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file's relevance to the article is made explicit irrespective of the caption. As a general rule, retain broader points in the article body, including specific points in the media file's description field. For example, the statement: "'Yesterday' is one of the
Beatles' best-known songs" might be more appropriate for the article body than the statement: "The string arrangement on 'Yesterday' utilises counterpoint, which complements McCartney's vocals by reinforcing the tonic", which might be more appropriate as an Ogg file description, especially if the text pertains to the contents of the media file or supports its
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photographer is independently notable, then a wikilink to their biography may be appropriate, and to the picture or photograph in the rare cases where the image itself is notable enough for its own article. Image credits in the infobox image are discouraged, even if the artist is notable, since the infobox should contain only key facts of the article's subject, per
49:
124:
1025:, which is using a relatively small number of words. Succinct captions have more power than verbose ones. More than three lines of text in a caption may be distracting; instead, further information can be provided in the article body. And remember that readers wanting full detail can click through to the
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Unless relevant to the subject, do not credit the image author or copyright holder in the article. It is assumed that this is not necessary to fulfill attribution requirements of the GFDL or
Creative Commons licenses as long as the appropriate credit is on the image description page. If the artist or
1438:
gives an example of an informative yet brief full-sentence caption describing the key element (the singular protagonist) depicted and its relationship to the article's subject. The need for a full-length caption in an infobox can generally indicate one of two things: 1) an exceptionally inappropriate
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Technical images like charts and diagrams may have captions that are much longer than other images. Prose should still be succinct, but the significance of the image should be fully explained. Any elements not included in a legend or clearly labelled should be defined in the caption. A substantial,
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Different people read articles in different ways. Some people start at the top and read each word until the end. Others read the first paragraph and scan through the article's body for other interesting information, looking especially at pictures and captions. Those readers, even if the information
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A good caption explains why a picture belongs in an article. "The 1965 Ford
Mustang introduced the whiz-bang super-speeder" tells the reader why it is worth the trouble to show a photo of a 1965 Ford Mustang rather than just any year of that model car. Links to relevant sections within the article
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Because non-visual media imparts no visual information regarding the content of its file, it is often desirable to include a longer description than is typically acceptable with image captions. As with image captions, care should be taken to include enough relevant information in-line so the media
926:
is text that appears below an image. Most captions draw attention to something in the image that is not obvious, such as its relevance to the text. A caption may be a few words or several sentences. Writing good captions takes effort; along with the lead and section headings, captions are the most
970:
Another way of approaching the job: imagine you're giving a lecture based on the encyclopedia article, and you are using the image to illustrate the lecture. What would you say while attention is on the image? What do you want your audience to notice in the image, and why? Corollary: if you have
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Photographs and other graphics need not have captions if they are "self-captioning" images (such as reproductions of album or book covers) or when they are unambiguous depictions of the subject of the article. In a biography article no caption is necessary for a portrait of the subject pictured
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section, serves to illustrate the topic of the article, as such, the caption should work singularly towards that purpose. Depending on the nature of the subject and the image used, the ideal caption can range from none at all to a regular full-sentence caption. The following examples serve to
979:
One of a caption's primary purposes is to identify the subject of the picture. Make sure your caption does that, without leaving readers to wonder what the subject of the picture might be. Be as unambiguous as practical in identifying the subject. What the picture
1422:– When the caption can convey the significance of the article by explaining the significance or context of the image, it should. For example, "Angelou recites her poem, 'On the Pulse of Morning', at President Bill Clinton's inauguration, January 1993",
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Group portraits of a few people (presumably related to the article) should list the names of the individuals so that readers can identify individuals. Larger groups should have an index photo with numbered silhouettes and a key listing each person's
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is usually a better approach; captions are not very effective unless visible on-screen with the content to which they pertain. Many templates have a parameter for generating a descriptive header. Tables have not only headers but also a
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Other images (especially within infoboxes) where the purpose of the image is clearly nominative, that is, that the picture serves as the typical example of the subject of the article and offers no further information – no caption
1372:– Infoboxes normally display the page name as the title of the infobox. If nothing more than the page name needs to be said about the image, then the caption should be omitted as being redundant with the title of the infobox.
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template can be used in the caption instead of (or in addition to) including the legend explaining the color used in the image. This makes the legend more readable, and allows for easy translation into other languages.
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An artist's rendition of a subject of history should be identified as such to avoid confusing details of actual events or portrait likenesses with artistic renditions of them, which are not always accurate.
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When portraits of a person in an article about that person are captioned, they should be captioned with the year. For example, if the photo is of a special occasion, or of historical significance such as
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is adjacent in the text, will not find it unless it is in the caption. However, it is best not to tell the whole story in the caption, but use the caption to make the reader curious about the subject.
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is important, too. If the image to be captioned is a painting, an editor can give context with the painter's wikilinked name, the title, and a date. The present location may be added in parentheses: (
1115:" to get more context if you do not cover that in the article. In such a caption the name of the painter and date provide information on the cultural point of view of the particular representation.
1111:, "Jesus dines with his disciples" tells something, but add "on the eve of his crucifixion" and it tells much more about the significance. Add "With this meal, Jesus established the tradition of
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image or 2) an image that doesn't really belong in the infobox. Consider this distinction carefully as it depends on how precisely the image applies to the subject as a whole.
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The text of captions should not be specially formatted (with italics, for example), except in ways that would apply if it occurred in the main text. Several discussions (e.g.
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Knowledge (XXG) has its technical means of getting readers to the full-size version of the image; therefore amending the caption with a direct link to the image (for example,
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overthrew the Anglo-Saxon monarchs, bringing a new style of government." Then the reader gets curious about that new form of government and reads text to learn what it is.
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Infobox images with mission insignia – no caption needed, but if there is a description of the symbolism, it should be included on the image description page.
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alone; but one might be used to give the year, the subject's age, or other circumstances of the portrait along with the name of the subject.
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Not every image needs a caption; some are simply decorative. Relatively few may be genuinely self-explanatory. In addition to a caption,
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full discussion of a technical image may be confined to the caption if it improves the structure of the prose in the main article.
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1782:"H67: Using null alt text and no title attribute on img elements for images that AT should ignore – Techniques for WCAG 2.0"
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What is noteworthy about the subject of the picture? If there is an article on the subject of the picture, link to it.
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Additional descriptive information about the image should be contained in the image description on the image's page.
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should offer more complete information about the picture. If it does not, it may be possible to add it there from
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A picture captures only one moment in time. What happened before and after? What happened outside the frame?
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should be in italics, set off with commas, etc. Any one article should use a consistent approach throughout.
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A caption should never simply link to the article in which it appears, though it may link to a specific
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Though uncommon in practice, a caption can also be used for other image-like presentations, including:
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An infobox image and, in the absence of an infobox, a photograph or other image in the article's
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It is usually unnecessary to state what kind of image is being shown. A map of the world showing
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Captions of images in infoboxes and other special situations call for special consideration.
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Keep in mind that not all this information needs to be included in the caption, since the
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29:"WP:CAP" redirects here. For the style guideline on capitalization in article titles, see
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Here are some details people might want to know about the picture (all are linkable):
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Who took it? (Generally, this is included in the caption only if the photographer is
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It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though
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nothing to say about it, then the image probably does not belong in the article.
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commonly read words in an article, so they should be succinct and informative.
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clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious;
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While a short caption is often appropriate, if it might be seen as trivial (
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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images
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1262:) have failed to reach a consensus on whether "stage directions" such as
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the table; this is more useful for most presentations of tabular data.
1750:"H37: Using alt attributes on img elements – Techniques for WCAG 2.0"
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The caption should lead the reader into the article. For example, in
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is using no superfluous or needless words. It is not the same as
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describe the range of situations for particular infobox images:
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1295:(No final period or full stop for lone sentence fragment), not
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There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption:
37:. For the guideline on categorizing articles about people, see
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for ways of unambiguously describing right and left in images.
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1632:(main MoS entry for captions with formatting recommendations)
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Periodic table snippets for each element – no caption needed.
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Sometimes the title-and-subtitle style with a colon works:
33:. For the style guideline on capitalization generally, see
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Neoclassicism: antiquity recreated in an 18th-century mode
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What is the medium (oil-on-canvas/marble/mixed media...)?
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such as the website of the museum that owns the image.
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Most captions are not complete sentences, but merely
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establishes the picture's relevance to the article;
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Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (capitalization)
1726:attribute to describe the function of each visual"
132:Image captions should be succinct and informative.
39:Knowledge (XXG):Categorizing articles about people
1817:Sharp Points: 9 Commandments of Caption Writing
1479:Wernher von Braun surrendering to the Americans
35:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Capital letters
1255:Captions normally start with a capital letter.
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1054:For maps and other images with a legend, the
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1661:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Writing Captions
1310:(Period or full stop ends complete sentence)
2479:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
1520:WikiProject Visual arts Art Manual of Style
936:Knowledge (XXG):Alternative text for images
801:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
60:is a part of the English Knowledge (XXG)'s
26:Knowledge (XXG) guideline on image captions
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1730:W3C Quality Assurance Tips for Webmasters
1209:member countries can be captioned simply
1832:) is being considered for merging. See
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1636:Knowledge (XXG):Accessibility § Images
1318:The stage was spotlit for the occasion
1305:The stage was spotlit for the festival
80:. When in doubt, discuss first on the
1069:Establishing relevance to the article
7:
1314:The Conservatory during the festival
1297:The Conservatory during the festival
1293:The Conservatory during the festival
1119:Drawing the reader into the article
975:Clear identification of the subject
1465:Chemical compound diagrams (as in
962:draws the reader into the article.
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1082:Providing context for the picture
1074:may help draw the reader in (see
959:provides context for the picture;
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1720:Hazaël-Massieux D (2007-05-28).
1700:that puts a descriptive caption
1656:Knowledge (XXG):Uploading images
1651:Knowledge (XXG):Picture tutorial
942:Some criteria for a good caption
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18:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style
1543:Usually less significant are:
1281:, which should not end with a
1129:Image:William I of England.jpg
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2396:References and external links
1531:When was the piece completed?
1528:What is the title or subject?
1193:continues to be played today.
700:References and external links
1836:to help reach a consensus. ›
1486:Tips for describing pictures
1356:Infoboxes and leading images
2249:Specific naming conventions
1406:, and "Publicity photo for
555:Specific naming conventions
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1928:Organizing by subject area
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1287:and any sentence fragments
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1232:Formatting and punctuation
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2554:Wikimedia sister projects
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1787:World Wide Web Consortium
1755:World Wide Web Consortium
856:Wikimedia sister projects
1834:templates for discussion
1552:What are its dimensions?
1447:Other special situations
130:This page in a nutshell:
1603:The midnight visit of "
1646:Knowledge (XXG):Images
1612:
1560:image description page
1518:For works of art (see
1125:History of the Peerage
1027:image description page
2186:Writing about fiction
1681:mathematical formulae
1602:
1522:for fuller details):
1420:Full-sentence caption
1227:) is not appropriate.
1225:click for larger view
1078:for how to do this).
483:Writing about fiction
188:Organizing by subject
142:Manual of Style (MoS)
70:occasional exceptions
2529:Talk page guidelines
2217:Stringed instruments
1923:Disambiguation pages
1667:Notes and references
1607:" as illustrated by
1549:Where is it located?
836:Talk page guidelines
511:Stringed instruments
183:Disambiguation pages
2334:Trinidad and Tobago
2264:France (and French)
2259:China (and Chinese)
1500:Where was it taken?
1283:period or full stop
1215:Map of NATO members
1133:William of Normandy
640:Trinidad and Tobago
575:France (and French)
565:China (and Chinese)
2534:Template namespace
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1525:Who is the artist?
1503:When was it taken?
1330:Special situations
1279:sentence fragments
1040:fair-use rationale
841:Template namespace
785:Related guidelines
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2544:Understandability
2406:Structure drawing
2355:Latter Day Saints
2156:Lyrics and poetry
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1986:Dates and numbers
1693:introductory text
1513:Why was it taken?
1497:For photographs:
1435:BioShock Infinite
1185:A product of the
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2006:Titles of works
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1935:Gender identity
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2089:Lists of works
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1981:Capitalization
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1811:External links
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848:
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828:
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811:Citing sources
808:
806:Categorization
803:
798:
796:Article titles
793:
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762:Figure skating
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245:Capitalization
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231:
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220:Words to watch
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2255:
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2250:
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2240:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Record charts
2210:
2208:
2207:Music samples
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
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2059:
2056:
2054:
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2050:
2048:
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2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Pronunciation
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Abbreviations
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1971:
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1961:
1958:
1956:
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1951:
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1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
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1916:
1914:
1913:Accessibility
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
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1845:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1794:on 2022-03-26
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1762:on 2016-05-19
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1716:
1713:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:, very small
1682:
1676:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1610:
1609:Édouard Manet
1606:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:Elvis Presley
1409:
1404:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1377:
1376:Short caption
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1347:MOS:CAPLENGTH
1344:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1312:
1303:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1219:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
995:
993:
989:
987:
983:
974:
972:
968:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
948:
947:
941:
939:
937:
933:
928:
925:
913:
908:
906:
901:
899:
894:
893:
891:
890:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
782:
781:
767:
763:
760:
757:
753:
750:
749:
746:
741:
740:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
711:
708:
706:
703:
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698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
682:
679:
674:
673:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
649:
648:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
549:
544:
543:
536:
533:
532:
529:
524:
523:
512:
509:
507:
506:Record charts
504:
502:
501:Music samples
499:
498:
497:
496:
493:
489:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
423:
418:
417:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
398:
393:
392:
387:By topic area
384:
383:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
354:
349:
348:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
319:
314:
313:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
284:
279:
278:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
255:Pronunciation
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Abbreviations
238:
237:
234:
229:
228:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
189:
186:
185:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
173:Accessibility
171:
170:
167:
162:
161:
147:
146:
143:
139:
131:
128:
121:
120:
108:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
88:
83:
79:
75:
71:
65:
63:
59:
53:
46:
45:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2595:
2559:WikiProjects
2469:Article size
2058:Lead section
2021:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1827:
1796:. Retrieved
1792:the original
1785:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1760:the original
1753:
1744:
1733:. Retrieved
1729:
1715:
1701:
1692:
1689:family trees
1675:
1614:
1570:
1568:
1557:
1536:proper right
1489:
1450:
1442:
1425:Maya Angelou
1419:
1410:(1957)" for
1407:
1391:
1375:
1369:
1359:
1333:
1286:
1270:
1264:
1213:rather than
1211:NATO members
1190:
1179:
1122:
1106:
1103:
1072:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1022:
1019:Succinctness
1018:
1017:
996:Succinctness
990:
981:
978:
969:
965:
953:is succinct;
945:
929:
923:
921:
861:WikiProjects
791:Article size
330:Lead section
289:
129:
73:
55:
2451:Terminology
2371:Mathematics
2319:Philippines
2181:Visual arts
2176:Video games
1940:Hidden text
1630:MOS:CAPTION
1618:MOS:INFOBOX
1591:MOS:CREDITS
1430:MOS:INFOBOX
1397:Noisy miner
1246:MOS:CAPFRAG
1160:MOS:CAPWORD
1131:might say "
766:Terminology
722:Mathematics
625:Philippines
478:Visual arts
473:Video games
200:Hidden text
74:substantive
2549:User pages
2514:Signatures
2509:Notability
2434:Cue sports
2171:Television
2166:Philosophy
2120:Trademarks
1969:Formatting
1735:2009-07-06
1687:, compact
1381:Bill Cosby
1370:No caption
851:User pages
826:Signatures
821:Notability
752:Cue sports
468:Television
463:Philosophy
409:Trademarks
233:Formatting
107:WP:CAPTION
2391:Chemicals
2381:Chemistry
2329:Singapore
2309:Macedonia
2284:Indonesia
1945:Infoboxes
1918:Biography
1889:Directory
1722:"Use the
1605:The Raven
1167:MOS:MAPOF
1145:Shortcuts
695:Chemicals
685:Chemistry
635:Singapore
610:Macedonia
590:Indonesia
205:Infoboxes
178:Biography
92:Shortcuts
82:talk page
78:consensus
58:guideline
2597:Category
2524:Subpages
2519:Overview
2499:Hatnotes
2494:Contents
2418:Taxonomy
2376:Medicine
2343:Religion
2314:Pakistan
2304:Malaysia
2242:Regional
2022:Captions
1996:Spelling
1882:Overview
1824:template
1798:20 April
1766:20 April
1624:See also
1583:Shortcut
1339:Shortcut
1260:this one
1238:Shortcut
1191:Monopoly
1180:Monopoly
1088:Shortcut
1002:Shortcut
932:alt text
879:Contents
874:Overview
831:Subpages
816:Hatnotes
732:Taxonomy
727:Medicine
653:Religion
620:Pakistan
615:Malaysia
548:Regional
290:Captions
260:Spelling
2462:Related
2439:Snooker
2364:Science
2289:Ireland
2226:History
2146:Blazons
1950:Linking
1906:Content
1826:below (
1577:Credits
1571:section
1508:notable
1462:needed.
1265:(right)
1139:Wording
1023:brevity
924:caption
756:Snooker
678:Science
595:Ireland
528:History
443:Blazons
210:Linking
166:Content
2568:Search
2427:Sports
2401:Safety
2324:Poland
2274:Hawaii
2254:Canada
2161:Novels
2141:Comics
2063:Tables
2053:Layout
2046:Layout
2037:Images
2015:Images
1822:‹ The
1685:tables
1611:(1875)
1392:leachi
1059:legend
986:Louvre
745:Sports
705:Safety
630:Poland
580:Hawaii
560:Canada
458:Novels
438:Comics
335:Tables
325:Layout
318:Layout
305:Images
283:Images
100:WP:CAP
2350:Islam
2299:Korea
2294:Japan
2279:India
2269:Egypt
2202:Music
2195:Music
2115:Legal
2108:Legal
2084:Lists
2077:Lists
2032:Icons
1702:above
1473:name.
1394:" in
660:Islam
605:Korea
600:Japan
585:India
570:Egypt
492:Music
404:Legal
397:Legal
360:Lists
353:Lists
300:Icons
56:This
16:<
2539:Tips
2151:Film
2129:Arts
1896:Tips
1800:2014
1768:2014
1534:See
1403:Lion
1362:lead
1207:NATO
1107:For
1076:here
884:Tips
448:Film
422:Arts
1724:alt
1467:TNT
1268:or
1784:.
1752:.
1728:.
1620:.
1510:.)
1432:.
1195:).
1189:,
1062:}}
1056:{{
1042:.
1029:.
982:is
938:.
922:A
1862:e
1855:t
1848:v
1802:.
1770:.
1738:.
1320:.
1316:.
1307:.
1299:.
1217:.
1202:.
911:e
904:t
897:v
768:)
764:(
758:)
754:(
84:.
64:.
41:.
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