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file's relevance to the article is made explicit irrespective of the caption. As a general rule, retain broader points in the article body, including specific points in the media file's description field. For example, the statement: "'Yesterday' is one of the
Beatles' best-known songs" might be more appropriate for the article body than the statement: "The string arrangement on 'Yesterday' utilises counterpoint, which complements McCartney's vocals by reinforcing the tonic", which might be more appropriate as an Ogg file description, especially if the text pertains to the contents of the media file or supports its
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photographer is independently notable, then a wikilink to their biography may be appropriate, and to the picture or photograph in the rare cases where the image itself is notable enough for its own article. Image credits in the infobox image are discouraged, even if the artist is notable, since the infobox should contain only key facts of the article's subject, per
56:
131:
1032:, which is using a relatively small number of words. Succinct captions have more power than verbose ones. More than three lines of text in a caption may be distracting; instead, further information can be provided in the article body. And remember that readers wanting full detail can click through to the
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Unless relevant to the subject, do not credit the image author or copyright holder in the article. It is assumed that this is not necessary to fulfill attribution requirements of the GFDL or
Creative Commons licenses as long as the appropriate credit is on the image description page. If the artist or
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gives an example of an informative yet brief full-sentence caption describing the key element (the singular protagonist) depicted and its relationship to the article's subject. The need for a full-length caption in an infobox can generally indicate one of two things: 1) an exceptionally inappropriate
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Technical images like charts and diagrams may have captions that are much longer than other images. Prose should still be succinct, but the significance of the image should be fully explained. Any elements not included in a legend or clearly labelled should be defined in the caption. A substantial,
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Different people read articles in different ways. Some people start at the top and read each word until the end. Others read the first paragraph and scan through the article's body for other interesting information, looking especially at pictures and captions. Those readers, even if the information
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A good caption explains why a picture belongs in an article. "The 1965 Ford
Mustang introduced the whiz-bang super-speeder" tells the reader why it is worth the trouble to show a photo of a 1965 Ford Mustang rather than just any year of that model car. Links to relevant sections within the article
1044:
Because non-visual media imparts no visual information regarding the content of its file, it is often desirable to include a longer description than is typically acceptable with image captions. As with image captions, care should be taken to include enough relevant information in-line so the media
933:
is text that appears below an image. Most captions draw attention to something in the image that is not obvious, such as its relevance to the text. A caption may be a few words or several sentences. Writing good captions takes effort; along with the lead and section headings, captions are the most
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Another way of approaching the job: imagine you're giving a lecture based on the encyclopedia article, and you are using the image to illustrate the lecture. What would you say while attention is on the image? What do you want your audience to notice in the image, and why? Corollary: if you have
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Photographs and other graphics need not have captions if they are "self-captioning" images (such as reproductions of album or book covers) or when they are unambiguous depictions of the subject of the article. In a biography article no caption is necessary for a portrait of the subject pictured
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section, serves to illustrate the topic of the article, as such, the caption should work singularly towards that purpose. Depending on the nature of the subject and the image used, the ideal caption can range from none at all to a regular full-sentence caption. The following examples serve to
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One of a caption's primary purposes is to identify the subject of the picture. Make sure your caption does that, without leaving readers to wonder what the subject of the picture might be. Be as unambiguous as practical in identifying the subject. What the picture
1429:– When the caption can convey the significance of the article by explaining the significance or context of the image, it should. For example, "Angelou recites her poem, 'On the Pulse of Morning', at President Bill Clinton's inauguration, January 1993",
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Group portraits of a few people (presumably related to the article) should list the names of the individuals so that readers can identify individuals. Larger groups should have an index photo with numbered silhouettes and a key listing each person's
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is usually a better approach; captions are not very effective unless visible on-screen with the content to which they pertain. Many templates have a parameter for generating a descriptive header. Tables have not only headers but also a
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Other images (especially within infoboxes) where the purpose of the image is clearly nominative, that is, that the picture serves as the typical example of the subject of the article and offers no further information – no caption
1379:– Infoboxes normally display the page name as the title of the infobox. If nothing more than the page name needs to be said about the image, then the caption should be omitted as being redundant with the title of the infobox.
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template can be used in the caption instead of (or in addition to) including the legend explaining the color used in the image. This makes the legend more readable, and allows for easy translation into other languages.
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An artist's rendition of a subject of history should be identified as such to avoid confusing details of actual events or portrait likenesses with artistic renditions of them, which are not always accurate.
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When portraits of a person in an article about that person are captioned, they should be captioned with the year. For example, if the photo is of a special occasion, or of historical significance such as
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is adjacent in the text, will not find it unless it is in the caption. However, it is best not to tell the whole story in the caption, but use the caption to make the reader curious about the subject.
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is important, too. If the image to be captioned is a painting, an editor can give context with the painter's wikilinked name, the title, and a date. The present location may be added in parentheses: (
1122:" to get more context if you do not cover that in the article. In such a caption the name of the painter and date provide information on the cultural point of view of the particular representation.
1118:, "Jesus dines with his disciples" tells something, but add "on the eve of his crucifixion" and it tells much more about the significance. Add "With this meal, Jesus established the tradition of
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image or 2) an image that doesn't really belong in the infobox. Consider this distinction carefully as it depends on how precisely the image applies to the subject as a whole.
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The text of captions should not be specially formatted (with italics, for example), except in ways that would apply if it occurred in the main text. Several discussions (e.g.
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Knowledge (XXG) has its technical means of getting readers to the full-size version of the image; therefore amending the caption with a direct link to the image (for example,
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overthrew the Anglo-Saxon monarchs, bringing a new style of government." Then the reader gets curious about that new form of government and reads text to learn what it is.
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Infobox images with mission insignia – no caption needed, but if there is a description of the symbolism, it should be included on the image description page.
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alone; but one might be used to give the year, the subject's age, or other circumstances of the portrait along with the name of the subject.
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Not every image needs a caption; some are simply decorative. Relatively few may be genuinely self-explanatory. In addition to a caption,
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full discussion of a technical image may be confined to the caption if it improves the structure of the prose in the main article.
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1789:"H67: Using null alt text and no title attribute on img elements for images that AT should ignore – Techniques for WCAG 2.0"
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What is noteworthy about the subject of the picture? If there is an article on the subject of the picture, link to it.
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Additional descriptive information about the image should be contained in the image description on the image's page.
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should offer more complete information about the picture. If it does not, it may be possible to add it there from
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A picture captures only one moment in time. What happened before and after? What happened outside the frame?
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should be in italics, set off with commas, etc. Any one article should use a consistent approach throughout.
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A caption should never simply link to the article in which it appears, though it may link to a specific
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Though uncommon in practice, a caption can also be used for other image-like presentations, including:
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An infobox image and, in the absence of an infobox, a photograph or other image in the article's
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It is usually unnecessary to state what kind of image is being shown. A map of the world showing
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Captions of images in infoboxes and other special situations call for special consideration.
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Keep in mind that not all this information needs to be included in the caption, since the
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36:"WP:CAP" redirects here. For the style guideline on capitalization in article titles, see
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Here are some details people might want to know about the picture (all are linkable):
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Who took it? (Generally, this is included in the caption only if the photographer is
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It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though
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nothing to say about it, then the image probably does not belong in the article.
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commonly read words in an article, so they should be succinct and informative.
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clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious;
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While a short caption is often appropriate, if it might be seen as trivial (
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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images
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1269:) have failed to reach a consensus on whether "stage directions" such as
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the table; this is more useful for most presentations of tabular data.
1757:"H37: Using alt attributes on img elements – Techniques for WCAG 2.0"
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The caption should lead the reader into the article. For example, in
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is using no superfluous or needless words. It is not the same as
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describe the range of situations for particular infobox images:
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1302:(No final period or full stop for lone sentence fragment), not
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There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption:
44:. For the guideline on categorizing articles about people, see
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for ways of unambiguously describing right and left in images.
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1639:(main MoS entry for captions with formatting recommendations)
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Periodic table snippets for each element – no caption needed.
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Sometimes the title-and-subtitle style with a colon works:
40:. For the style guideline on capitalization generally, see
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Neoclassicism: antiquity recreated in an 18th-century mode
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What is the medium (oil-on-canvas/marble/mixed media...)?
1296:, in that caption should end with a period or full stop.
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such as the website of the museum that owns the image.
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Most captions are not complete sentences, but merely
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establishes the picture's relevance to the article;
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Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (capitalization)
1733:attribute to describe the function of each visual"
139:Image captions should be succinct and informative.
46:Knowledge (XXG):Categorizing articles about people
1824:Sharp Points: 9 Commandments of Caption Writing
1486:Wernher von Braun surrendering to the Americans
42:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Capital letters
1262:Captions normally start with a capital letter.
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1061:For maps and other images with a legend, the
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8:
1668:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Writing Captions
1317:(Period or full stop ends complete sentence)
2486:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
1527:WikiProject Visual arts Art Manual of Style
943:Knowledge (XXG):Alternative text for images
808:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
67:is a part of the English Knowledge (XXG)'s
33:Knowledge (XXG) guideline on image captions
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1737:W3C Quality Assurance Tips for Webmasters
1216:member countries can be captioned simply
1839:) is being considered for merging. See
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1643:Knowledge (XXG):Accessibility § Images
1325:The stage was spotlit for the occasion
1312:The stage was spotlit for the festival
87:. When in doubt, discuss first on the
1076:Establishing relevance to the article
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1321:The Conservatory during the festival
1304:The Conservatory during the festival
1300:The Conservatory during the festival
1126:Drawing the reader into the article
982:Clear identification of the subject
1472:Chemical compound diagrams (as in
969:draws the reader into the article.
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1089:Providing context for the picture
1081:may help draw the reader in (see
966:provides context for the picture;
83:edit to this page should reflect
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1727:Hazaël-Massieux D (2007-05-28).
1707:that puts a descriptive caption
1663:Knowledge (XXG):Uploading images
1658:Knowledge (XXG):Picture tutorial
949:Some criteria for a good caption
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18:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style
1550:Usually less significant are:
1288:, which should not end with a
1136:Image:William I of England.jpg
1:
2403:References and external links
1538:When was the piece completed?
1535:What is the title or subject?
1200:continues to be played today.
707:References and external links
1843:to help reach a consensus. ›
1493:Tips for describing pictures
1363:Infoboxes and leading images
2256:Specific naming conventions
1413:, and "Publicity photo for
562:Specific naming conventions
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1935:Organizing by subject area
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1294:and any sentence fragments
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1239:Formatting and punctuation
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2561:Wikimedia sister projects
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1794:World Wide Web Consortium
1762:World Wide Web Consortium
863:Wikimedia sister projects
1841:templates for discussion
1559:What are its dimensions?
1454:Other special situations
137:This page in a nutshell:
1610:The midnight visit of "
24:Knowledge (XXG):Caption
1653:Knowledge (XXG):Images
1619:
1567:image description page
1525:For works of art (see
1132:History of the Peerage
1034:image description page
2193:Writing about fiction
1688:mathematical formulae
1609:
1529:for fuller details):
1427:Full-sentence caption
1234:) is not appropriate.
1232:click for larger view
1085:for how to do this).
490:Writing about fiction
195:Organizing by subject
149:Manual of Style (MoS)
77:occasional exceptions
2536:Talk page guidelines
2224:Stringed instruments
1930:Disambiguation pages
1674:Notes and references
1614:" as illustrated by
1556:Where is it located?
843:Talk page guidelines
518:Stringed instruments
190:Disambiguation pages
2341:Trinidad and Tobago
2271:France (and French)
2266:China (and Chinese)
1507:Where was it taken?
1290:period or full stop
1222:Map of NATO members
1140:William of Normandy
647:Trinidad and Tobago
582:France (and French)
572:China (and Chinese)
2541:Template namespace
1620:
1532:Who is the artist?
1510:When was it taken?
1337:Special situations
1286:sentence fragments
1047:fair-use rationale
848:Template namespace
792:Related guidelines
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2551:Understandability
2413:Structure drawing
2362:Latter Day Saints
2163:Lyrics and poetry
2106:Stand-alone lists
1993:Dates and numbers
1700:introductory text
1520:Why was it taken?
1504:For photographs:
1442:BioShock Infinite
1192:A product of the
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853:Understandability
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1942:Gender identity
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2453:Figure skating
2450:
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2101:Road junctions
2098:
2096:Lists of works
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1995:
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1988:Capitalization
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1979:
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1967:Words to watch
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1818:External links
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1415:Jailhouse Rock
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1160:MOS:CAPOBVIOUS
1155:
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1127:
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1120:Holy Communion
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1103:MOS:CAPCONTEXT
1098:
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865:
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845:
840:
835:
830:
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820:
818:Citing sources
815:
813:Categorization
810:
805:
803:Article titles
800:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
781:
780:
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769:Figure skating
766:
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252:Capitalization
249:
243:
238:
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234:
233:
230:
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227:Words to watch
224:
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209:
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2299:
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2264:
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2259:
2257:
2254:
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2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:Record charts
2217:
2215:
2214:Music samples
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Pronunciation
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Abbreviations
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Accessibility
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1801:on 2022-03-26
1800:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1769:on 2016-05-19
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1738:
1734:
1723:
1720:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:, very small
1689:
1683:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1616:Édouard Manet
1613:
1608:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:Elvis Presley
1416:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1383:Short caption
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1362:
1355:
1354:MOS:CAPLENGTH
1351:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1319:
1310:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1002:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
981:
979:
975:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
955:
954:
948:
946:
944:
940:
935:
932:
920:
915:
913:
908:
906:
901:
900:
898:
897:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
876:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
789:
788:
774:
770:
767:
764:
760:
757:
756:
753:
748:
747:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
681:
680:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
656:
655:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
556:
551:
550:
543:
540:
539:
536:
531:
530:
519:
516:
514:
513:Record charts
511:
509:
508:Music samples
506:
505:
504:
503:
500:
496:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
435:
430:
425:
424:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
405:
400:
399:
394:By topic area
391:
390:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
361:
356:
355:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
326:
321:
320:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
291:
286:
285:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
262:Pronunciation
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
247:Abbreviations
245:
244:
241:
236:
235:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
196:
193:
192:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
180:Accessibility
178:
177:
174:
169:
168:
154:
153:
150:
146:
138:
135:
128:
127:
115:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
70:
66:
60:
53:
52:
47:
43:
39:
25:
19:
2602:
2566:WikiProjects
2476:Article size
2065:Lead section
2028:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1834:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:the original
1792:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:the original
1760:
1751:
1740:. Retrieved
1736:
1722:
1708:
1699:
1696:family trees
1682:
1621:
1577:
1575:
1564:
1543:proper right
1496:
1457:
1449:
1432:Maya Angelou
1426:
1417:(1957)" for
1414:
1398:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1340:
1293:
1277:
1271:
1220:rather than
1218:NATO members
1197:
1186:
1129:
1113:
1110:
1079:
1060:
1056:
1043:
1029:
1026:Succinctness
1025:
1024:
1003:Succinctness
997:
988:
985:
976:
972:
960:is succinct;
952:
936:
930:
928:
868:WikiProjects
798:Article size
337:Lead section
296:
136:
80:
62:
2458:Terminology
2378:Mathematics
2326:Philippines
2188:Visual arts
2183:Video games
1947:Hidden text
1637:MOS:CAPTION
1625:MOS:INFOBOX
1598:MOS:CREDITS
1437:MOS:INFOBOX
1404:Noisy miner
1253:MOS:CAPFRAG
1167:MOS:CAPWORD
1138:might say "
773:Terminology
729:Mathematics
632:Philippines
485:Visual arts
480:Video games
207:Hidden text
81:substantive
2556:User pages
2521:Signatures
2516:Notability
2441:Cue sports
2178:Television
2173:Philosophy
2127:Trademarks
1976:Formatting
1742:2009-07-06
1694:, compact
1388:Bill Cosby
1377:No caption
858:User pages
833:Signatures
828:Notability
759:Cue sports
475:Television
470:Philosophy
416:Trademarks
240:Formatting
114:WP:CAPTION
2398:Chemicals
2388:Chemistry
2336:Singapore
2316:Macedonia
2291:Indonesia
1952:Infoboxes
1925:Biography
1896:Directory
1729:"Use the
1612:The Raven
1174:MOS:MAPOF
1152:Shortcuts
702:Chemicals
692:Chemistry
642:Singapore
617:Macedonia
597:Indonesia
212:Infoboxes
185:Biography
99:Shortcuts
89:talk page
85:consensus
65:guideline
2604:Category
2531:Subpages
2526:Overview
2506:Hatnotes
2501:Contents
2425:Taxonomy
2383:Medicine
2350:Religion
2321:Pakistan
2311:Malaysia
2249:Regional
2029:Captions
2003:Spelling
1889:Overview
1831:template
1805:20 April
1773:20 April
1631:See also
1590:Shortcut
1346:Shortcut
1267:this one
1245:Shortcut
1198:Monopoly
1187:Monopoly
1095:Shortcut
1009:Shortcut
939:alt text
886:Contents
881:Overview
838:Subpages
823:Hatnotes
739:Taxonomy
734:Medicine
660:Religion
627:Pakistan
622:Malaysia
555:Regional
297:Captions
267:Spelling
2469:Related
2446:Snooker
2371:Science
2296:Ireland
2233:History
2153:Blazons
1957:Linking
1913:Content
1833:below (
1584:Credits
1578:section
1515:notable
1469:needed.
1272:(right)
1146:Wording
1030:brevity
931:caption
763:Snooker
685:Science
602:Ireland
535:History
450:Blazons
217:Linking
173:Content
2575:Search
2434:Sports
2408:Safety
2331:Poland
2281:Hawaii
2261:Canada
2168:Novels
2148:Comics
2070:Tables
2060:Layout
2053:Layout
2044:Images
2022:Images
1829:‹ The
1692:tables
1618:(1875)
1399:leachi
1066:legend
993:Louvre
752:Sports
712:Safety
637:Poland
587:Hawaii
567:Canada
465:Novels
445:Comics
342:Tables
332:Layout
325:Layout
312:Images
290:Images
107:WP:CAP
2357:Islam
2306:Korea
2301:Japan
2286:India
2276:Egypt
2209:Music
2202:Music
2122:Legal
2115:Legal
2091:Lists
2084:Lists
2039:Icons
1709:above
1480:name.
1401:" in
667:Islam
612:Korea
607:Japan
592:India
577:Egypt
499:Music
411:Legal
404:Legal
367:Lists
360:Lists
307:Icons
63:This
16:<
2546:Tips
2158:Film
2136:Arts
1903:Tips
1807:2014
1775:2014
1541:See
1410:Lion
1369:lead
1214:NATO
1114:For
1083:here
891:Tips
455:Film
429:Arts
1731:alt
1474:TNT
1275:or
1791:.
1759:.
1735:.
1627:.
1517:.)
1439:.
1202:).
1196:,
1069:}}
1063:{{
1049:.
1036:.
989:is
945:.
929:A
1869:e
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