1732:"In Vedic, noun compounds are hardly more frequent than in Homeric Greek, but their frequency increases throughout the history of the language.. in the later language the occurrence in a single short sentence of several compounds of four or five members is perfectly normal, and in certain styles compounds of twenty or more members are not thought excessive" - Coulson
264:
The following sections give an outline of the main types of compounds with examples. The examples demonstrate the composition of the compound's elements, and the meanings in
English generally correspond to them, in most cases being a similar compound as well. Where this is not the case or the meaning
60:
However, Sanskrit, especially in the later stages of the language, significantly expands on this both in terms of the number of elements making up a single compound and the volume of compound-usage in the literature, a development which is unique within Indo-European to
Sanskrit and closely related
1322:
The second element could essentially have been a noun, which within such a compound, can take on adjective declensions with the compound used adjectivally. Endocentric compounds can thus be transformed into possessives, normally accompanied, and explicitly recognized in the older language, by a
452:
compound, the first element qualifies the second one adjectively when the latter is a noun. When the second member is an adjective, the qualification is adverbial. Other parts of speech besides adjectives and adverbs may be used to obtain the adjective or adverbial qualification.
1885:
To illustrate the importance of correct accentuation, the grammarian Patañjali (living around 150 BCE) is said to have cited the story of Vṛtra, who on account of the wrong accent used on this compound ends up instead of being Indra's killer, himself killed by
1895:
Indeed in later
Sanskrit, the tendency to use compounds instead of verb-based clauses is so strong, in a classical drama, to express gratitude for having children who are alive, one would say the equivalent of 'thank heaven, I'm alive-childed':
1007:
is an enumerative word, the meaning of which refers to all its constituent members. The resultant compound word is in the dual or plural number and takes the gender of the final member in the compound construction. Examples:
291:
compounds are identified as seen in the classification above. A further distinction is also made based on whether the attributive is in the nominative or an oblique case.
1565:('indeclinable') are adverbial compounds composed of an indeclinable element (an adverb, etc.) and a noun, together expressing an adverb or another indeclinable (
83:
In the later language, this process can be repeated recursively—in theory, ad infinitum, with the freshly made compound becoming the first element of a new one.
1114:, and sometimes the words may comprise all the constituent parts of the whole. The resultant bears a collective sense and is always singular and neutral.
761:
These are composed of a second member that occurs only in a compound and cannot stand on its own. These are either roots or verbal derivatives from them.
1315:
would be "lowlife" and "blockhead" (they respectively denote 'one whose life is low' and 'one whose head resembles a block'), or the
English surname
1741:
This process suggests the possibility of an early stage of Proto-Indo-European where words could appear in a sentence without case terminations.
2541:
2503:
2446:
2389:
2351:
1311:
compound can often be translated by "possessing..." or "-ed"; for example, "possessing much rice" or "much-riced". In
English, examples of
64:
Further, this development in the later language is an entirely artificial, literary construct and does not reflect the spoken language.
86:
The process of 'resolving' the compound, i.e., expounding the meaning using the component words declined as in sentence form is termed
2560:
2522:
2484:
2465:
2427:
2408:
2370:
2332:
163:
Indeed, this term 'bahuvrihi' is used both in
Sanskrit and standard Indo-European linguistics to denote this type of compound.
2589:
1250:
While not strictly copulative, this is a compound consisting of the same word repeated with the first occurrence accented.
1709:
261:
has also been adopted in mainstream Indo-European linguistics as the technical term denoting this type of compounding.
1704:
94:
2579:
1699:
1694:
115:, is where the compound is essentially the sum of its parts, the meaning being an extension of one of the parts:
301:
The first member here is an attributive in an oblique relationship with the second, and are therefore termed
42:
1689:
38:
1301:
533:
1297:
34:
2584:
879:
compound, in contrast to the standard pattern of being in stem form, the first element takes a
2556:
2537:
2518:
2499:
2480:
2461:
2442:
2423:
2404:
2385:
2366:
2347:
2328:
1674:
1684:
281:
54:
46:
253:, are Indo-European inheritances, the latter two are Indic innovations. Alongside the term
989:
stems connected with "and" (copulative or co-ordinative). There are mainly three kinds of
1810:(a 'that-man', in the sense of 'that person's man', i.e., 'someone's agent') is itself a
174:
In traditional
Sanskrit grammar, compounds are divided into the following main classes:
1679:
929:
72:
In
Sanskrit, as in Proto-Indo-European, a compound is formed by the following process:
50:
280:
is an endocentric compound composed of two elements, wherein the first one, named the
2573:
1827:
itself is an example of dvigu: lit. 'two-cow', used in the sense of 'worth two cows'.
159:'bahu·vrīhi' → lit. 'much-rice', i.e., possessing much rice: an indication of wealth
1166:, where only one stem remains in what is viewed as the compound of multiple words.
1040:
966:
1288:
1316:
880:
1914:
itself, which as a bahuvrīhi means ' two-cow '; i.e., one who has two cows (
650:
287:
Based on the grammatical nature of the attributive member, six varieties of
166:
Sanskrit expands on these to provide several further distinctions as below:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1566:
30:
17:
1714:
1111:
1759:
the specific presidential residence, not just any house that is white
1033:
76:
Take the stem-form of the first element, i.e., remove its inflexion;
143:
An exocentric compound refers to something outside the components:
1029:
1797:
accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive, or locative
532:
can refer to several compound types where the first element is a
1256:
compounds are used to express repetitiveness; for example, from
986:
1296:
is an exocentric compound consisting of a noun preceded by a
536:. Dvigu-tatpuruṣa compounds are a special subcategory of
79:
Combine the two elements with a single accented syllable.
1145:'food, sleep and fear' ⇒ vicissitudes, features of life
1750:
a particular species, not just any bird that is black
93:
Broadly, compounds can be divided into two classes:
1158:Some Sanskrit grammarians identify a third kind of
2477:An Introduction to Modern English Word-Formation
265:is not clear, a further resolution is provided.
1110:Words may be organised in a compound to form a
2031:
2029:
1300:which, taken together, functions as a single
8:
2498:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2045:
2043:
2041:
1419:vessel-handed: holding a vessel in the hand
1097:disease, pain, grief, bondage and adversity
128:→ the official residence of the US president
1962:
1960:
1958:
1409:honeytongue, honey-tongued: talking nicely
1457:A few typical examples of such compounds:
1358:A few typical examples of such compounds:
156:→ someone who picks someone else's pockets
2536:. NY: American Inst of Buddhist Studies.
2001:
1999:
1642:per-strength: according to one's ability
2380:Whitney, William Dwight (January 2008).
2327:(2003 ed.). Great Britain: Oxford.
1573:
1459:
1360:
1354:, 'possessing the brightness of the sun'
1168:
1116:
1010:
885:
763:
679:
542:
455:
307:
111:An endocentric compound, usually called
1936:
1725:
1319:('one who lives in a long "botham" ').
2555:(1993 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2460:(2002 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2422:(2000 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2384:(2000 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2365:(2001 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
1548:thousandname: having a thousand names
1399:alive-childed: having living children
2515:An Introduction to English Morphology
2420:A Vedic Sanskrit Grammar for Students
1446:is a numeral, the compound is called
1135:'hands and feet' ⇒ limbs, appendages
1093:roga·śoka·parītāpa·bandhana·vyasanāni
7:
1454:('one who has half of their mind').
37:language, the capability of forming
2513:Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew (2002).
410:sacrifice-knowledge: the knowledge
2418:Macdonnel, Arthur Anthony (1993).
2399:Macdonnel, Arthur Anthony (1997).
2346:(2010 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
2344:Indo-European Language and Culture
1264:('day after day', daily) and from
948:'lord of the sky': a name of Indra
862:all-knowing: an omniscient person
25:
2532:Tubb, Gary; Boose, Emery (2007).
1876:'much-riced', i.e., a rich person
649:compound, the first element is a
1518:eight-sonned: having eight sons
1450:. An English example would be a
1237:'sons and daughters' ⇒ children
993:pair constructions in Sanskrit:
2496:Introducing English Linguistics
2401:A Sanskrit Grammar for Students
2517:. Edinburgh University Press.
1662:inter-water: within the water
1652:simultaneously with the wheel
1199:'mother and father' ⇒ parents
33:inherits from its parent, the
1:
985:These consist of two or more
822:Manu-born, born of Manu, man
284:, determines the second one.
2551:Deshpande, Madhav M (1993).
2342:Fortson, Benjamin W (2010).
1908:An example will be the word
1442:When the first element of a
2229:Tubb & Boose, §173-174.
1921:
1916:
1910:
1567:
393:tiger-thought: the thought
41:nouns, also widely seen in
2606:
2437:Goldman, Robert P (2019).
1334:, 'having Indra as killer'
1286:
571:three-world: the universe
561:(the battle of) two kings
27:Aspect of Sanskrit grammar
2458:A Higher Sanskrit Grammar
2325:Sanskrit (Teach yourself)
2323:Coulson, Michael (2003).
1695:Proto-Indo-European verbs
1344:, 'having great chariots'
728:non-knowledge: ignorance
718:non-master: not a master
359:Viṣṇu-offering: offering
2310:Tubb & Boose, §1.48.
2130:Tubb & Boose, §1.59.
2121:Tubb & Boose, §1.58.
2094:Tubb & Boose, §1.56.
2085:Tubb & Boose, §1.54.
1898:diṣṭyā, jīvita·vats'âsmi
1612:near the king; kingside
1323:change in accentuation:
1218:'does and bucks' ⇒ deer
1077:the gods and the demons
792:well-doing, a good deed
665:, just like the English
303:dependent determinatives
245:The first two of these,
2494:Meyer, Charles (2009).
2475:Adams, Valerie (1987).
2403:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1350:, 'sun's brightness' ⇒
1276:('deity after deity').
812:self-ruling: sovereign
708:non-horse: not a horse
621:thousand days' journey
150:→ someone with red hair
134:→ lion-city (Singapore)
1690:Vedic Sanskrit grammar
1340:, 'a great chariot' ⇒
852:water-giving: a cloud
634:type are noted below.
450:karmadhāraya-tatpuruṣa
442:Karmadhāraya-tatpuruṣa
376:heaven-fallen: fallen
122:→ a type of black bird
45:languages, especially
2590:Linguistic morphology
2363:The Sanskrit Language
1777:that is, not a pocket
1330:, 'Indra's killer' ⇒
1302:nominalised adjective
1087:elephants and horses
928:'word for self': the
883:as if in a sentence:
601:ten fingers' breadth
107:Endocentric compounds
2553:Sanskrit and Prakrit
2439:Deva·vāṇī́·praveśikā
1602:behind the chariots
1592:concerning the self
1582:Meaning, resolution
1468:Meaning, resolution
1369:Meaning, resolution
1298:grammatical modifier
1245:Āmreḍita (iterative)
1019:Meaning, resolution
891:First Element → Word
772:Meaning, resolution
748:unbelief, non-creed
688:Meaning, resolution
551:Meaning, resolution
464:Meaning, resolution
139:Exocentric compounds
2534:Scholastic Sanskrit
1845:enumerative dvandva
1836:called a bound form
1768:that is, not a head
1710:Proto-Indo-European
1575:
1461:
1362:
1170:
1118:
1012:
894:Meaning, resolution
887:
765:
681:
544:
457:
316:Meaning, resolution
309:
35:Proto-Indo-European
2456:Kale, M R (1969).
2361:Burrow, T (2001).
1854:one-(stem)-remains
1705:Proto-Indo-Iranian
1574:
1460:
1389:strong-shouldered
1361:
1169:
1141:āhāra·nidrā·bhayam
1125:Literal ⇒ Meaning
1117:
1011:
965:'firm in battle':
886:
764:
680:
591:the triple heaven
543:
456:
308:
2543:978-0-9753734-7-7
2505:978-0-521-83350-9
2479:. Longman Group.
2448:978-0-944613-40-5
2391:978-81-208-0620-7
2353:978-1-4051-8895-1
2265:Deshpande, p. 24.
1943:Coulson, p. xxii.
1675:Sanskrit nominals
1666:
1665:
1622:towards the fire
1552:
1551:
1433:
1432:
1241:
1240:
1149:
1148:
1101:
1100:
1047:heaven and earth
1005:itaretara-dvandva
998:Itaretara-dvandva
975:
974:
866:
865:
782:joining together
756:Upapada-tatpuruṣa
752:
751:
673:or Greek-derived
625:
624:
518:
517:
484:all good quality
438:
437:
427:house-born: born
342:god-given: given
16:(Redirected from
2597:
2580:Sanskrit grammar
2566:
2547:
2528:
2509:
2490:
2471:
2452:
2433:
2414:
2395:
2382:Sanskrit Grammar
2376:
2357:
2338:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2284:
2283:Coulson, p. 122.
2281:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2049:Coulson, pp. 87.
2047:
2036:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1953:
1952:Coulson, p. xxi.
1950:
1944:
1941:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1863:compare Spanish
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1700:Proto-Indo-Aryan
1685:Sanskrit grammar
1576:
1570:
1538:hundred-toothed
1462:
1363:
1268:(god) we obtain
1260:(day) we obtain
1171:
1162:which they call
1119:
1105:Samāhāra-dvandva
1057:rice and barley
1013:
911:done with might
888:
766:
682:
669:, Latin-derived
545:
458:
397:it being a tiger
310:
296:Tatpuruṣa proper
21:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2550:
2544:
2531:
2525:
2512:
2506:
2493:
2487:
2474:
2468:
2455:
2449:
2436:
2430:
2417:
2411:
2398:
2392:
2379:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2341:
2335:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:Whitney, §1313.
2300:
2296:
2292:Whitney, §1300.
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:Burrow, p. 215.
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:Whitney, §1293.
2246:
2242:
2238:Whitney, §1260.
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:Kale, §188-189.
2219:
2215:
2211:Whitney, §1253.
2210:
2206:
2202:Burrow, p. 217.
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:Kale, §208, 215
2147:
2143:
2139:Whitney, §1286.
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:Whitney, §1288.
2111:
2107:
2103:Whitney, §1312.
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:Whitney, §1279.
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2023:Fortson, §6.82.
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:Whitney, §1246.
1974:
1970:
1966:Burrow, p. 209.
1965:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1818:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1671:
1560:
1440:
1437:Dvigu-bahuvrīhi
1379:peacock-plumed
1291:
1285:
1248:
1164:ekaśeṣa-dvandva
1156:
1153:Ekaśeṣa-dvandva
1108:
1001:
983:
981:(co-ordinative)
930:reflexive voice
873:
759:
643:
611:six day's time
526:
522:Dvigu-tatpuruṣa
446:
329:victory-seeking
299:
274:
272:(determinative)
172:
141:
109:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2548:
2542:
2529:
2523:
2510:
2504:
2491:
2485:
2472:
2466:
2453:
2447:
2434:
2428:
2415:
2409:
2396:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2358:
2352:
2339:
2333:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2175:Whitney, §361.
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2037:
2025:
2016:
2014:Meyer, p. 179.
2007:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1954:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1901:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1816:
1799:
1790:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Sanskrit verbs
1677:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1508:seven-tongued
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:mayū́ra·roman-
1371:
1370:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1284:
1278:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1025:mitrā́·váruṇau
1021:
1020:
1017:
1003:The result of
1000:
995:
982:
976:
973:
972:
969:
963:
953:
952:
949:
946:
936:
935:
932:
926:
916:
915:
912:
909:
899:
898:
895:
892:
877:aluk-tatpuruṣa
872:
870:Aluk-tatpuruṣa
867:
864:
863:
860:
854:
853:
850:
844:
843:
840:
834:
833:
832:self-existent
830:
824:
823:
820:
814:
813:
810:
804:
803:
800:
794:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
774:
773:
770:
758:
753:
750:
749:
746:
740:
739:
736:
730:
729:
726:
720:
719:
716:
710:
709:
706:
700:
699:
696:
690:
689:
686:
642:
636:
623:
622:
619:
613:
612:
609:
603:
602:
599:
593:
592:
589:
583:
582:
579:
573:
572:
569:
563:
562:
559:
553:
552:
549:
525:
519:
516:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
496:
495:
492:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
472:
466:
465:
462:
445:
439:
436:
435:
432:
425:
419:
418:
415:
408:
402:
401:
398:
391:
389:vyāghra·buddhi
385:
384:
381:
374:
372:svarga·patitá-
368:
367:
364:
357:
351:
350:
347:
340:
334:
333:
330:
327:
321:
320:
317:
314:
298:
293:
273:
267:
243:
242:
237:
232:
231:
230:
220:
219:
218:
213:
204:
199:
198:
197:
187:
171:
170:Classification
168:
161:
160:
157:
151:
140:
137:
136:
135:
129:
123:
108:
105:
81:
80:
77:
69:
66:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2602:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2564:
2562:81-208-1136-4
2558:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2524:0-7486-1326-9
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2486:0-582-55042-4
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2467:81-208-0177-6
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2429:81-208-1053-8
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2410:81-246-0094-5
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2372:81-208-1767-2
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2334:0-340-32389-2
2330:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2005:Adams, p. 35.
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1544:sahásra·nāman
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1429:donkey-faced
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1395:jīvitá·vatsa-
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1352:sū́rya·tejas-
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:moon and sun
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1042:dyāvā·pṛthivī
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1006:
999:
996:
994:
992:
988:
980:
977:
970:
968:
964:
962:
961:yudhi·ṣṭhira-
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
945:
941:
938:
937:
933:
931:
927:
925:
921:
918:
917:
914:Instrumental
913:
910:
908:
904:
901:
900:
896:
893:
890:
889:
884:
882:
878:
871:
868:
861:
859:
856:
855:
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
839:
836:
835:
831:
829:
826:
825:
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
799:
796:
795:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
767:
762:
757:
754:
747:
745:
742:
741:
738:unyoung: old
737:
735:
732:
731:
727:
725:
722:
721:
717:
715:
712:
711:
707:
705:
702:
701:
697:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
653:, a negator:
652:
648:
647:nañ-tatpuruṣa
640:
639:Nañ-tatpuruṣa
637:
635:
633:
630:compounds of
629:
620:
618:
615:
614:
610:
608:
605:
604:
600:
598:
595:
594:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
578:
575:
574:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
558:
555:
554:
550:
547:
546:
541:
539:
538:karmadhārayas
535:
531:
523:
520:
513:
511:
508:
507:
503:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
481:
478:
477:
473:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
459:
454:
451:
444:(descriptive)
443:
440:
433:
430:
426:
424:
421:
420:
416:
413:
409:
407:
404:
403:
399:
396:
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
379:
375:
373:
370:
369:
365:
362:
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:Instrumental
348:
345:
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
319:Relationship
318:
315:
312:
311:
306:
304:
297:
294:
292:
290:
285:
283:
279:
271:
268:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
241:
238:
236:
233:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
217:
214:
212:
208:
205:
203:
202:Nañ-tatpuruṣa
200:
196:
193:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
175:
169:
167:
164:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
144:
138:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
116:
114:
113:determinative
106:
104:
102:
101:
97:
91:
89:
88:vigraha·vākya
84:
78:
75:
74:
73:
67:
65:
62:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2552:
2533:
2514:
2495:
2476:
2457:
2438:
2419:
2400:
2381:
2362:
2343:
2324:
2317:Bibliography
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2019:
2010:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1948:
1939:
1904:
1897:
1891:
1881:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1793:
1787:samāsa·vṛtti
1786:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1632:every night
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1563:Avyayībhāvas
1562:
1561:
1555:
1543:
1533:
1528:nine-doored
1523:
1513:
1504:saptá·jihva-
1503:
1498:four-limbed
1493:
1483:
1478:one-wheeled
1473:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1425:khara-mukha-
1424:
1415:pátra·hasta-
1414:
1405:mádhu·jihva-
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1357:
1351:
1348:sūrya·tejás-
1347:
1342:bṛhád·ratha-
1341:
1338:bṛhad·ratha-
1337:
1332:índra·śatru-
1331:
1328:indra·śatrú-
1327:
1321:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1283:(possessive)
1280:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1140:
1130:
1109:
1104:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1063:candrādityau
1062:
1052:
1041:
1024:
1004:
1002:
997:
990:
984:
978:
960:
956:
943:
939:
924:ātmane·pada-
923:
919:
906:
902:
876:
874:
869:
857:
847:
837:
827:
817:
807:
798:kumbha·kāra-
797:
787:
777:
760:
755:
743:
733:
723:
713:
703:
698:non-Brahmin
693:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
646:
644:
638:
631:
627:
626:
617:sahasrâhṇyá-
616:
606:
596:
586:
576:
567:tri·bhuvana-
566:
556:
537:
529:
527:
524:(numerative)
521:
510:rajata·pātrá
509:
499:
494:dear friend
489:
479:
469:
449:
447:
441:
428:
422:
411:
405:
394:
388:
377:
371:
360:
354:
343:
337:
324:
302:
300:
295:
288:
286:
277:
275:
269:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
244:
239:
234:
227:
222:
215:
210:
206:
201:
194:
190:Karmadhāraya
189:
183:
178:
173:
165:
162:
153:
147:
142:
131:
125:
119:
112:
110:
99:
95:
92:
87:
85:
82:
71:
63:
59:
29:
2256:Kale, §246.
2193:Kale, §187.
2184:Kale, §217.
2166:Kale, §215.
2157:Kale, §206.
2067:Kale, §203.
2058:Kale, §200.
2035:Kale, §201.
1993:Kale, §184.
1867:⇒ 'parents'
1658:antar·jalam
1638:yathā·śakti
1628:prati·niśam
1571:) element.
1558:(adverbial)
1556:Avyayībhāva
1524:náva·dvāra-
1514:aṣṭá·putra-
1494:cátur·aṅga-
1488:one-footed
1270:deváṃ-devam
1083:hasty·aśvās
1053:vrīhi·yavaú
907:ojasā·kṛtá-
828:svayam·bhū́
581:three ages
528:In essence
514:silver cup
504:great-sage
490:priya·sakha
474:blue lotus
406:yajur·veda-
338:deva·dattá-
332:Accusative
325:jaya·prepsu
282:attributive
240:Avyayībhāva
132:siṃha·purás
126:White House
96:endocentric
61:languages.
53:, and also
2574:Categories
1984:Kale, §180
1932:References
1618:praty·agni
1598:anu·ratham
1588:adhy·ātmam
1474:éka·cakra-
1385:ugrá·bāhu-
1317:Longbottom
1287:See also:
1274:devó-devas
1177:Resolution
1131:pāṇi·pādam
1073:devāsurā́s
944:divas·pati
842:only-born
802:pot-maker
694:á·brāhmaṇa
641:(negative)
597:daśâṅgulá-
480:sarva·guṇa
423:gṛha·jata-
355:viṣṇu·bali
154:pickpocket
100:exocentric
68:Background
2585:Vyakarana
1823:The word
1814:compound.
1812:tatpuruṣa
1808:tatpuruṣa
1806:The word
1648:sa·cakram
1608:upa·rājam
1534:śatá·dant
1444:bahuvrīhi
1313:bahuvrīhi
1309:bahuvrīhi
1294:Bahuvrīhi
1289:Bahuvrīhi
1281:Bahuvrīhi
1262:divé-dive
1233:duhitaraḥ
971:Locative
951:Genitive
881:case form
858:sarva·jñá
744:á·śraddhā
671:in-, non-
651:privative
632:bahuvrīhi
577:tri·yugá-
557:dvi·rājá-
470:nīlôtpala
434:Locative
431:the house
417:Genitive
414:sacrifice
400:Genitive
383:Ablative
289:tatpuruṣa
278:tatpuruṣa
270:Tatpuruṣa
259:tatpuruṣa
255:bahuvrīhi
251:bahuvrīhi
247:tatpuruṣa
223:Bahuvrīhi
184:Tatpuruṣa
179:Tatpuruṣa
120:blackbird
18:Tatpuruṣa
1669:See also
1254:Āmreḍita
1180:Meaning
1174:Compound
808:sva·rā́j
734:á·kumāra
607:ṣaḍ·ahá-
587:tri·divá
500:maha·rṣí
346:the gods
39:compound
31:Sanskrit
1715:Kenning
1484:éka·pad
1452:halfwit
1186:pitarau
1160:dvandva
1112:metonym
991:dvandva
979:Dvandva
934:Dative
848:jala·dá
818:manu·já
788:su·kṛ́t
724:á·vidyā
704:án·aśva
675:a-, an-
534:numeral
366:Dative
235:Dvandva
216:Upapada
148:redhead
55:English
43:kindred
2559:
2540:
2521:
2502:
2483:
2464:
2445:
2426:
2407:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2331:
1886:Indra!
1865:padres
1825:dvi·gu
1568:avyaya
1229:putrāḥ
1224:putrāḥ
1034:Varuṇa
967:a name
875:In an
838:eka·já
778:sa·yúj
714:á·pati
380:heaven
186:proper
47:German
1922:gāvau
1911:dvigu
1721:Notes
1448:dvigu
1266:devá-
1210:mṛgaḥ
1205:mṛgāḥ
1030:Mitra
940:dyaus
920:ātman
897:Case
645:In a
628:dvigu
530:dvigu
448:In a
363:Viṣṇu
228:Dvigu
207:Prādi
195:Dvigu
51:Greek
2557:ISBN
2538:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2500:ISBN
2481:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2424:ISBN
2405:ISBN
2386:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2329:ISBN
1917:dvau
1579:Word
1465:Word
1366:Word
1258:dív-
1214:mṛgā
1195:pitā
1191:mātā
1122:Word
1032:and
1016:Word
987:noun
957:yudh
903:ojas
769:Word
685:Word
548:Word
461:Word
378:from
313:Word
249:and
211:gati
209:and
98:and
1272:or
667:un-
663:na-
661:or
659:an-
2576::
2441:.
2040:^
2028:^
1998:^
1957:^
1925:).
1307:A
1304:.
1231:+
1212:+
1193:+
959:→
942:→
922:→
905:→
677:.
657:,
655:a-
540:.
429:in
412:of
395:of
361:to
344:by
305:.
276:A
257:,
103:.
90:.
57:.
49:,
2565:.
2546:.
2527:.
2508:.
2489:.
2470:.
2451:.
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