3987:
2921:
4059:
4070:
3910:
4181:
3799:
2412:
4107:, many of whom emigrated in the following years. Meanwhile, the Jewish population in Germany actually grew as a result of emigration from Eastern Europe at this time. At the end of the 1990s, there were barely more than 7000 registered members of Vienna's Jewish community. Many of the Jews who live in Vienna today came to the city as refugees from Eastern Europe to begin a new life in the Austrian capital. Immigrants of Jewish origin from the lands of the former
2913:
3784:
3807:
2824:
3358:. As there was still officially no Jewish religious community, Mannheimer was employed as the “Director of the imperially approved public Israelite religious school of Vienna”. Mannheimer realised cautious reforms in Vienna without provoking a schism within the Jewish population, such as those that occurred in the majority of Jewish communities in Europe in the 19th century. With
3815:
3845:
Although around half of these new arrivals returned to their homes once the situation had calmed down on the eastern front, the entire Jewish community in Vienna and its relations with Vienna's
Christian population were put to the test by these events. The refugees were poverty-stricken, but work was
3435:
equally had high proportions of Jews. The Jews that lived in these areas made up the majority of Vienna's Jewish population and belonged for the most part to the lower or middle classes – they were manual labourers, craftsmen, small-scale businessmen (e.g. café owners) and traders. Wealthy Jews lived
4167:
continues to represent a centre of Jewish life in Vienna. The proportion of the population of Jewish religion is above average, at 3.1%. There are eight
Ashkenazi and three Sephardic synagogues or prayer houses in this district of the city, seven Jewish educational institutions, as well as numerous
4013:
of 9–10 November 1938. All synagogues and prayer houses in Vienna were destroyed except one – the
Stadttempel was the sole survivor because its location in a residential area prevented it from being burned down. Most Jewish shops were plundered and then closed down; over 6000 Jews were arrested in
3930:
was stabbed to death by an apolitical attacker who already had a criminal record, right-wing newspapers dubbed this the “Christian pogrom in
Leopoldstadt”, and from this moment onwards, Nazi hooligans were to be seen in Leopoldstadt. One of the first attacks on prominent establishments that these
3905:
and which concentrated their campaign advertising on fighting the social democrats for votes. Over time, almost all Jews came to vote for the social democrats, because the Jewish parties were seen as not strong enough, while all other parties were antisemitic and refused to accept Jewish members.
3942:
and the Jewish
Socialist Workers’ Youth. In the 1930s, some socialist, Jewish and Zionist movements united in committees for action, to organise street patrols and to take action against “Hakenkreuzler” (thugs bearing the swastika), who were attacking Jews. The first such group was the “Jüdische
3419:, Jews gained equal recognition under the law. As a consequence of equal recognition, the Jewish community in Vienna grew rapidly: in 1860, the Jewish community in Vienna numbered 6,200; in 1870, that number had already risen to 40,200, and at the turn of the century, to 147,000. Vienna's
3921:
Antisemitism became ever more pronounced during the first republic. In Jewish quarters, in particular in
Leopoldstadt, antisemitic organisations distributed their flyers and newspapers aimed at turning the Christian population against their Jewish neighbours. A protest at the
4033:
The Nazis dissolved Jewish organisations and institutions, hoping to force Jews to emigrate. Their plans succeeded – by the end of 1941, 130,000 Jews had left Vienna, 30,000 of whom went to the USA. They left behind all of their property, but were forced to pay the
4022:
applied in
Austria from May 1938; they were reinforced with innumerable anti-semitic decrees. Jews were gradually robbed of their freedoms, were blocked from almost all professions, were shut out of schools and universities, and were forced to wear the
3931:
groups instigated was the destruction of the well-known “Café Produktenbörse” in
December 1929. The attack on a prayer room in the Café Sperlhof in 1932 was particularly violent; praying Jews were beaten and the attackers laid waste to the building.
4085:
to come to a clear position with regard to its part of the responsibility for the horrors of the "Third Reich". In the 1980s, a shift in thinking took place that led to the declaration on the part of the
Austrian government in June 1991, in which
3888:
At this time, Vienna's Jews were divided into two groups. On the one hand, there were the Jews who had either lived for a long time in Vienna or who had been born there and who assimilated into
Christian society. On the other hand, there were
3862:) were the victims of many negative prejudices and because of their poverty were more frequently the targets of antisemitic attacks than wealthy assimilated Jews. It was not made easy for them to establish themselves in Vienna.
3427:, developed into the centre of Vienna's Jewish life at this time. The Jewish population in this area of the city soon represented half of the entire population in the district. The neighbouring districts of
3893:, who wished to live in line with traditional beliefs and practices. The community's voting habits also reveals a division; while the majority, made up for the most part of assimilated Jews, voted for the
3001:
In the year 1512, 12 Jewish families lived in Vienna. Although there was a ban until 1624 on new settlement, this was repeatedly circumvented through the granting of exceptions, to the point that a new
4002:
in March 1938, the estimated 206,000 population of Jews in Vienna faced severe harassment. They were driven through the streets of Vienna, their homes and shops were plundered and the process of
3986:
1045:
2975:) to adjudicate in disputes between Christians and Jews, but this judge was not empowered to rule in conflicts between two Jewish parties, unless one party filed a complaint with him.
4111:
in particular have strengthened the ranks of Vienna's Jewish population. In 1992, a Sephardic Centre was officially opened in the city, while in 1994, the Psychosocial Centre Esra (
1623:
1278:
973:
1165:
2633:
2373:
137:
4656:
4596:
1160:
3006:
was established in the Seegasse in 1582. Jews’ rights were further restricted in 1637, leading to the second expulsion of Vienna's Jewish population in 1669/70 under
2891:
At the end of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, Vienna was one of the most prominent centres of Jewish culture in Europe, but during the period of
1408:
3091:
in 1782, which granted civil rights to Jews in Austria. They were however still forbidden to form a religious community and to hold religious services in public.
4038:, a tax on all émigrés from the Third Reich; some received financial support from international aid organisations so that they could pay this tax. Following the
3054:
2920:
2638:
1662:
4412:
Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien 1930–1935 (Neue Folge. 3. Band) published by Magistratsabteilung für Statistik. Contains figures of 1910, 1923 und 1934.
4150:. The school thus forms part of a complex including a Jewish kindergarten, primary school, and grammar school for around 600 children, and is located near the
4441:
2852:
647:
610:
4637:
3405:
2892:
2704:
1586:
4919:
1609:
4934:
959:
703:
3029:, dire financial straits led to Austrian emperors relying on the aid of Jewish Bankers, in particular Samuel Oppenheimer and Samson Wertheimer.
4783:
4777:
2366:
1536:
1471:
1353:
3877:
prior to the 1670 expulsion by Emperor Leopold. The neighborhood's Jewish population later recovered, and by the interwar years was nicknamed
4841:
4812:
4551:
4521:
4468:
3033:
was appointed as a financier to the court in 1683; he was also responsible for the restoration of the cemetery. Oppenheimer was able to help
652:
2775:
1095:
4924:
1363:
1180:
1170:
410:
3894:
2932:
1759:
1709:
1674:
1368:
1233:
1100:
4709:
4683:
4338:
3873:. The community in Vienna numbered around 200,000. The majority of Viennese Jews lived in this neighborhood, which had served as the
4895:
4732:
4702:
4676:
4218:
4158:
3848:“While the Germans were condemning the Jews in the east to forced labour, the Austrians were condemning them to forced unemployment”
2359:
1451:
1413:
1388:
1308:
1293:
1140:
1080:
1035:
4748:
4058:
4093:
made the first explicit statement in parliament concerning the participation of Austrian citizens in the crimes of Nazi Germany.
3959:
3955:
3914:
3839:
3831:
2948:
2845:
2785:
2562:
1744:
1726:
1632:
1526:
1378:
1373:
1298:
1263:
1130:
3830:
and the first Austrian defeats on the eastern front, an exodus of 350,000 refugees began in the eastern regions of the empire (
2262:
2161:
1716:
1699:
1652:
1551:
1461:
1398:
1348:
1328:
1323:
1243:
1217:
1192:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1030:
1025:
4213:
2800:
2760:
2745:
1735:
1721:
1689:
1669:
1637:
1581:
1556:
1531:
1511:
1501:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1456:
1446:
1441:
1418:
1333:
1318:
1238:
1197:
1150:
1145:
1065:
1010:
30:
4124:
4063:
3084:
3007:
2765:
2156:
1694:
1679:
1642:
1604:
1576:
1566:
1561:
1546:
1541:
1521:
1506:
1491:
1466:
1432:
1403:
1303:
1288:
1212:
1202:
1120:
1090:
1015:
1001:
637:
3975:
2817:
2795:
1764:
1684:
1647:
1571:
1516:
1383:
1358:
1283:
1258:
1248:
1187:
1110:
1105:
1085:
1075:
1055:
1040:
933:
401:
396:
4929:
4050:. Of the more than 65,000 Viennese Jews who were deported to concentration camps, only a few more than 2000 survived.
2978:
The first Jews lived in the area near the Seitenstettengasse; from around 1280, they also lived around the modern-day
2838:
2805:
2780:
2770:
2755:
2391:
1754:
1749:
1704:
1657:
1343:
1313:
1273:
1268:
1125:
431:
4572:
4030:
According to the Government of Vienna, over 65,000 Viennese Jews were exported to concentration camps and murdered.
4914:
3854:
or salesmen, and many charity organisations sprung up to coordinate clothes donations and other campaigns, but the
3412:, meeting for the first time in July 1848, included four Jewish deputies, three of whom were elected from Vienna.
2656:
2464:
2228:
2073:
1781:
1175:
371:
361:
97:
718:
4015:
3874:
3835:
3416:
3073:
2982:. The centre of Jewish cultural and religious life was located here from the 13th to the 15th century, until the
2342:
2035:
1886:
1827:
4767:
4313:
4258:
4100:
4069:
4850:
4620:
Von einer Blüte ist keine Rede – Dennoch tut sich was in der jüdischen Gemeinde: Der Campus im Prater eröffnet.
3926:
organised by socialists and communists against such provocation ended in violence. When the German-nationalist
3065:
2952:
2676:
2045:
2025:
1135:
615:
156:
4854:
3788:
3362:, who was summoned to Vienna as a Rabbi in 1828, Mannheimer agitated for the abolition of the discriminatory
4286:
4228:
3902:
3846:
hard to come by and factories were unwilling to employ the refugees. The situation has been described thus:
3409:
3088:
2722:
2661:
2186:
2176:
2141:
2020:
2010:
1793:
964:
906:
740:
419:
376:
91:
4161:, however, believes that there are around 15,000 Jews in Austria; some sources speak of as many as 20,000.
3003:
2524:
2305:
2040:
1954:
1020:
572:
191:
161:
3923:
567:
4821:
4087:
4003:
3971:
3909:
2196:
2191:
2136:
1924:
839:
554:
449:
166:
4833:
4191:
Over the centuries, 93 synagogues have been founded in Vienna. The only synagogue to have survived the
4180:
3798:
4825:
4208:
4132:
3382:
3367:
3080:
3018:
2987:
2610:
2595:
2267:
2219:
1959:
1817:
630:
495:
484:
442:
4879:
4862:
3420:
2990:
ordered the annihilation of the city’s Jews, leading to their murder, expulsion, and in some cases
2504:
2469:
2320:
688:
560:
463:
456:
386:
274:
149:
4369:
4157:
The 2001 census in Austria counted 8140 Jews in Austria, of which 6988 were living in Vienna. The
3927:
4039:
3030:
2924:
2666:
2577:
2529:
2435:
2400:
2171:
2121:
2068:
2063:
1977:
1847:
1115:
944:
698:
623:
477:
43:
4875:
4400:
Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, S. 48
2912:
3954:
After a century of progress towards Jewish emancipation, antisemitic attacks encouraged by the
3834:). Amongst the refugees were some 50,000 (according to the police) to 70,000 (according to the
4891:
4837:
4808:
4547:
4517:
4464:
4154:
sport club, which was re-opened in March 2008, an education centre, and an old people's home.
3866:
3363:
3034:
2686:
2600:
2557:
2552:
2534:
2426:
2315:
2257:
2237:
2054:
1614:
1253:
713:
584:
514:
391:
304:
171:
34:
4804:
4139:
4128:
4096:
Vienna's Jewish population numbered more than 201,000 before 1938. In 1946, just 4,000 Jews
4035:
3935:
3890:
3819:
3462:. At the same time however, the Jewish community was led predominantly by assimilated Jews.
3347:
3064:
population in Vienna, which had its own religious community with a synagogue at the time of
3026:
2939:(master of the mint), installed in 1194. Schlom and his family would later be murdered in a
2790:
2567:
2514:
2285:
2166:
2126:
2090:
1788:
1338:
849:
605:
509:
424:
314:
106:
3934:
Many Jews joined socialist and/or Zionist (youth) organisations, the largest of which were
3783:
3370:
also played a leading role in Vienna's Jewish community from 1806 until his death in 1849.
4796:
4771:
4713:
4706:
4687:
4680:
4392:
census 1890, 1900, 1910 of the K. K. Statistischen Central-Kommission and census 1934 and
4104:
4090:
3898:
3870:
3050:
2615:
2605:
2572:
2247:
2206:
2201:
2181:
2103:
2097:
2030:
1982:
1822:
1803:
954:
678:
595:
578:
122:
4740:
4733:
150 Jahre IKG: Rede von Ariel Muzicant anlässlich des 150-jährigen Bestehens der IKG Wien
69:
4651:
4043:
4019:
3792:
3390:
3386:
3359:
3069:
3038:
3022:
2936:
2828:
2347:
2146:
2015:
2001:
1881:
1860:
1837:
1832:
1810:
1798:
1393:
874:
808:
773:
751:
683:
526:
504:
366:
345:
321:
87:
3469:
3098:
4908:
4192:
4151:
4116:
4007:
3967:
3451:
3061:
2983:
2899:. Since 1945, Jewish culture and society have gradually been recovering in the city.
2671:
2295:
2290:
1496:
1423:
949:
798:
793:
788:
778:
756:
708:
470:
309:
214:
176:
127:
4661:
4622:
4600:
4223:
4164:
4108:
4078:
4024:
3806:
3455:
3445:
3424:
3011:
2991:
2967:
can be proven from the 14th century onwards. Vienna’s city law empowered a special
2519:
2441:
2325:
2151:
1992:
1987:
1945:
1898:
992:
859:
844:
803:
768:
381:
223:
4765:
The Jewish Community of Vienna - The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
4487:. Verlag Günther, Leipzig & Wien 1936. (Auf Grundlage der Volkszählung 1934.)
3994:, Vienna's Jews were forced by the local population to clean the city's pavements.
3045:, but he could not perform his duties as a Rabbi in Vienna and therefore left for
4541:
4458:
4196:
4185:
3827:
3428:
3378:
3374:
2310:
2252:
1917:
823:
818:
813:
783:
4756:
4142:
school moved from the Castellezgasse to the Simon-Wiesenthal-Gasse next to the
2927:
owned one of the most important literary salons in the city in the 18th century
4143:
3939:
3483:
Percentage of all activity attributable to Viennese citizens of Jewish origin
3437:
3432:
3351:
3046:
2979:
2895:, Vienna's Jewish population was almost entirely deported and murdered in the
2509:
2487:
1968:
982:
911:
869:
693:
673:
237:
144:
64:
17:
4047:
3999:
3991:
3610:
3042:
2956:
2896:
2681:
2495:
2131:
2116:
1206:
1154:
916:
864:
854:
535:
531:
521:
436:
196:
884:
4784:
The Jews in Vienna: A Troubled History, and a Warning for Today (PART TWO)
4778:
The Jews in Vienna: A Troubled History, and a Warning for Today (PART ONE)
4046:, the majority of the Jews who had stayed in Vienna became victims of the
4120:
3676:
3441:
3394:
2964:
2960:
2944:
2491:
2459:
2449:
2300:
1910:
1842:
668:
181:
132:
4442:
Bevölkerung nach dem Religionsbekenntnis und Bundesländern 1951 bis 2001
4428:
Oldenbourg Verlag, Wien 2003, S. 85–87 (Ergebnis der Volkszählung 1934)
4426:
Schlussbericht der Historikerkommission der Republik Ă–sterreich. Band 1.
3897:, others voted for Jewish parties, which disputed elections both in the
3814:
2916:
Remains of the synagogue at the Judenplatz that was destroyed in 1420/21
4887:
4866:
4339:"Social, economic, and cultural trends in the Baroque period - Austria"
4169:
4082:
3851:
3600:
3459:
2877:
2727:
2445:
2411:
2276:
2242:
2111:
1905:
894:
889:
761:
547:
543:
539:
288:
283:
260:
242:
117:
112:
102:
80:
55:
4764:
4262:
4147:
4097:
4010:
3963:
3882:
3398:
3355:
2940:
2885:
2872:
2453:
1936:
1931:
1891:
1876:
987:
879:
299:
265:
251:
186:
4314:"The long Road towards equal Rights - History of the Jews in Vienna"
4199:. Some new synagogues and prayer rooms have since been established.
4573:"Expulsion, Deportation and Murder - History of the Jews in Vienna"
4261:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from
3381:
in the Seitensteingasse. The synagogue, which had been designed by
4179:
4068:
4057:
3985:
3970:
was amongst those who recognised the signs of the time. The film “
3948:
3908:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3782:
3466:
Collapse of the Habsburg monarchy and First Republic (1910s–1930s)
2919:
2911:
2499:
2431:
899:
328:
232:
201:
3810:
The Gerngross shopping centre, which was founded by Viennese Jews
3010:. A formerly Jewish neighborhood was then renamed, and remains, "
3346:
In 1824, Michael Lazar Biedermann's recommendation led to Rabbi
2881:
2868:
51:
4115:) was established, and in 1999, the new school building of the
4457:
Mosse, Werner Eugen; Paucker, Arnold; RĂĽrup, Reinhard (1981).
2880:, goes back over eight hundred years. There is evidence of a
4543:
Becoming Austrians: Jews and Culture between the World Wars
4514:
Die Mazzesinsel – Juden in der Wiener Leopoldstadt 1918–38.
4801:
Die Mazzesinsel – Juden in der Wiener Leopoldstadt 1918–38
3850:. Many of the refugees tried to earn their daily bread as
3072:
population only obtained the same status much later under
2955:, and the existence of community institutions such as a
4460:
Revolution and Evolution, 1848 in German-Jewish History
4394:
Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien fĂĽr das Jahr 1910
4073:
Plaques honouring the memory of murdered Jewish actors
3041:
to come to Vienna in 1684. Wertheimer was later named
4859:
JĂĽdischer Stadtplan Wien. Einst und jetzt. Stadtplan
1915:
1896:
319:
2931:The first named Jewish individual was Schlom, Duke
4014:this one night, the majority were deported to the
3458:during this period with the creation of political
3431:(which was divided from Leopoldstadt in 1900) and
3389:by Mannheimer on 9 April 1826. In the same year,
4006:began. These events reached their climax in the
3401:at the synagogue, where he served for 56 years.
4614:
4612:
4337:Leichtner, Otto; Roider, Karl A. (2024-06-16).
3966:became more common between the two World Wars.
3474:Jewish contributions to Vienna's economy (1934)
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4496:
3478:
3111:
4042:in January 1942, where the Nazis resolved to
2846:
2639:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
2367:
8:
4741:Gedenk- und Aufklärungsarbeit der Stadt Wien
3913:An antisemitic campaign placard used by the
4253:
4251:
4133:Museum of Jewish history, life and religion
4044:completely annihilate the Jewish population
3869:in 1918, Jews could move freely throughout
611:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
4861:. Hrsg.: JĂĽdisches Museum der Stadt Wien.
4749:Martha Keil – Geschichte der Juden in Wien
3436:for the most part in the villa suburbs of
2853:
2839:
2385:
2374:
2360:
2224:
1865:
938:
745:
350:
219:
38:
4398:The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna.
3802:Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Leopoldstadt, 1915
3776:as well as the entire production of bread
3404:Jewish intellectuals participated in the
3373:On 12 December 1825, Mannheimer laid the
4638:Volkszählung der Statistik Austria, 2001
3822:was also run by Viennese Jews until 1938
3472:
3101:
3055:Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha
4247:
3107:according to census and particular area
2399:
2388:
2275:
2227:
2053:
2000:
1967:
1944:
1868:
1734:
1622:
1596:
1431:
1225:
1000:
972:
831:
660:
594:
494:
409:
353:
273:
250:
222:
50:
4424:Ă–sterreichische Historikerkommission:
4370:"About the Jewish Community of Vienna"
3454:responded to the increasing spread of
4567:
4565:
4563:
4535:
4533:
3917:during the 1920 elections in Austria.
7:
4707:Jüdische Schulen und Bildungsstätten
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4308:
4306:
4281:
4279:
4135:was also opened at the Judenplatz.
2997:Early Modern (16th–18th centuries)
2893:National-Socialist rule in Austria
25:
4374:Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien
4219:Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien
4172:shops, bakeries and restaurants.
4159:Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien
3947:). The paramilitary organisation
3840:Vienna's northern railway station
3053:, where Jews were welcomed under
402:Historical population comparisons
4259:"The Jewish Community of Vienna"
2822:
2634:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
2563:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
2410:
1046:Democratic Republic of the Congo
960:Historical population by country
4920:Jewish Austrian history by city
3750:Furniture traders and producers
3471:
3100:
2888:from the 12th century onwards.
4935:Holocaust locations in Austria
4540:Silverman, Lisa (2012-06-19).
4214:History of the Jews in Austria
3444:, and in the city centre, the
3027:second Ottoman siege of Vienna
31:History of the Jews in Austria
1:
4512:In: Ruth Beckermann (Hrsg.):
4125:Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial
4064:Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial
3976:his novel with the same title
3960:Greater German People's Party
3718:Scrap metal and metal dealers
3060:From 1736, there was a small
617:Christianity and Judaism
4757:Das österreichische Judentum
4054:Second Republic (Since 1945)
3951:also had members in Vienna.
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3608:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
4716:, accessed 31 January 2009
4625:, 12. September 2008, S. 2
4546:. Oxford University Press.
4444:(accessed 15 January 2009)
4117:Ronald S. Lauder Foundation
4018:in the following days. The
3838:) Jews, who all arrived at
3339:= after expansion of Vienna
3321:
3307:
3293:
3279:
3265:
3251:
3237:
3223:
3209:
3195:
3181:
3167:
3153:
3139:
3125:
3103:Jewish population of Vienna
1916:
1897:
1624:Latin America and Caribbean
320:
4951:
4925:Jews and Judaism in Vienna
4081:, it took a long time for
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3609:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3322:
3308:
3294:
3280:
3266:
3252:
3238:
3224:
3210:
3196:
3182:
3168:
3154:
3140:
3126:
3095:Restoration (19th century)
2657:Republic of German-Austria
2465:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
2229:Jewish political movements
1926:Conversion to Judaism
28:
4851:Felicitas Heimann-Jelinek
4690:accessed 31 January 2009
4287:"Jews in medieval Vienna"
4016:Dachau concentration camp
3982:The Holocaust (1938–1945)
3836:Arbeiterzeitung newspaper
3773:
3336:
632:Hinduism and Judaism
4855:Gabriele Kohlbauer-Fritz
3628:Traders of leather goods
3520:Bakers and bread makers*
2728:Second Austrian Republic
2677:Federal State of Austria
458:Temple in Jerusalem
151:Bar and bat mitzvah
4396:, in: Anson Rabinbach:
2723:Allied-occupied Austria
2662:First Austrian Republic
420:Twelve Tribes of Israel
4774:(in English or Hebrew)
4657:Ă–sterreich ist anders.
4188:
4131:, was unveiled, and a
4074:
4066:
3995:
3990:Immediately after the
3956:Christian Social Party
3918:
3915:Christian Social Party
3826:After the outbreak of
3823:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3742:Wood and paper dealers
3726:Petrol and oil dealers
3417:Emperor Franz Joseph I
2928:
2917:
2525:Margraviate of Austria
4618:Marijana Milijković:
4597:Ă–sterreich ist anders
4485:Zur Wiener Judenfrage
4183:
4072:
4061:
3989:
3972:The City Without Jews
3912:
3865:With the fall of the
3817:
3809:
3801:
3789:Leopoldstädter Tempel
3786:
2923:
2915:
1166:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1161:Republic of the Congo
555:Second Temple Judaism
426:Kingdom of Judah
397:Modern historiography
4599:, 12. Mai 2005. In:
4184:The interior of the
4138:In autumn 2008, the
2611:German Confederation
2596:Archduchy of Austria
2268:World Agudath Israel
1409:United Arab Emirates
496:Second Temple period
486:Babylonian captivity
4516:Löcker, Wien 1984,
4483:Georg Glockemeier:
4440:Statistik Austria:
3945:Jewish Self-Defence
3644:Advertising bureaus
3350:being brought from
2992:collective suicide.
2951:granted the Jews a
2947:. In 1238, emperor
2590:Early modern period
2470:Ostrogothic Kingdom
561:Hellenistic Judaism
139:Land of Israel
98:Principles of faith
4930:Religion in Vienna
4822:Michaela Feurstein
4770:2018-06-12 at the
4712:2009-04-29 at the
4686:2009-04-29 at the
4660:12. Mai 2005. In:
4189:
4103:2018-06-12 at the
4075:
4067:
4040:Wannsee Conference
3996:
3919:
3824:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3702:Dental technicians
3406:Revolution of 1848
3089:Edict of Tolerance
3079:Influenced by the
3031:Samuel Oppenheimer
3021:and wars with the
2929:
2925:Fanny von Arnstein
2918:
2829:Austria portal
2705:National Socialism
2578:Duchy of Carinthia
2530:House of Babenberg
2436:Kingdom of Noricum
2122:Jewish Koine Greek
1664:Dominican Republic
945:Judaism by country
624:Jews and Christmas
479:Assyrian captivity
4915:History of Vienna
4884:Das JĂĽdische Wien
4842:978-3-85476-225-6
4834:Mandelbaum Verlag
4813:978-3-85409-068-7
4681:Synagogen in Wien
4553:978-0-19-994272-5
4522:978-3-85409-068-7
4508:Ruth Beckermann:
4470:978-3-16-743752-0
4209:Döbling Synagogue
3867:Habsburg Monarchy
3842:in Leopoldstadt.
3781:
3780:
3777:
3408:.The new elected
3383:Joseph Kornhäusel
3368:Isaak Löw Hofmann
3344:
3343:
3340:
3108:
3035:Samson Wertheimer
3019:Thirty Year's War
2986:of 1420/21, when
2973:Judge of the Jews
2863:
2862:
2687:Ostmark (Austria)
2558:Holy Roman Empire
2553:House of Habsburg
2535:Privilegium Minus
2482:Early Middle Ages
2427:Hallstatt culture
2384:
2383:
2333:
2332:
2081:
2080:
1828:Reconstructionist
1772:
1771:
924:
923:
731:
730:
568:Jewish–Roman wars
516:Hasmonean dynasty
432:Kingdom of Israel
336:
335:
35:History of Vienna
16:(Redirected from
4942:
4901:
4872:
4847:
4826:Gerhard Milchram
4818:
4761:
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4693:
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4668:
4667:
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4635:
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4616:
4607:
4606:
4595:Ariel Muzicant:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4569:
4558:
4557:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4510:Die Mazzesinsel.
4506:
4491:
4490:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4463:. Mohr Siebeck.
4454:
4448:
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4298:
4297:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4255:
4140:Zwi Perez Chajes
4129:Rachel Whiteread
4036:Reich Flight Tax
3936:Hashomer Hatzair
3895:social democrats
3820:Wiener Riesenrad
3775:
3470:
3375:foundation stone
3348:Isaak Mannheimer
3338:
3106:
3099:
3025:, including the
2855:
2848:
2841:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2771:Military history
2756:Economic history
2717:Post-war Austria
2568:Duchy of Austria
2515:Frankish Kingdom
2414:
2404:
2386:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2225:
2106:
1927:
1921:
1902:
1866:
1813:
1760:New Zealand
1712:
1675:El Salvador
1665:
1597:Northern America
1589:
1183:
939:
850:Crimean Karaites
746:
724:
722:
643:
641:
633:
627:
618:
606:Rabbinic Judaism
587:
581:
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563:
551:
517:
510:Maccabean Revolt
487:
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4905:
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4899:
4870:
4845:
4816:
4797:Ruth Beckermann
4793:
4791:Further reading
4772:Wayback Machine
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4717:
4714:Wayback Machine
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:Wayback Machine
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4244:
4205:
4178:
4123:. In 2000, the
4105:Wayback Machine
4056:
3984:
3871:Austria-Hungary
3734:Poultry dealers
3512:Driving schools
3468:
3415:In 1867, under
3366:. The merchant
3105:
3097:
3068:. The majority
3051:Siebengemeinden
2999:
2910:
2905:
2867:history of the
2859:
2823:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2741:
2733:
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2718:
2710:
2709:
2700:
2692:
2691:
2652:
2644:
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2616:Austria-Hungary
2606:Austrian Empire
2601:Habsburg empire
2591:
2583:
2582:
2573:Duchy of Styria
2548:
2540:
2539:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2422:
2402:
2395:
2380:
2335:
2334:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2202:Judeo-Malayalam
2182:Judaeo-Georgian
2102:
2093:
2083:
2082:
1983:Yiddish theatre
1925:
1863:
1853:
1852:
1811:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1710:
1663:
1587:
1181:
965:Genetic studies
936:
926:
925:
743:
733:
732:
720:
719:
639:
638:
631:
621:
616:
598:and Middle Ages
596:Rabbinic period
583:
577:
570:
558:
529:
515:
485:
478:
469:
461:
457:
448:
443:in Judaism
440:
425:
348:
338:
337:
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206:
150:
138:
83:
37:
29:Main articles:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4948:
4946:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4880:Alfred Stalzer
4873:
4863:Freytag-Berndt
4848:
4830:JĂĽdisches Wien
4819:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4786:The Algemeiner
4781:
4780:The Algemeiner
4775:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4728:
4727:External links
4725:
4722:
4721:
4695:
4669:
4664:, 4. Mai 2005
4652:Ariel Muzicant
4644:
4630:
4608:
4603:, 4. Mai 2005
4588:
4577:www.wien.gv.at
4559:
4552:
4529:
4492:
4476:
4469:
4449:
4433:
4417:
4405:
4385:
4354:
4329:
4318:www.wien.gv.at
4302:
4291:www.wien.gv.at
4275:
4246:
4245:
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4216:
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4204:
4201:
4195:pogrom is the
4177:
4174:
4127:, designed by
4119:opened in the
4055:
4052:
4020:Nuremberg Laws
3998:Following the
3983:
3980:
3974:” is based on
3903:First Republic
3793:Rudolf von Alt
3779:
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3686:Textile branch
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3467:
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3397:was appointed
3391:Salomon Sulzer
3360:Lazar Horowitz
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3074:Franz Joseph I
3049:, part of the
3017:Following the
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2147:Judaeo-Spanish
2144:
2142:Judaeo-Iranian
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1158:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Bilad-el-Sudan
1018:
1013:
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
996:
995:
990:
985:
977:
976:
974:Land of Israel
970:
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
937:
932:
931:
928:
927:
922:
921:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
834:
833:
832:Related groups
829:
828:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
765:
764:
759:
744:
739:
738:
735:
734:
729:
728:
727:
726:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
684:Jewish atheism
681:
676:
671:
663:
662:
658:
657:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:Islamic–Jewish
635:
628:
613:
608:
600:
599:
592:
591:
590:
589:
565:
552:
524:
519:
512:
507:
505:Yehud Medinata
499:
498:
492:
491:
490:
489:
482:
475:
467:
454:
446:
434:
429:
422:
414:
413:
411:Ancient Israel
407:
406:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
367:Land of Israel
364:
356:
355:
349:
344:
343:
340:
339:
334:
333:
332:
331:
326:
322:Shulchan Aruch
317:
312:
307:
302:
294:
293:
292:
291:
286:
278:
277:
271:
270:
269:
268:
263:
255:
254:
248:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
227:
226:
218:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
147:
142:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
100:
95:
88:God in Judaism
84:
79:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
67:
59:
58:
48:
47:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4947:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4897:
4896:3-85058-182-9
4893:
4890:, Wien 2000,
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4869:, Wien 1993.
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4843:
4839:
4836:, Wien 2007,
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4814:
4810:
4807:, Wien 1984,
4806:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4747:
4742:
4739:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4670:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4639:
4634:
4631:
4624:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4453:
4450:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4409:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4330:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4265:on 2018-06-12
4264:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4193:Kristallnacht
4187:
4182:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4152:Hakoah Vienna
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4071:
4065:
4060:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4008:Kristallnacht
4005:
4001:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3968:Hugo Bettauer
3965:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3943:Selbstwehr” (
3941:
3937:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3891:Orthodox Jews
3886:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3875:Jewish ghetto
3872:
3868:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3794:
3791:, painted by
3790:
3785:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3758:Radio dealers
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3552:Photographers
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3452:Theodor Herzl
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3410:Imperial Diet
3407:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3081:Enlightenment
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3066:Maria Theresa
3063:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2984:Vienna Gesera
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:Austrofascism
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2421:Early history
2418:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Judeo-Aramaic
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Judeo-Italian
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:Denominations
1778:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:United States
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Guinea-Bissau
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
950:Lists of Jews
948:
946:
943:
942:
941:
940:
935:
930:
929:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
835:
830:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
750:
749:
748:
747:
742:
737:
736:
725:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:The Holocaust
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
665:
664:
659:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
636:
634:
629:
625:
619:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
597:
593:
586:
580:
574:
569:
566:
562:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:
497:
493:
488:
483:
481:
476:
472:
468:
465:
460:
455:
451:
447:
444:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
423:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
412:
408:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
341:
330:
327:
324:
323:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:Mishneh Torah
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
279:
276:
272:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
253:
249:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
225:
221:
216:
211:
210:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
148:
146:
143:
141:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
99:
96:
93:
89:
86:
85:
82:
77:
76:
71:
70:Who is a Jew?
68:
66:
63:
62:
61:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
27:
19:
18:Viennese Jews
4883:
4876:János Kalmár
4858:
4829:
4800:
4698:
4672:
4662:Der Standard
4655:
4647:
4633:
4623:Der Standard
4619:
4601:Der Standard
4591:
4580:. Retrieved
4576:
4542:
4513:
4509:
4484:
4479:
4459:
4452:
4436:
4425:
4420:
4408:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4377:. Retrieved
4373:
4346:. Retrieved
4342:
4332:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:
4294:. Retrieved
4290:
4267:. Retrieved
4263:the original
4233:
4229:
4224:Antisemitism
4190:
4165:Leopoldstadt
4163:
4156:
4137:
4112:
4109:Soviet Union
4095:
4079:World War II
4076:
4032:
4029:
4025:Yellow badge
4004:Aryanisation
3997:
3953:
3944:
3933:
3928:Josef Mohapl
3920:
3887:
3878:
3864:
3860:Eastern Jews
3859:
3855:
3847:
3844:
3825:
3766:Wine dealers
3721:≤ 100%
3710:Candy stores
3560:Hairdressers
3473:
3456:Antisemitism
3450:
3446:Innere Stadt
3425:Leopoldstadt
3421:2nd district
3414:
3403:
3372:
3345:
3102:
3087:decreed his
3078:
3059:
3016:
3012:Leopoldstadt
3000:
2977:
2972:
2969:Judenrichter
2968:
2949:Frederick II
2930:
2890:
2884:presence in
2866:
2864:
2816:
2749:
2699:World War II
2520:East Francia
2326:Post-Zionism
2197:Judeo-Berber
2192:Judeo-Arabic
2152:Judeo-Gascon
1899:Pidyon haben
1818:Conservative
1364:Saudi Arabia
1182:South Africa
1171:Sierra Leone
993:Israeli Jews
907:Mosaic Arabs
860:Kaifeng Jews
721:Arab–Israeli
704:Soviet Union
689:Emancipation
573:Great Revolt
382:Anti-Judaism
377:Antisemitism
372:Name "Judea"
167:Baal teshuva
26:
4900:(in German)
4871:(in German)
4846:(in German)
4817:(in German)
4760:(in German)
4752:(in German)
4744:(in German)
4736:(in German)
4718:(in German)
4692:(in German)
4666:(in German)
4641:(in German)
4627:(in German)
4605:(in German)
4526:(in German)
4489:(in German)
4446:(in German)
4430:(in German)
4414:(in German)
4402:(in German)
4197:Stadttempel
4186:Stadttempel
3924:Praterstern
3901:and in the
3879:Mazzesinsel
3828:World War I
3761:≤ 80%
3745:≤ 70%
3713:≤ 70%
3694:Watchmakers
3536:Drug stores
3496:Pharmacists
3429:Brigittenau
3379:Stadttempel
3364:Jewish Oath
3122:Percentage
3116:total pop.
2937:MĂĽnzmeister
2933:Frederick I
2908:Middle Ages
2628:World War I
2547:Middle Ages
2401:History of
2321:Revisionist
2311:Neo-Zionism
1918:Zeved habat
1711:Puerto Rico
1537:Netherlands
1369:South Korea
1354:Philippines
1234:Afghanistan
1101:Ivory Coast
875:Crypto-Jews
840:Bnei Anusim
819:Bene Israel
784:Beta Israel
741:Communities
648:Middle Ages
387:Persecution
162:Bereavement
4909:Categories
4582:2024-06-16
4524:, S. 16f.
4379:2024-06-16
4348:2024-06-16
4343:Britannica
4323:2024-06-16
4296:2024-06-16
4269:2018-06-12
4242:References
4234:Our Vienna
4230:Unser Wien
4176:Synagogues
4144:Messe Wien
4088:Chancellor
3940:Poale Zion
3856:“Ostjuden”
3668:Shoemakers
3660:Locksmiths
3433:Alsergrund
3387:sanctified
3352:Copenhagen
3083:, emperor
3047:Eisenstadt
2980:Judenplatz
2786:Liberalism
2510:Carantania
2488:Marcomanni
2306:Maximalism
2258:Secularism
2238:Autonomism
2055:Literature
1848:Humanistic
1452:Azerbaijan
1414:Uzbekistan
1389:Tajikistan
1309:Kyrgyzstan
1294:Kazakhstan
1141:Mozambique
1116:Madagascar
1036:Cape Verde
988:New Yishuv
983:Old Yishuv
934:Population
912:Subbotniks
870:Samaritans
809:Romanyotim
752:Ashkenazim
694:Old Yishuv
674:Sabbateans
661:Modern era
653:Golden Age
585:Bar Kokhba
305:Beit Yosef
172:Philosophy
4091:Vranitzky
4048:Holocaust
4000:Anschluss
3992:Anschluss
3885:island).
3677:Tinsmiths
3620:Opticians
3611:Milliners
3576:Jewellers
3326:1,550,123
3312:1,539,848
3298:1,531,346
3284:1,619,855
3270:1,627,566
3256:1,616,125
3242:1,935,881
3228:1,865,780
3214:2,031,420
3200:1,674,957
3186:1,341,190
3085:Joseph II
3070:Ashkenazi
3062:Sephardic
3043:Court Jew
3008:Leopold I
2957:synagogue
2953:privilege
2945:crusaders
2897:Holocaust
2682:Anschluss
2667:Civil War
2496:Baiuvarii
2442:Roman Era
2316:Religious
2172:Zarphatic
2162:Bukharian
2132:Judeo-Tat
2117:Yeshivish
2091:Languages
2046:Sephardic
2036:Israelite
2026:Ethiopian
2016:Ashkenazi
1955:Religious
1745:Australia
1727:Venezuela
1633:Argentina
1615:Greenland
1527:Lithuania
1379:Sri Lanka
1374:Singapore
1299:Kurdistan
1264:Indonesia
1254:Hong Kong
1207:Abayudaya
1131:Mauritius
865:Igbo Jews
855:Krymchaks
774:Sephardim
642:relations
536:Sadducees
532:Pharisees
522:Sanhedrin
437:Jerusalem
197:Synagogue
65:Etymology
4857:(Red.):
4768:Archived
4710:Archived
4703:IKG Wien
4684:Archived
4677:IKG Wien
4203:See also
4121:Augarten
4101:Archived
4098:remained
3962:and the
3852:peddlers
3601:Furriers
3544:Butchers
3442:Hietzing
3395:Hohenems
3377:for the
3023:Ottomans
3004:cemetery
2988:Albert V
2961:hospital
2818:Timeline
2801:Hinduism
2761:Football
2492:Lombards
2460:Rugiland
2450:Pannonia
2392:a series
2390:Part of
2343:Category
2301:Kahanism
2248:Feminism
2220:Politics
2104:Biblical
2074:American
2021:Bukharan
2011:American
1911:Shidduch
1887:Clothing
1843:Haymanot
1789:Orthodox
1717:Suriname
1700:Paraguay
1653:Colombia
1552:Portugal
1462:Bulgaria
1399:Thailand
1349:Pakistan
1329:Mongolia
1324:Malaysia
1244:Cambodia
1218:Zimbabwe
1193:Tanzania
1071:Eswatini
1061:Ethiopia
1051:Djibouti
1031:Cameroon
1026:Botswana
955:Diaspora
917:Noahides
890:Marranos
814:Cochinim
799:Bukharim
789:Gruzinim
779:Teimanim
769:Mizrahim
757:Galician
723:conflict
679:Hasidism
669:Haskalah
579:Diaspora
450:timeline
362:Timeline
275:Rabbinic
182:Kabbalah
157:Marriage
133:Tzedakah
123:Holidays
81:Religion
44:a series
42:Part of
4888:Pichler
4867:Artaria
4146:at the
4083:Austria
3832:Galicia
3636:Lawyers
3592:Cinemas
3568:Garages
3488:Doctors
3480:
3460:Zionism
3438:Döbling
3245:176,034
3231:201,513
3217:175,294
3203:146,926
3189:118,495
3172:817,300
3158:726,105
3144:607,510
3130:476,220
2903:History
2878:Austria
2766:Cricket
2446:Noricum
2403:Austria
2286:General
2277:Zionism
2253:Leftism
2243:Bundism
2167:Knaanic
2127:Yevanic
2112:Yiddish
2069:Yiddish
2064:Israeli
2041:Mizrahi
2031:Israeli
2002:Cuisine
1978:Ancient
1960:Secular
1906:Kashrut
1882:Wedding
1869:Customs
1861:Culture
1838:Science
1833:Renewal
1823:Karaite
1804:Hasidic
1736:Oceania
1722:Uruguay
1690:Jamaica
1670:Ecuador
1638:Bolivia
1582:Ukraine
1557:Romania
1532:Moldova
1512:Hungary
1502:Germany
1497:Georgia
1487:Finland
1482:Estonia
1477:Denmark
1472:Czechia
1457:Belarus
1447:Austria
1442:Armenia
1419:Vietnam
1334:Myanmar
1319:Lebanon
1239:Bahrain
1198:Tunisia
1176:Somalia
1151:Nigeria
1146:Namibia
1136:Morocco
1066:Eritrea
1011:Algeria
895:Neofiti
804:Italkim
794:Juhurim
699:Zionism
548:Sicarii
544:Zealots
540:Essenes
527:Schisms
392:Leaders
354:General
346:History
289:Tosefta
284:Midrash
261:Mishnah
243:Ketuvim
238:Nevi'im
187:Customs
118:Shabbat
113:Halakha
105: (
103:Mitzvot
90: (
56:Judaism
4894:
4840:
4811:
4805:Löcker
4550:
4520:
4467:
4170:kosher
4148:Prater
4077:After
4011:pogrom
3958:, the
3899:empire
3883:matzoh
3769:73.6%
3689:73.2%
3647:96.5%
3639:85.5%
3623:21.5%
3605:67.6%
3571:15.5%
3531:75.0%
3523:60.0%
3515:13.0%
3507:82.0%
3499:31.5%
3491:51.6%
3399:hazzan
3385:, was
3356:Vienna
3175:99,444
3161:73,222
3147:40,277
2941:pogrom
2886:Vienna
2882:Jewish
2873:Vienna
2796:Cinema
2750:Vienna
2740:Topics
2454:Raetia
2394:on the
2348:Portal
2207:Domari
2137:Shassi
2098:Hebrew
1993:Humour
1937:Hiloni
1932:Aliyah
1892:Niddah
1877:Minyan
1812:Reform
1799:Haredi
1794:Modern
1695:Mexico
1680:Guyana
1643:Brazil
1605:Canada
1577:Sweden
1567:Serbia
1562:Russia
1547:Poland
1542:Norway
1522:Latvia
1507:Greece
1492:France
1467:Cyprus
1433:Europe
1404:Turkey
1394:Taiwan
1304:Kuwait
1289:Jordan
1279:Israel
1213:Zambia
1203:Uganda
1121:Malawi
1091:Guinea
1081:Gambia
1016:Angola
1002:Africa
885:Dönmeh
880:Anusim
824:Berber
762:Litvak
714:Israel
620:
557:
471:Second
439:
300:Targum
266:Gemara
252:Talmud
224:Tanakh
177:Ethics
128:Prayer
3964:Nazis
3949:Betar
3663:5.5%
3655:4.7%
3563:9.4%
3528:Banks
3393:from
3234:10.8
3183:1890*
3178:12.1
3164:10.1
3119:Jews
3113:Year
3039:Worms
3037:from
2806:Islam
2791:Music
2781:Radio
2505:Avars
2500:Suebi
2432:Celts
2296:Labor
2291:Green
1988:Dance
1946:Music
1765:Palau
1685:Haiti
1648:Chile
1572:Spain
1517:Italy
1424:Yemen
1384:Syria
1359:Qatar
1339:Nepal
1284:Japan
1259:India
1249:China
1188:Sudan
1111:Libya
1106:Kenya
1086:Ghana
1076:Gabon
1056:Egypt
1041:Benin
900:Xueta
845:Lemba
464:First
329:Zohar
233:Torah
215:Texts
202:Rabbi
192:Rites
92:names
4892:ISBN
4865:und
4838:ISBN
4809:ISBN
4548:ISBN
4518:ISBN
4465:ISBN
4113:Help
4062:The
3818:The
3787:The
3753:85%
3737:60%
3729:70%
3705:31%
3697:32%
3681:20%
3671:70%
3652:Pubs
3631:25%
3615:34%
3595:63%
3587:40%
3579:40%
3555:34%
3539:26%
3440:and
3332:0.5
3329:6988
3323:2001
3318:0.4
3315:6554
3309:1991
3304:0.4
3301:6527
3295:1981
3290:0.5
3287:7747
3281:1971
3276:0.5
3273:8354
3267:1961
3262:0.6
3259:9000
3253:1951
3248:9.1
3239:1934
3225:1923
3220:8.6
3211:1910
3206:8.7
3197:1900
3192:8.8
3169:1890
3155:1880
3150:6.6
3141:1869
3136:1.3
3133:2617
3127:1857
3014:."
2963:and
2869:Jews
2865:The
2746:Jews
1755:Guam
1750:Fiji
1705:Peru
1658:Cuba
1344:Oman
1314:Laos
1274:Iraq
1269:Iran
1226:Asia
1155:Igbo
1126:Mali
145:Brit
54:and
52:Jews
33:and
3547:9%
3354:to
2943:by
2935:’s
2871:in
1969:Art
315:Tur
107:613
4911::
4898:.
4886:.
4882::
4878:,
4853:;
4844:.
4832:.
4828::
4824:,
4815:.
4803:.
4799::
4705::
4679::
4654::
4611:^
4575:.
4562:^
4532:^
4495:^
4372:.
4357:^
4341:.
4316:.
4305:^
4289:.
4278:^
4250:^
4027:.
3978:.
3938:,
3448:.
3423:,
3076:.
3057:.
2959:,
2876:,
2498:-
2494:-
2490:-
2452:-
2448:-
582:,
576:,
546:,
542:,
538:,
534:,
46:on
4585:.
4556:.
4473:.
4382:.
4351:.
4326:.
4299:.
4272:.
4236:)
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3858:(
3774:*
3337:*
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2748:(
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2444:(
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2368:t
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1205:(
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626:)
622:(
588:)
571:(
564:)
559:(
550:)
530:(
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462:(
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94:)
20:)
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