130:
3115:
3083:
3078:
3036:
2502:
2361:
1453:
1415:
1390:
1310:
1295:
1142:
1082:
1037:
2601:). Between 1972 and 1978 around 3,000 people left Azerbaijan for Israel. 1970 was the demographic peak for Azerbaijani Jews after
6170:
6114:
5533:
5376:
5091:
5079:
4903:
4893:
4849:
4664:
4340:
4289:
4172:
3810:
3400:
3144:
3093:
2829:
1746:
1728:
1634:
1528:
1380:
1375:
1300:
1265:
1132:
5848:
5777:
5427:
5096:
5084:
4940:
4925:
4839:
4741:
4323:
4143:
3066:
2471:
2264:
2163:
1718:
1701:
1654:
1553:
1463:
1400:
1350:
1330:
1325:
1245:
1219:
1194:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1032:
1027:
6005:
5593:
5037:
5017:
4771:
4714:
4328:
4153:
4081:
3963:
3927:
3845:
3600:
3463:
3307:
3274:
3125:
3098:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
2996:
2952:
2850:
2772:
2637:
2433:
1737:
1723:
1691:
1671:
1639:
1583:
1558:
1533:
1513:
1503:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1458:
1448:
1443:
1420:
1335:
1320:
1240:
1199:
1152:
1147:
1067:
1012:
3700:
5702:
5650:
5528:
5391:
5108:
4935:
4799:
4751:
4512:
4306:
4180:
4163:
3800:
3621:
3154:
3103:
3088:
2941:
2409:
2158:
1696:
1681:
1644:
1606:
1578:
1568:
1563:
1548:
1543:
1523:
1508:
1493:
1468:
1434:
1405:
1305:
1290:
1214:
1204:
1122:
1092:
1017:
1003:
639:
6180:
6010:
5927:
5660:
5354:
5187:
4704:
4379:
4274:
4075:
3983:
3777:
2926:
2825:
1766:
1686:
1649:
1573:
1518:
1385:
1360:
1285:
1260:
1250:
1189:
1112:
1107:
1087:
1077:
1057:
1042:
935:
403:
398:
3932:
3176:
6165:
5979:
5724:
5697:
5690:
4985:
4967:
4844:
4733:
4591:
4552:
4519:
4209:
4197:
4113:
4015:
3823:
3159:
1756:
1751:
1706:
1659:
1345:
1315:
1275:
1270:
1127:
433:
6042:
5719:
5665:
5486:
5274:
4980:
4957:
4930:
3838:
2512:
2230:
2075:
1783:
1177:
373:
363:
99:
2900:. Georgian Jews are one of the oldest communities in Georgia, tracing their migration into the country during the
2642:
720:
6207:
6022:
6017:
5853:
5234:
5022:
4995:
4898:
3871:
3737:
2909:
2344:
2037:
1888:
1829:
6175:
5964:
5858:
5318:
5286:
5103:
3742:
3325:
3208:
2982:
2884:
2756:
2047:
2027:
1137:
617:
158:
2743:
In the second half of the 20th century, there was a large wave of Belarusian Jews immigrating to Israel (see
2612:. There are relatively large communities of Mountain Jewish expatriates from Azerbaijan in New York City and
6131:
6099:
5974:
5239:
4352:
3169:
2978:
2188:
2178:
2143:
2022:
2012:
1795:
966:
908:
742:
421:
378:
93:
3678:
3264:
6185:
6160:
6126:
6104:
6079:
6062:
6047:
6027:
5984:
5954:
5807:
5571:
5548:
5422:
5308:
5269:
5244:
5032:
4624:
4562:
3922:
3645:
3297:
3181:
2804:, and Jews with higher education to settle in Estonia and other parts of the Russian Empire outside their
2791:
2307:
2042:
1956:
1022:
574:
193:
163:
4123:
569:
6155:
6121:
6037:
6032:
5917:
5680:
5473:
5433:
5371:
5366:
5303:
5229:
5151:
3902:
3833:
3365:
3164:
2695:
2198:
2193:
2138:
1926:
841:
556:
451:
168:
4394:
5892:
5843:
5815:
5538:
5468:
5254:
4913:
4776:
4596:
4108:
3818:
2901:
2540:
2401:
2269:
2221:
1961:
1819:
632:
497:
486:
444:
2662:
and comprised more than 40% of the population in cities and towns. The population of cities such as
5922:
5833:
5825:
5588:
5581:
5313:
5298:
5249:
5140:
4869:
4674:
4603:
4411:
4260:
4138:
4060:
4033:
3861:
3191:
2731:
2417:
2322:
690:
562:
465:
458:
388:
276:
151:
5729:
2597:
did not take place until the 1970s, after the ban on Jewish immigration to Israel was lifted (see
5902:
5412:
5007:
4990:
4918:
4235:
4148:
4038:
4028:
3667:
2986:
2805:
2586:
2524:
2173:
2123:
2070:
2065:
1979:
1849:
1117:
946:
700:
625:
479:
45:
3421:
3323:
Advocates on Behalf of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic States, and Eurasia: Armenia and Jews
2837:
1941. The four Estonians held most responsible for the murders at Kalevi-Liiva were accused at
5771:
5576:
5439:
5224:
5115:
5055:
4834:
4620:
4316:
4118:
4103:
4045:
3657:
3596:
3579:
3569:
3535:
3454:
3370:
3356:
3303:
3270:
2893:
2873:
2865:
2317:
2259:
2239:
2056:
1616:
1255:
715:
586:
516:
393:
306:
173:
5739:
5734:
5608:
5281:
3828:
3649:
3149:
2532:
2287:
2168:
2128:
2092:
1790:
1340:
851:
607:
511:
426:
316:
108:
5765:
5518:
5027:
4240:
4192:
4098:
3949:
3404:
3329:
2621:
2249:
2208:
2203:
2183:
2105:
2099:
2032:
1984:
1824:
1805:
956:
680:
597:
580:
124:
71:
5897:
5707:
5675:
5640:
5561:
5174:
5047:
4975:
4255:
4245:
3685:
3510:
2991:
2921:
was a uniting cause for the two groups. Beginning in 1863, groups of Jews began making
2913:
2905:
2787:
2736:
2717:
2703:
2699:
2566:
2558:
2483:
2447:
2397:
2349:
2148:
2017:
2003:
1883:
1862:
1839:
1834:
1812:
1800:
1395:
876:
810:
775:
753:
685:
528:
506:
368:
347:
323:
89:
3593:
A Century of Ambivalence: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present
3398:
3299:
A Century of Ambivalence: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present
6222:
5870:
5712:
5645:
5492:
5444:
5000:
4908:
2962:
2958:
2721:
2625:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2561:. Historically Jews in Azerbaijan have been represented by various subgroups, mainly
2490:
2297:
2292:
1498:
1425:
951:
800:
795:
790:
780:
758:
710:
472:
311:
216:
178:
129:
2995:, the mobile killing units, were responsible for the mass murder of up to a million
2400:
conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the
5934:
5880:
5744:
5556:
5456:
5407:
5264:
5210:
4791:
4612:
4006:
3956:
3389:
Associated Press, 21 October 2008, "Belarus marks ghetto's destruction 65 years on"
3360:
3293:
3004:
3000:
2966:
2818:
2691:
2602:
2487:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2421:
2405:
2393:
2327:
2153:
1994:
1989:
1947:
1900:
994:
861:
846:
805:
770:
383:
225:
34:
2824:
The life of the small Jewish community in Estonia was disrupted in 1940 with the
5797:
5603:
5598:
5566:
4654:
4616:
4608:
4230:
4214:
4128:
4070:
3785:
3748:
2312:
2254:
1919:
825:
820:
815:
785:
5989:
5875:
5792:
5523:
5462:
4644:
3482:
3369:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 303–305.
2520:
1970:
984:
913:
871:
695:
675:
239:
146:
66:
2794:
in 1865. This allowed the so-called Jewish 'Nicholas soldiers' (often former
17:
5912:
5787:
5782:
5670:
4864:
4859:
4681:
4574:
4404:
4065:
3876:
3671:
3583:
2973:
2796:
2707:
2687:
2598:
2133:
2118:
1208:
1156:
918:
866:
856:
537:
533:
523:
438:
198:
886:
5886:
5802:
5655:
5614:
4854:
4399:
4133:
4093:
3653:
3008:
2897:
2860:
2759:
believes that there are 70,000. About half of the country's Jews live in
2679:
2675:
2671:
2590:
2582:
2302:
1912:
1844:
670:
183:
134:
2605:; according to the census, 41,288 Jews resided in Azerbaijan that year.
4746:
4250:
3477:
2918:
2809:
2801:
2782:
2659:
2617:
2613:
2578:
2479:
2475:
2470:, the Jewish population rose to approximately 5,000. However, with the
2463:
2455:
2278:
2244:
2113:
1907:
896:
891:
763:
549:
545:
541:
290:
285:
262:
244:
119:
114:
104:
82:
57:
3975:
5907:
5863:
5685:
5620:
5259:
3790:
3343:
2922:
2712:
2683:
2594:
2439:
1938:
1933:
1893:
1878:
989:
881:
301:
267:
253:
188:
5169:
3629:
Antisemitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution
3322:
4669:
4547:
2854:
2833:
2813:
2760:
2726:
2667:
2663:
2641:
2609:
2506:
901:
330:
234:
203:
28:
4781:
4557:
3795:
3266:
The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority
2443:
2413:
53:
5183:
5179:
3979:
3689:
2812:
congregation, the largest in Estonia, was founded in 1830. The
4766:
4586:
3638:
Soviet Jews in World War II: Fighting, Witnessing, Remembering
2608:
Many Jewish émigrés from Azerbaijan settled in Tel-Aviv and
3566:
Yiddish and the creation of Soviet Jewish culture 1918–1930
3007:
violence in Ukraine, diminishing after the period known as
2929:
in February 1921, prompting a mass exodus from the region.
2972:
The Ukrainian Jews were targeted and murdered during the
3459:
The Soviet Occupation of Estonia in 1940–41 and the Jews
2781:
starts with individual reports of Jews in what is now
2462:
finding more tolerance in the area than in Russia or
3138:
Aspects of Jewish history specific to the Soviet era
2458:. More Jews moved to Armenia during its period as a
1917:
1898:
321:
5998:
5943:
5824:
5758:
5629:
5547:
5400:
5347:
5217:
5170:
The Refusenik Project - a free educational resource
5072:
5046:
4966:
4880:
4825:
4732:
4695:
4635:
4538:
4500:
4420:
4282:
4273:
4223:
4171:
4162:
4014:
3941:
3890:
3854:
3809:
3764:
3723:
2965:, together with the rest of the population of the
3478:The Peculiarities of Jewish Settlement in Estonia
2942:History of the Jews in Russia § Soviet Union
5960:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
4855:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
3635:Murav, Harriet; Estraikh, Gennady, eds. (2014).
2800:) and their descendants, First Guild merchants,
5513:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
3057:History of the Jews in Galicia (Eastern Europe)
2740:(task groups) to round up Jews and shoot them.
2616:. Similar to many immigrant communities of the
3898:Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia
3344:The Electronic Jewish Encyclopædia: Azerbaijan
3302:. Indiana University Press. pp. 215–216.
3269:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–90.
2877:
5195:
3991:
3701:
3568:. New York City: Cambridge University Press.
2624:, Ashkenazi Jews appear to be linguistically
2369:
8:
5970:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
2989:where they were murdered. Additionally, the
3227:Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS
3197:Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public
613:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
5481:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
5202:
5188:
5180:
4886:
4279:
4168:
3998:
3984:
3976:
3908:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
3708:
3694:
3686:
3288:
3286:
3202:Soviet Union and the Arab–Israeli conflict
3187:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
3047:History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
2752:Russian immigration to Israel in the 1990s
2410:lived under one entity, the Russian Empire
2376:
2362:
2226:
1867:
940:
747:
352:
221:
40:
3424:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. 25 April 1991
3416:
3414:
3412:
3355:Slutsky, Yehuda (2007). "Belorussia". In
3244:History of the Jews in the Russian Empire
3109:History of Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan
2746:Aliyah from the Soviet Union in the 1970s
2912:. In the beginning of the 19th century,
3618:The Jews in the Soviet Union since 1917
3255:
2392:is inextricably linked to much earlier
2390:history of the Jews in the Soviet Union
2277:
2229:
2055:
2002:
1969:
1946:
1870:
1736:
1624:
1598:
1433:
1227:
1002:
974:
833:
662:
596:
496:
411:
355:
275:
252:
224:
52:
4024:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
3422:"Belarus: Virtual Jewish History Tour"
3505:
3503:
3501:
7:
6229:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
3717:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
3072:History of the Jews in South Ossetia
2925:, mostly for religious reasons. The
2404:of 1917. "For two centuries – wrote
5499:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
3121:History of the Jews in Turkmenistan
2654:The Jews in Belarus, then known as
2536:
5980:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
3631:(Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO, 2005) pp 26–28.
25:
6234:Jewish Russian and Soviet history
5175:Jewish Currents: The Soviet Issue
3913:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
3733:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
3232:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews
3214:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
3131:History of the Jews in Uzbekistan
3116:History of the Jews in Tajikistan
3084:History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan
3079:History of the Jews in Kazakhstan
3037:History of the Jews in Azerbaijan
3021:of the entire Jewish population.
2503:History of the Jews in Azerbaijan
404:Historical population comparisons
5534:White genocide conspiracy theory
5147:
5146:
5134:
3677:
3145:Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
3094:History of the Jews in Lithuania
2904:in 6th century BC. In 1801, the
1048:Democratic Republic of the Congo
962:Historical population by country
5778:Institute for Historical Review
5698:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
5428:International Jewish conspiracy
5325:
3445:at www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
3067:History of the Jews in Abkhazia
2472:dissolution of the Soviet Union
3964:The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
3846:Joseph Stalin and antisemitism
3464:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
3126:History of the Jews in Ukraine
3099:History of the Jews in Moldova
3062:History of the Jews in Georgia
3052:History of the Jews in Estonia
3042:History of the Jews in Belarus
3032:History of the Jews in Armenia
2999:. Following the atrocities of
2953:History of the Jews in Ukraine
2889:
2851:History of the Jews in Georgia
2773:History of the Jews in Estonia
2638:History of the Jews in Belarus
2529:çuhuro / жугьуро / ז'אוּהאוּרו
2434:History of the Jews in Armenia
1:
5975:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
5703:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
5681:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
5651:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
4687:Political abuse of psychiatry
4479:Congress of People's Deputies
3801:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
3155:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
3104:History of the Jews in Russia
3089:History of the Jews in Latvia
619:Christianity and Judaism
5955:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
5661:1968 Polish political crisis
3882:Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking
3778:Jewish Communist Youth Union
3595:. Indiana University Press.
2826:Soviet occupation of Estonia
2732:British Mandate of Palestine
5725:Night of the Murdered Poets
4850:Academy of Medical Sciences
3824:Night of the Murdered Poets
3160:Night of the Murdered Poets
2777:The history of the Jews in
2519:The History of the Jews in
1918:
1899:
1626:Latin America and Caribbean
322:
6250:
5720:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
5691:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
5666:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
5631:Antisemitic laws, policies
5487:On the Jews and Their Lies
3839:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
2950:
2939:
2848:
2770:
2635:
2528:
2500:
2431:
2231:Jewish political movements
1928:Conversion to Judaism
5128:
4889:
3872:1970s Soviet Union aliyah
3754:Jewish history in the JAO
3738:Jewish autonomy in Crimea
3620:(2 vol, NYU Press, 1988)
3443:Jewish History in Estonia
3312:– via Google Books.
3279:– via Google Books.
3263:Pinkus, Benjamin (1990).
2981:, the Jews were put into
2878:
2839:war crimes trials in 1961
2622:Soviet eras in Azerbaijan
2554:
634:Hinduism and Judaism
5965:Community Security Trust
5839:Black Death persecutions
3743:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3540:www.yivoencyclopedia.org
3515:www.yivoencyclopedia.org
3209:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2927:Red Army invaded Georgia
2478:, mainly in the capital
460:Temple in Jerusalem
153:Bar and bat mitzvah
6171:Palestinian Territories
5676:Dreyfus Affair (France)
5141:Soviet Union portal
3933:Jackson–Vanik amendment
3564:Schneer, David (2004).
3536:"YIVO | Einsatzgruppen"
3177:Jackson–Vanik amendment
3170:Stalin and antisemitism
2648:German–occupied Belarus
2408:– millions of Jews had
422:Twelve Tribes of Israel
5985:Stephen Roth Institute
5633:and government actions
5572:Portuguese Inquisition
5549:Religious antisemitism
5423:Double genocide theory
5309:Secondary antisemitism
5245:Religious antisemitism
5033:Stalinist architecture
4787:Science and technology
4697:Ideological repression
4625:Soviet Airborne Forces
4563:Destruction battalions
3942:Media and publications
3891:International activism
3867:Anti-Zionist Committee
3772:Jewish Communist Party
3646:Academic Studies Press
3627:Levy, Richard S., ed.
3591:Gitelman, Zvi (2001).
2869:
2651:
2544:
2537:אַזערבייַדזאַניש יִידן
2516:
38:
5945:Organizations working
5505:Contemporary imprints
5434:The International Jew
5304:Rootless cosmopolitan
4815:List of metro systems
4368:Collective leadership
3903:Soviet Jewry movement
3834:Rootless cosmopolitan
3366:Encyclopaedia Judaica
3165:Rootless cosmopolitan
3003:, there was a lot of
2858:
2710:due to conflicts and
2696:Mendele Mocher Sforim
2645:
2555:Азербайджанские евреи
2510:
2482:. They are mostly of
1168:São Tomé and Príncipe
1163:Republic of the Congo
557:Second Temple Judaism
428:Kingdom of Judah
399:Modern historiography
37:(dark green) in 1989.
32:
5947:against antisemitism
5893:Martyrdom in Judaism
5759:Antisemitic websites
5671:Leo Frank trial (US)
5567:Catholic Inquisition
5539:Zionist antisemitism
5255:Antisemitism studies
4777:Net material product
4720:Censorship of images
4637:Political repression
4597:Soviet Border Troops
4530:First Deputy Premier
4114:1965 economic reform
4109:Soviet space program
3819:1931 Menshevik Trial
3654:10.2307/j.ctt1zxsjkw
2902:Babylonian captivity
2486:origin and some are
2402:Bolshevik Revolution
2270:World Agudath Israel
1411:United Arab Emirates
498:Second Temple period
488:Babylonian captivity
5923:Spanish Inquisition
5834:Rhineland massacres
5589:Rhineland massacres
5582:Spanish Inquisition
5314:Stereotypes of Jews
5299:Racial antisemitism
5250:Persecution of Jews
4845:Academy of Sciences
4660:Population transfer
4604:Soviet Armed Forces
4467:Congress of Soviets
4448:Presidium/Politburo
4412:Soviet anti-Zionism
4261:West Siberian Plain
4139:Revolutions of 1989
4076:Great Patriotic War
4061:New Economic Policy
3862:Soviet anti-Zionism
3811:Soviet antisemitism
3476:Berg, Eiki (1994).
3403:6 July 2011 at the
3328:6 July 2011 at the
3192:Soviet Anti-Zionism
2957:Jews living in the
2872:The Georgian Jews (
2545:cuhudlar, yəhudilər
2418:revolutions of 1989
563:Hellenistic Judaism
141:Land of Israel
100:Principles of faith
6142:Conservative Party
5903:Pale of Settlement
5413:Christian Identity
5387:Soviet mathematics
5292:Working definition
4490:Military Collegium
4358:Capital punishment
4236:Caucasus Mountains
4149:Post-Soviet states
4029:Russian Revolution
3455:Weiss-Wendt, Anton
3357:Berenbaum, Michael
2985:and later sent to
2890:kartveli ebraelebi
2879:ქართველი ებრაელები
2870:
2806:Pale of Settlement
2652:
2517:
2124:Jewish Koine Greek
1666:Dominican Republic
947:Judaism by country
626:Jews and Christmas
481:Assyrian captivity
39:
6216:
6215:
5859:Ghettos in Europe
5772:The Daily Stormer
5577:Roman Inquisition
5440:Jewish Bolshevism
5160:
5159:
5124:
5123:
5116:Hammer and sickle
5058:and their groups
5056:Soviet dissidents
4835:Communist Academy
4752:Economic planning
4728:
4727:
4621:Soviet Air Forces
4540:Security services
4460:General Secretary
4443:Central Committee
4385:Political parties
4317:Brezhnev Doctrine
4312:Foreign relations
4269:
4268:
4210:Autonomous okrugs
4124:Soviet–Afghan War
4104:Sino-Soviet split
4046:Russian Civil War
3973:
3972:
3918:Cleveland Council
3376:978-0-02-866097-4
3221:Post-Soviet Union
2866:Shalom Koboshvili
2515:, Azerbaijan 1932
2511:Mountain Jews in
2386:
2385:
2335:
2334:
2083:
2082:
1830:Reconstructionist
1774:
1773:
926:
925:
733:
732:
570:Jewish–Roman wars
518:Hasmonean dynasty
434:Kingdom of Israel
338:
337:
16:(Redirected from
6241:
5740:Holocaust denial
5609:Host desecration
5418:Cultural Marxism
5348:Antisemitism and
5327:
5282:New antisemitism
5204:
5197:
5190:
5181:
5150:
5149:
5139:
5138:
5137:
4887:
4795:
4650:Collectivization
4395:Marxism–Leninism
4280:
4169:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3977:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3643:
3606:
3587:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3511:"YIVO | Ukraine"
3507:
3496:
3493:
3487:
3474:
3468:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3418:
3407:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3294:Gitelman, Zvi Y.
3290:
3281:
3280:
3260:
3238:Pre-Soviet Union
3182:Lishkat Hakesher
3020:
3019:
3015:
2891:
2888:
2881:
2880:
2656:Byelorussian SSR
2557:) dates back to
2556:
2552:
2538:
2530:
2396:policies of the
2378:
2371:
2364:
2227:
2108:
1929:
1923:
1904:
1868:
1815:
1762:New Zealand
1714:
1677:El Salvador
1667:
1599:Northern America
1591:
1185:
941:
852:Crimean Karaites
748:
726:
724:
645:
643:
635:
629:
620:
608:Rabbinic Judaism
589:
583:
577:
565:
553:
519:
512:Maccabean Revolt
489:
482:
476:
468:
461:
455:
447:
429:
353:
327:
222:
154:
142:
41:
33:Location of the
21:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6212:
5994:
5948:
5946:
5939:
5820:
5809:The Right Stuff
5766:Bible Believers
5754:
5634:
5632:
5625:
5543:
5519:Self-hating Jew
5396:
5377:Nation of Islam
5343:
5213:
5208:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5135:
5133:
5120:
5068:
5042:
4962:
4876:
4821:
4793:
4767:Internet domain
4762:Five-year plans
4724:
4691:
4631:
4534:
4496:
4428:Communist Party
4416:
4375:Passport system
4265:
4241:European Russia
4219:
4158:
4099:Khrushchev Thaw
4078:(World War II)
4056:Creation treaty
4010:
4004:
3974:
3969:
3950:Am Yisrael Chai
3937:
3886:
3850:
3805:
3760:
3719:
3714:
3676:
3664:
3641:
3634:
3613:
3611:Further reading
3603:
3590:
3576:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3475:
3471:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3410:
3405:Wayback Machine
3397:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3330:Wayback Machine
3321:
3317:
3310:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3240:
3223:
3218:
3140:
3135:
3027:
3017:
3013:
3012:
2955:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2910:Eastern Georgia
2883:
2853:
2847:
2775:
2769:
2724:of the Russian
2646:Jews in Minsk,
2640:
2634:
2589:and settled in
2548:
2505:
2499:
2460:Soviet republic
2454:communities in
2436:
2430:
2382:
2337:
2336:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2204:Judeo-Malayalam
2184:Judaeo-Georgian
2104:
2095:
2085:
2084:
1985:Yiddish theatre
1927:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1813:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1712:
1665:
1589:
1183:
967:Genetic studies
938:
928:
927:
745:
735:
734:
722:
721:
641:
640:
633:
623:
618:
600:and Middle Ages
598:Rabbinic period
585:
579:
572:
560:
531:
517:
487:
480:
471:
463:
459:
450:
445:in Judaism
442:
427:
350:
340:
339:
219:
209:
208:
152:
140:
85:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6247:
6245:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6221:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6137:United Kingdom
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6060:
6055:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5898:Nuremberg Laws
5895:
5890:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5854:Jewish quarter
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5750:ZOG conspiracy
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5708:Final Solution
5700:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5641:Ghetto benches
5637:
5635:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5564:
5562:Jewish deicide
5559:
5553:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5495:
5490:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5437:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5401:Related topics
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5165:
5164:External links
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5144:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5052:
5050:
5044:
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5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4933:
4928:
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4916:
4911:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4831:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4810:Rail transport
4807:
4805:Railway system
4797:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
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4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
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4627:
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4599:
4594:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4525:Deputy Premier
4522:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4508:Heads of state
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4482:
4476:
4473:Supreme Soviet
4470:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4390:State ideology
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4286:
4284:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4256:Ural Mountains
4253:
4248:
4246:North Caucasus
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4177:
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4166:
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4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3928:Freedom Sunday
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
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3856:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
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3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3662:
3632:
3625:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3588:
3574:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3527:
3497:
3488:
3486:33.4, 465–470.
3469:
3467:12.2, 308–325.
3447:
3435:
3408:
3391:
3382:
3375:
3347:
3333:
3315:
3308:
3282:
3275:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3023:
2997:Ukrainian Jews
2992:Einsatzgruppen
2951:Main article:
2948:
2945:
2940:Main article:
2937:
2934:
2906:Russian Empire
2849:Main article:
2846:
2843:
2771:Main article:
2768:
2765:
2737:Einsatzgruppen
2718:Russian Empire
2716:engulfing the
2704:Menachem Begin
2700:Chaim Weizmann
2636:Main article:
2633:
2630:
2567:Ashkenazi Jews
2559:Late Antiquity
2501:Main article:
2498:
2495:
2432:Main article:
2429:
2426:
2398:Russian Empire
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2265:Territorialism
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:Judaeo-Spanish
2146:
2144:Judaeo-Iranian
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:United Kingdom
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:Bilad-el-Sudan
1020:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
992:
987:
979:
978:
976:Land of Israel
972:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
939:
934:
933:
930:
929:
924:
923:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
836:
835:
834:Related groups
831:
830:
829:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
767:
766:
761:
746:
741:
740:
737:
736:
731:
730:
729:
728:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
686:Jewish atheism
683:
678:
673:
665:
664:
660:
659:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:Islamic–Jewish
637:
630:
615:
610:
602:
601:
594:
593:
592:
591:
567:
554:
526:
521:
514:
509:
507:Yehud Medinata
501:
500:
494:
493:
492:
491:
484:
477:
469:
456:
448:
436:
431:
424:
416:
415:
413:Ancient Israel
409:
408:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
369:Land of Israel
366:
358:
357:
351:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
335:
334:
333:
328:
324:Shulchan Aruch
319:
314:
309:
304:
296:
295:
294:
293:
288:
280:
279:
273:
272:
271:
270:
265:
257:
256:
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
237:
229:
228:
220:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
149:
144:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
102:
97:
90:God in Judaism
86:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
74:
69:
61:
60:
50:
49:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6246:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6191:United States
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5871:The Holocaust
5869:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5735:Doctors' plot
5733:
5731:
5730:Slánský trial
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5713:The Holocaust
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5686:Farhud (Iraq)
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:Hep-Hep riots
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:Martin Luther
5592:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5529:Weaponization
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5494:
5493:Philosemitism
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5452:Khazar theory
5450:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:Olympic Games
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5360:New Testament
5358:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5200:
5198:
5193:
5191:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Printed media
5011:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4946:Cyrillisation
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Working class
4912:
4910:
4909:Soviet people
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Energy policy
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4485:Supreme Court
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4087:The Holocaust
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4001:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Doctors' plot
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:Organizations
3763:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3741:
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3736:
3734:
3731:
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3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3663:9781618116864
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:Levin, Nora.
3615:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3575:9780521826303
3571:
3567:
3562:
3561:
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3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
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3484:
3479:
3473:
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3466:
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3460:
3456:
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3436:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3361:Skolnik, Fred
3358:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3256:
3249:
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3237:
3233:
3230:
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3215:
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3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
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3185:
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3180:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Doctors' plot
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
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3055:
3053:
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3048:
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3043:
3040:
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3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:Sovietization
2960:
2959:Ukrainian SSR
2954:
2946:
2943:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
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2875:
2867:
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2857:
2852:
2844:
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2835:
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2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:Jewish Agency
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:anti-Semitism
2719:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2575:Sovietization
2572:
2571:Georgian Jews
2568:
2564:
2563:Mountain Jews
2560:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2491:Georgian Jews
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Judeo-Aramaic
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Judeo-Italian
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Ghardaïa Sign
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:Denominations
1780:
1779:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:United States
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Guinea-Bissau
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
980:
977:
973:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
952:Lists of Jews
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
937:
932:
931:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
837:
832:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
738:
727:
719:
717:
714:
712:
711:The Holocaust
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
666:
661:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
638:
636:
631:
627:
621:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
604:
603:
599:
595:
588:
582:
576:
571:
568:
564:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:
499:
495:
490:
485:
483:
478:
474:
470:
467:
462:
457:
453:
449:
446:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
414:
410:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
343:
332:
329:
326:
325:
320:
318:
315:
313:
312:Mishneh Torah
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
297:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
278:
274:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
259:
258:
255:
251:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
231:
230:
227:
223:
218:
213:
212:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
150:
148:
145:
143:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
87:
84:
79:
78:
73:
72:Who is a Jew?
70:
68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
36:
31:
27:
19:
18:Soviet Jewish
6201:21st century
6181:South Africa
6147:Labour Party
6068:21st century
6011:Saudi Arabia
5935:Yellow badge
5885:
5881:Jewish quota
5808:
5770:
5745:Yellow badge
5613:
5557:Anti-Judaism
5511:
5497:
5485:
5461:
5457:Ku Klux Klan
5432:
5408:Anti-Zionism
5392:Universities
5355:Christianity
5265:Adolf Hitler
5211:Antisemitism
5132:
4904:Demographics
4894:Antisemitism
4747:Central Bank
4665:Forced labor
4613:Spetsnaz GRU
4433:organisation
4341:Human rights
4290:Constitution
4173:Subdivisions
4051:Russian SFSR
4007:Soviet Union
3962:
3957:Jews on Land
3955:
3948:
3724:
3716:
3672:j.ctt1zxsjkw
3637:
3628:
3617:
3592:
3565:
3543:. Retrieved
3539:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3514:
3491:
3481:
3472:
3462:
3450:
3438:
3426:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3364:
3350:
3341:(in Russian)
3336:
3318:
3298:
3265:
3258:
3001:World War II
2990:
2971:
2967:Soviet Union
2956:
2931:
2871:
2859:
2834:prison camps
2823:
2819:World War II
2795:
2792:Alexander II
2779:Estonian SSR
2776:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2735:
2725:
2711:
2692:Marc Chagall
2653:
2607:
2603:World War II
2518:
2468:World War II
2437:
2422:Soviet Union
2406:Zvi Gitelman
2394:expansionist
2389:
2387:
2328:Post-Zionism
2199:Judeo-Berber
2194:Judeo-Arabic
2154:Judeo-Gascon
1901:Pidyon haben
1820:Conservative
1366:Saudi Arabia
1184:South Africa
1173:Sierra Leone
995:Israeli Jews
909:Mosaic Arabs
862:Kaifeng Jews
723:Arab–Israeli
706:Soviet Union
705:
691:Emancipation
575:Great Revolt
384:Anti-Judaism
379:Antisemitism
374:Name "Judea"
169:Baal teshuva
35:Soviet Union
26:
6166:New Zealand
5918:Segregation
5826:Persecution
5798:Radio Islam
5604:Blood libel
5599:Blood curse
5372:Middle Ages
5218:Core topics
5008:Phraseology
4953:Prohibition
4941:Linguistics
4926:Drug policy
4919:1989 census
4840:Cybernetics
4742:Agriculture
4655:Great Purge
4617:Soviet Navy
4609:Soviet Army
4481:(1989–1991)
4475:(1938–1991)
4469:(1922–1936)
4453:Secretariat
4324:Gun control
4231:Caspian Sea
4215:Closed city
4144:Dissolution
4129:Perestroika
4071:Great Purge
3786:Yevsektsiya
3749:Birobidzhan
3545:13 December
3520:13 December
3005:antisemitic
2987:death camps
2892:) are from
2593:. The next
2541:Azerbaijani
2446:, creating
2323:Revisionist
2313:Neo-Zionism
1920:Zeved habat
1713:Puerto Rico
1539:Netherlands
1371:South Korea
1356:Philippines
1236:Afghanistan
1103:Ivory Coast
877:Crypto-Jews
842:Bnei Anusim
821:Bene Israel
786:Beta Israel
743:Communities
650:Middle Ages
389:Persecution
164:Bereavement
6223:Categories
6043:Costa Rica
6006:Arab world
5990:Yad Vashem
5913:Refuseniks
5876:Jewish hat
5849:Expulsions
5816:Stormfront
5524:Xenophobia
5474:in English
5463:Mein Kampf
5445:Żydokomuna
5275:Propaganda
5048:Opposition
5038:Television
5018:Propaganda
4991:Literature
4865:Naukograds
4860:Sharashkas
4794:(currency)
4772:Inventions
4715:Censorship
4645:Red Terror
4329:Government
4203:Autonomous
4186:Autonomous
4119:Stagnation
4082:Evacuation
3644:. Boston:
3602:0253214181
3558:References
3483:GeoJournal
3309:0253214181
3276:0521389267
2961:underwent
2797:cantonists
2521:Azerbaijan
2513:Quba rayon
2497:Azerbaijan
2448:Ashkenazic
2308:Maximalism
2260:Secularism
2240:Autonomism
2057:Literature
1850:Humanistic
1454:Azerbaijan
1416:Uzbekistan
1391:Tajikistan
1311:Kyrgyzstan
1296:Kazakhstan
1143:Mozambique
1118:Madagascar
1038:Cape Verde
990:New Yishuv
985:Old Yishuv
936:Population
914:Subbotniks
872:Samaritans
811:Romanyotim
754:Ashkenazim
696:Old Yishuv
676:Sabbateans
663:Modern era
655:Golden Age
587:Bar Kokhba
307:Beit Yosef
174:Philosophy
6208:Venezuela
6023:Australia
6018:Argentina
5999:By region
5928:Expulsion
5788:Metapedia
5783:Jew Watch
5469:in Arabic
5235:Geography
5230:Economics
5109:Republics
5097:Republics
5085:Republics
4936:Languages
4800:Transport
4682:Holodomor
4575:Militsiya
4513:President
4405:Stalinism
4307:Elections
4181:Republics
4164:Geography
4154:Nostalgia
4066:Stalinism
3877:Refusenik
3250:Footnotes
2974:Holocaust
2914:Ashkenazi
2896:, in the
2885:romanized
2708:New World
2688:Holocaust
2626:Russified
2599:Refusenik
2587:Palestine
2585:left for
2553:Russian:
2550:‹See Tfd›
2525:Judeo-Tat
2484:Ashkenazi
2412:and the
2318:Religious
2174:Zarphatic
2164:Bukharian
2134:Judeo-Tat
2119:Yeshivish
2093:Languages
2048:Sephardic
2038:Israelite
2028:Ethiopian
2018:Ashkenazi
1957:Religious
1747:Australia
1729:Venezuela
1635:Argentina
1617:Greenland
1529:Lithuania
1381:Sri Lanka
1376:Singapore
1301:Kurdistan
1266:Indonesia
1256:Hong Kong
1209:Abayudaya
1133:Mauritius
867:Igbo Jews
857:Krymchaks
776:Sephardim
644:relations
538:Sadducees
534:Pharisees
524:Sanhedrin
439:Jerusalem
199:Synagogue
67:Etymology
6176:Pakistan
6110:Imperial
5887:Judensau
5844:Boycotts
5803:Redwatch
5793:Podblanc
5656:May Laws
5615:Judensau
5319:Timeline
5287:Three Ds
5270:Americas
5152:Category
4705:Religion
4592:Chairmen
4438:Congress
4400:Leninism
4380:Propiska
4275:Politics
4134:Glasnost
4094:Cold War
4034:February
3584:52418128
3457:(1998).
3428:16 April
3401:Archived
3363:(eds.).
3326:Archived
3296:(2001).
3025:See also
3009:Glasnost
2908:annexed
2898:Caucasus
2874:Georgian
2861:Shechita
2830:deported
2802:artisans
2720:and the
2680:Viciebsk
2676:Babrujsk
2672:Mahiliou
2591:Tel Aviv
2583:Dagestan
2573:. After
2466:. After
2345:Category
2303:Kahanism
2250:Feminism
2222:Politics
2106:Biblical
2076:American
2023:Bukharan
2013:American
1913:Shidduch
1889:Clothing
1845:Haymanot
1791:Orthodox
1719:Suriname
1702:Paraguay
1655:Colombia
1554:Portugal
1464:Bulgaria
1401:Thailand
1351:Pakistan
1331:Mongolia
1326:Malaysia
1246:Cambodia
1220:Zimbabwe
1195:Tanzania
1073:Eswatini
1063:Ethiopia
1053:Djibouti
1033:Cameroon
1028:Botswana
957:Diaspora
919:Noahides
892:Marranos
816:Cochinim
801:Bukharim
791:Gruzinim
781:Teimanim
771:Mizrahim
759:Galician
725:conflict
681:Hasidism
671:Haskalah
581:Diaspora
452:timeline
364:Timeline
277:Rabbinic
184:Kabbalah
159:Marriage
135:Tzedakah
125:Holidays
83:Religion
46:a series
44:Part of
6196:History
6132:Ukraine
6100:Romania
6085:Hungary
6075:Germany
6058:Belgium
6053:Austria
5908:Pogroms
5240:History
5225:Canards
5073:Symbols
4986:Fashion
4968:Culture
4882:Society
4827:Science
4792:Rouble
4734:Economy
4710:Science
4520:Premier
4501:Offices
4363:Leaders
4283:General
4251:Siberia
4224:Regions
4198:Oblasts
4039:October
4016:History
3855:Zionism
3725:History
3016:⁄
2983:ghettos
2979:Germany
2947:Ukraine
2919:Zionism
2894:Georgia
2845:Georgia
2810:Tallinn
2788:Russian
2783:Estonia
2767:Estonia
2713:pogroms
2660:Belarus
2632:Belarus
2618:Czarist
2614:Toronto
2579:Zionism
2533:Yiddish
2488:Mizrahi
2480:Yerevan
2476:Armenia
2464:Ukraine
2456:Yerevan
2452:Mizrahi
2428:Armenia
2288:General
2279:Zionism
2255:Leftism
2245:Bundism
2169:Knaanic
2129:Yevanic
2114:Yiddish
2071:Yiddish
2066:Israeli
2043:Mizrahi
2033:Israeli
2004:Cuisine
1980:Ancient
1962:Secular
1908:Kashrut
1884:Wedding
1871:Customs
1863:Culture
1840:Science
1835:Renewal
1825:Karaite
1806:Hasidic
1738:Oceania
1724:Uruguay
1692:Jamaica
1672:Ecuador
1640:Bolivia
1584:Ukraine
1559:Romania
1534:Moldova
1514:Hungary
1504:Germany
1499:Georgia
1489:Finland
1484:Estonia
1479:Denmark
1474:Czechia
1459:Belarus
1449:Austria
1444:Armenia
1421:Vietnam
1336:Myanmar
1321:Lebanon
1241:Bahrain
1200:Tunisia
1178:Somalia
1153:Nigeria
1148:Namibia
1138:Morocco
1068:Eritrea
1013:Algeria
897:Neofiti
806:Italkim
796:Juhurim
701:Zionism
550:Sicarii
546:Zealots
542:Essenes
529:Schisms
394:Leaders
356:General
348:History
291:Tosefta
286:Midrash
263:Mishnah
245:Ketuvim
240:Nevi'im
189:Customs
120:Shabbat
115:Halakha
107: (
105:Mitzvot
92: (
58:Judaism
6186:Turkey
6161:Mexico
6127:Sweden
6115:Soviet
6105:Russia
6095:Norway
6080:Greece
6063:France
6048:Europe
6028:Canada
5864:Mellah
5811:(blog)
5621:Pogrom
5260:Nazism
5092:Emblem
5080:Anthem
5028:Sports
4981:Cinema
4976:Ballet
4958:Racism
4931:Family
4421:Bodies
4009:topics
3791:Komzet
3780:(EKSM)
3774:(EKP)
3745:(JAO)
3670:
3660:
3622:online
3599:
3582:
3572:
3373:
3306:
3273:
2936:Russia
2923:aliyah
2876::
2868:, 1940
2684:Homiel
2682:, and
2650:, 1941
2595:aliyah
2440:Poland
2350:Portal
2209:Domari
2139:Shassi
2100:Hebrew
1995:Humour
1939:Hiloni
1934:Aliyah
1894:Niddah
1879:Minyan
1814:Reform
1801:Haredi
1796:Modern
1697:Mexico
1682:Guyana
1645:Brazil
1607:Canada
1579:Sweden
1569:Serbia
1564:Russia
1549:Poland
1544:Norway
1524:Latvia
1509:Greece
1494:France
1469:Cyprus
1435:Europe
1406:Turkey
1396:Taiwan
1306:Kuwait
1291:Jordan
1281:Israel
1215:Zambia
1205:Uganda
1123:Malawi
1093:Guinea
1083:Gambia
1018:Angola
1004:Africa
887:Dönmeh
882:Anusim
826:Berber
764:Litvak
716:Israel
622:
559:
473:Second
441:
302:Targum
268:Gemara
254:Talmud
226:Tanakh
179:Ethics
130:Prayer
6156:Japan
6122:Spain
6090:Italy
6038:Chile
6033:China
5367:Islam
5324:19th
5023:Radio
5001:Opera
4996:Music
4899:Crime
4670:Gulag
4548:Cheka
4193:Krais
3923:Nativ
3668:JSTOR
3642:(PDF)
2832:into
2814:Tartu
2790:Tsar
2761:Minsk
2727:czars
2668:Pinsk
2664:Minsk
2610:Haifa
2298:Labor
2293:Green
1990:Dance
1948:Music
1767:Palau
1687:Haiti
1650:Chile
1574:Spain
1519:Italy
1426:Yemen
1386:Syria
1361:Qatar
1341:Nepal
1286:Japan
1261:India
1251:China
1190:Sudan
1113:Libya
1108:Kenya
1088:Ghana
1078:Gabon
1058:Egypt
1043:Benin
902:Xueta
847:Lemba
466:First
331:Zohar
235:Torah
217:Texts
204:Rabbi
194:Rites
94:names
5337:21st
5332:20th
5104:Flag
5062:List
4870:List
4782:OGAS
4675:List
4558:NKVD
4346:LGBT
4334:List
4300:1977
4295:1936
3796:OZET
3658:ISBN
3597:ISBN
3580:OCLC
3570:ISBN
3547:2016
3522:2016
3430:2013
3371:ISBN
3304:ISBN
3271:ISBN
2702:and
2620:and
2577:all
2569:and
2450:and
2444:Iran
2442:and
2414:USSR
2388:The
1757:Guam
1752:Fiji
1707:Peru
1660:Cuba
1346:Oman
1316:Laos
1276:Iraq
1271:Iran
1228:Asia
1157:Igbo
1128:Mali
147:Brit
56:and
54:Jews
4587:KGB
4582:MGB
4570:MVD
4553:GPU
4353:Law
3650:doi
1971:Art
317:Tur
109:613
6225::
5326:C.
4619:•
4615:•
3666:.
3656:.
3648:.
3578:.
3538:.
3513:.
3500:^
3480:.
3461:.
3411:^
3359:;
3285:^
2969:.
2882:,
2864:,
2821:.
2698:,
2694:,
2678:,
2674:,
2670:,
2666:,
2565:,
2547:;
2543::
2539:;
2535::
2531:;
2527::
2493:.
2424:.
584:,
578:,
548:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
48:on
5203:e
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5189:v
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3624:.
3605:.
3586:.
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3432:.
3379:.
3018:4
3014:3
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628:)
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566:)
561:(
552:)
532:(
475:)
464:(
454:)
443:(
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96:)
20:)
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