1728:, names of organizations and institutions (e.g. orchestras, musical ensembles and groups, concert halls, festivals, schools, etc.) should follow official usage (i.e. the spelling, punctuation, etc. used by the organization's own publications – always check whether the organization has English-language publications, and if so what name is used in these). In the case of non-English names, we use official English versions if and when they have been established by the organization itself. If not, we use the native name.
3013:
31:
1666:
Present
English usage itself varies on how to spell such French forms and there is currently no consensus among editors on the issue of capitalization. As a general rule, if the individual is not better known by an English equivalent and a French form is to be used, it is recommended, regardless of
896:
to conform to a neutral encyclopedic style and to make things easy to read by following a consistent format. The following rules do not claim to be the last word. One way is often as good as another, but if everyone does it the same way, Knowledge (XXG) will be easier to read and use, not to mention
1710:
Usage varies in contemporary French with regards to the capitalization of words in titles, and especially to the capitalization of initial words after a definite article. All common forms with variant capitalization should redirect to the article. There will often be many redirects, but this is
1750:
Where possible, articles on cities and communes in France should go under ]. Where disambiguation is needed, articles have traditionally used the "comma convention" (the standard convention for place names on the
English language Knowledge (XXG)) and been placed under ]. Thus
1322:. Titles which adhere to these rules may, however, differ from the form of capitalization originally adopted by the author, the cover's graphic artist, or the publishing house (especially for older works that pre-date the current advice of French language authorities).
1999:
Some stations are known by established common names. These are: Gare d'Austerlitz, Gare de Bercy, Gare de l'Est, Gare de Lyon, Gare
Montparnasse. Gare du Nord, Gare Saint-Lazare, Gare de la Bastille, Gare d'Orsay, Charles de Gaulle–Étoile, Châtelet–Les
1766:
Note that on the French
Knowledge (XXG), disambiguation is done with the "parentheses convention" and cities appear as ]. There is currently much discussion (see the talk page) for replacing the comma convention with a parentheses convention.
2348:
157:
1179:
and usual in Canada). When used in article names, all common non-accented/non-ligatured forms should redirect to the article. There will often be many redirects, but this is intentional and does not represent a problem:
63:
2816:
669:
1679:
In
Knowledge (XXG) articles and article titles, French titles of creative works should be put into English, if the work is well known by its title in English (with redirects from the French title). Examples:
1585:
There is currently no standard convention for French noble titles and present-day
English usage varies greatly. In Knowledge (XXG) articles, French noble titles are currently listed in two different ways:
1473:) recommended only "capitalizing the first word of the title and of the subtitle and of all proper nouns". However, the 17th ed. (2017, §1127) now explicitly also recognizes the above system (citing the
2679:
534:
1777:
2014:
2254:
2739:
594:
2899:
2826:
2754:
2637:
770:
679:
609:
480:
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599:
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1622:
936:). There are however many cases in which this rule is difficult to put into practice. When giving a parenthetical French expression after an English word, editors may use
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539:
2669:
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524:
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1662:). While capitalization of noble titles occurred historically in French, this usage is no longer correct in French. This form is, however, frequently found in English.
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Accented characters and ligatures should not affect the sort order of articles in categories etc. So, where proper names have accents or ligatures, include the
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1626:
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which form of capitalization is used, that forms remain consistent throughout a specific article and that redirects be made from the other acceptable forms.
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Common French usage is to omit accents in capitals, however this is not the proper usage and accents should be included in capitals (as required by the
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470:
224:
209:
142:
1698:, a painting by van Gogh. If the work is better known by its title in French, then French should be maintained (with redirects from the English title).
1254:
Communes starting with Saint- are always sorted before communes starting with Sainte-. Do not try to sort Sainte-* communes in with Saint-E* communes.
2281:
1959:). When deciding which end to put first, use the biggest end, or if they are both equally significant (or insignificant), just use what sounds right.
2478:
299:
908:
about which sources are reliable. The important thing to remember is that all sources and articles must conform to
Knowledge (XXG) policies such as
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691:
447:
442:
169:
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2591:
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should not be used, except parenthetically in cases of ambiguity. Instead, the
English-language terms "department" and "region" should be used.
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179:
39:
1780:: consensus may not have been reached and article titles and text will not all use this style. Please contribute to the discussion there.
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2003:
Other station articles should be titled "xxxx station". Where disambiguation is necessary, a suffix can be added e.g. to distinguish
461:
373:
329:
269:
2949:
2571:
1402:), both parts of the title are treated individually by the above rules; explicit subtitles are likewise treated as complete titles.
805:
417:
1291:
The second method had been allowed (not required) only for operas and visual arts, but is in need of a new consensus evaluation.
1981:
1493:
no longer recommends one system over the other, only using a single approach consistently. In
Knowledge (XXG)'s early days, the
1977:
1659:
879:
2954:
1948:
810:
2149:
2136:
2123:
2024:
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1497:
sentence-case system was also followed by some major
English-language reference works, for instance then-recent editions of
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344:
2274:
2228:
2062:
1688:
1505:
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in English translation (Duke of, Count of...) for historical figures and royalty most well known by their English forms.
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51:
2194:
2028:
1760:
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1956:
1860:
1600:
while present-day English usage also varies with regards to the use of "of" or "de" after the titles, the consensus on
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43:
17:
1643:
1465:
1303:
These are the rules used on the French Knowledge (XXG), which are those used by the French National publishing house (
2909:
2904:
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1593:
while present-day English usage varies with regards to the capitalization of these titles, editors should follow the
1523:
894:
guidelines for editing articles in the English-language Knowledge (XXG) which relate to France or the French language
780:
775:
765:
1609:
in French for other cases, maintaining the French title spelling (seigneur, chevalier, marquis, duc, comte) and the
2008:
1289:
For consistency of French titles on the English Knowledge (XXG), the consensus has been to follow the first method.
2069:
1283:
Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (capitalization) § Capitalization of expressions borrowed from other languages
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2889:
760:
119:
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2023:
Where a station is one of several serving a city, the qualifier should be preceded by an unspaced hyphen (e.g.
1785:
2018:
1476:
1319:
2969:
2934:
2929:
2068:
and the categories ], ] and ]. Most pages will have a French equivalent, so link to it (it can be found at
1343:), both the article and its noun (and any modifier between the article and the noun) are capitalized (e.g.
820:
795:
790:
1539:
1014:
French proper names and expressions should respect the use of accents and ligatures in French. These are:
2959:
2316:
1223:
Note that communes and other places starting with the definite article (La, Le, Les, L') should have the
853:
59:
2042:
1809:
1756:
1682:
1121:
2944:
2094:
2058:
All articles about tramways should go under the title "CITY tramway". You should also add the template
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73:
2838:
1307:
1176:
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2919:
933:
785:
1935:
1926:
1895:
1792:
the French system of Roman numerals and French suffixes. The city name should follow. For example,
872:
1617:
Furthermore, in the second case—French titles in French form—capitalization is currently chaotic:
2182:
2004:
1904:
1531:
1436:
1413:
1354:
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2999:
2192:
which generally use "Comte de" (e.g. Comte de Buffon) and "Marquis de" (e.g. Marquis de Sade).
2013:
Where a station serves two communities, the two should be separated by an unspaced endash (e.g.
1963:
1287:
There have been two accepted methods to determine the capitalization of titles of works of art.
125:
2146:
2133:
2120:
2037:
1986:
1972:
1830:
1815:
1547:
1443:
1368:
1346:
1211:
in the article, with those accented characters and ligatures replaced by plain versions. See
974:
1517:. However, new editions of such works have not been checked in this regard in over a decade.
917:
1842:
1208:
1185:
1181:
939:
121:
909:
945:
905:
1788:(for example those of Paris), should use Arabic numbers and English ordinality suffixes,
1382:
if the title is a sentence, only the first letter and proper nouns are capitalized (e.g.
897:
easier to write and edit. This manual is open to all proposals, discussion, and editing.
2188:
865:
913:
3033:
2998:
2244:
1641:). This is considered correct usage in contemporary French, and is the form used by
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1193:
1189:
958:
123:
1967:
1836:
1077:
1055:
1561:
For capitalization rules in other domains than titles of works, see next section,
1553:
50:
It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though
1429:
1363:
1228:
1947:
Should the railway be a touristic railway, use the name used commercially (ex.
1730:
Original English names, translated from other languages, should not be created.
1243:
Apart from the above rules, the following conventions should also be followed:
1824:
1328:
The words capitalized in titles of works of art (books, paintings, etc.) are:
1097:
900:
There is considerable disagreement between the editors of articles related to
2198:
appears to use both "comte de" and "Comte de", "marquis de" and "Marquis de".
2035:
The station's article should include a link to "List of SNCF stations in
1484:
1212:
1952:
1951:). If it is owned by the RFF, use the basis "Xxx–Yyy railway", with an
1151:
1621:
in French with lowercase spelling: comtesse de, marquis de... (e.g.,
2090:
2086:
2082:
901:
928:
The most general rule of the Knowledge (XXG) is that editors should
1650:
in French with capital spelling: Comtesse de, Marquis de... (e.g.,
1315:
Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l'Imprimerie nationale
2259:
1752:
973:. This automatically produces italic rendering in accordance with
930:
use the most common form of the name or expression used in English
1362:
if the initial word is a modifier followed by a noun, the entire
1856:
1161:
1156:
955:
If required in running text, French words or phrases should use
2263:
3000:
2171:
is given as: "Etienne Francois de Choiseul, duke de Choiseul".
944:
where "word" is the French word. Example: National Assembly (
126:
25:
2165:
2081:
French names in articles pertaining to subjects related to
1602:
Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (royalty and nobility)
1581:
Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (royalty and nobility)
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
2015:
Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines–Montigny-le-Bretonneux station
1395:), subsequent nouns of that enumeration are capitalized
1272:
1005:
95:
88:
81:
2164:
See, for example, the Britannica Online Encyclopedia (
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The purpose of this supplementary manual is to create
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2158:
1604:
has been to use "of" when the English title is given.
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2882:
2847:
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2763:
2662:
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2615:
2549:
2528:
2497:
2466:
2435:
2389:
2326:
2207:For the discussion leading to this convention, see
1846:. Piped links to the French terms should be used.
1489:) that it applies to its own sentence-case system.
964:
2213:Knowledge (XXG) talk:WikiProject France/Archive 2
2209:Knowledge (XXG) talk:WikiProject France/Archive 1
1746:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (city names)
1595:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Capital letters
1227:magic word added with the article absent, e.g.
1726:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (companies)
2275:
1834:are inexact equivalents for the French terms
1711:intentional and does not represent a problem.
1639:Jean François Paul de Gondi, cardinal de Retz
1627:Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet
1623:Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné
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8:
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1337:if this initial word is a definite article (
1313:
1304:
1295:
968:
2900:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
1500:New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1463:Since at least the 14th ed. (1993, p. 320)
1391:if the title contains an enumeration (e.g.
1239:Manual sorting within lists, templates etc.
1219:Communes starting with the definite article
771:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
42:is a part of the English Knowledge (XXG)'s
3040:Knowledge (XXG) Manual of Style (regional)
2282:
2268:
2260:
1722:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Trademarks
1652:Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune
1631:Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de BrantĂ´me
880:
866:
396:
360:
107:
2231:– French Knowledge (XXG) Manual of style
2045:) and the Category: "Railway stations in
1647:and in article titles on the French wiki.
1297:Imprimerie nationale / Académie française
1970:. Also, add a link to its regional "TER
1520:Examples of the sentence-case approach:
2253:) is being considered for merging. See
2106:
2093:should follow the guideline set out at
2077:French names in Canada-related articles
1966:, and can base the diagram on the site
1716:Names of organizations and institutions
1562:
1318:. This system is also favoured by the
460:
110:
1656:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
1481:), and draws from it exceptions (like
62:. When in doubt, discuss first on the
7:
2235:Wikipédia:Conventions typographiques
2113:See, for example, the French titles
1385:La vie est un long fleuve tranquille
1704:
1334:the initial word of the title and:
2132:(Marguerite Duras, Folio edition,
24:
2169:Étienne François, duc de Choiseul
1778:under discussion on the talk page
1676:Use English title when well-known
1635:François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac
1398:in cases of a double title (e.g.
58:edit to this page should reflect
3012:
3011:
1807:The French administrative terms
1776:Note that this section is still
29:
2070:fr:Liste des tramways en France
1978:List of railway lines in France
1660:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
1251:magic word with hyphens missing
965:{{lang|fr|Assemblée nationale}}
18:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style
2229:Wikipédia:Conventions de style
2129:Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein
2025:Versailles-Rive Droite station
1511:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
1366:is likewise capitalized (e.g.
1:
2817:References and external links
1506:New Grove Dictionary of Opera
670:References and external links
2257:to help reach a consensus. ›
2195:The New York Review of Books
2119:(André Gide, Folio edition,
2029:Versailles-Chantiers station
1761:Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis
1331:proper nouns (names, cities)
1325:These rules are as follows:
2670:Specific naming conventions
1822:The English-language terms
1803:French administrative terms
1794:5th arrondissement of Paris
1644:The Chicago Manual of Style
1560:
1466:The Chicago Manual of Style
525:Specific naming conventions
3056:
2349:Organizing by subject area
2009:Luxembourg station (Paris)
2007:(in Luxembourg City) from
1872:France-rail-transport-stub
1743:
1703:Capitalization (see above
1692:, a play by Beaumarchais;
1578:
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1120:
1096:
1076:
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984:
71:
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2975:Wikimedia sister projects
2297:
2237:– Typographic conventions
1949:LĂ©zarde Express RĂ©gionale
1786:municipal arrondissements
1686:, an opera by Offenbach;
1143:
826:Wikimedia sister projects
2255:templates for discussion
2145:(Roland Barthes, Seuil,
1798:Paris, Ve arrondissement
1735:Administrative divisions
1524:Les mamelles de Tirésias
1233:{{DEFAULTSORT:Vernelle}}
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1982:Railway lines in France
1957:Paris–Marseille railway
1454:Chicago Manual of Style
1400:Émile ou De l'éducation
1312:) and put forth in its
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2128:
2115:
1980:" and the Categories:
1885:name: SNCF Class NAME
1689:The Marriage of Figaro
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1515:The Viking Opera Guide
1483:
1475:
1353:
1345:
1339:
1314:
1305:
1296:
969:
949:
2607:Writing about fiction
2043:List of SNCF stations
1916:name: SNCF Class NAME
1850:Transport conventions
1757:Duras, Lot-et-Garonne
1683:The Tales of Hoffmann
1540:Les contes d'Hoffmann
992:Accents and ligatures
918:Neutral point of view
453:Writing about fiction
158:Organizing by subject
112:Manual of Style (MoS)
52:occasional exceptions
2950:Talk page guidelines
2638:Stringed instruments
2344:Disambiguation pages
2116:Les caves du Vatican
2063:France Rapid transit
1962:You should also use
1880:Multiple train units
1563:§ Naming conventions
1308:Imprimerie nationale
1177:Imprimerie nationale
910:No original research
806:Talk page guidelines
481:Stringed instruments
153:Disambiguation pages
2755:Trinidad and Tobago
2685:France (and French)
2680:China (and Chinese)
2142:Le plaisir du texte
2019:Mitry–Claye station
1936:SNCF Class BB 22200
1740:Cities and communes
1393:La Belle et la BĂŞte
970:Assemblée nationale
967:, which renders as
950:Assemblée nationale
610:Trinidad and Tobago
545:France (and French)
535:China (and Chinese)
2955:Template namespace
2183:The New York Times
2180:See, for example,
2167:). The entry for
2089:, and the rest of
2005:Luxembourg station
1905:SNCF Class B 81500
1570:Naming conventions
1532:Les Indes galantes
1477:Académie française
1437:Le Ventre de Paris
1423:La Peau de Chagrin
1419:La peau de chagrin
1414:La Peau de chagrin
1355:La Grande Illusion
1320:Académie française
1290:
1215:for an example.
987:French orthography
811:Template namespace
755:Related guidelines
3027:
3026:
2965:Understandability
2827:Structure drawing
2776:Latter Day Saints
2577:Lyrics and poetry
2520:Stand-alone lists
2407:Dates and numbers
1831:metropolitan area
1548:La vie parisienne
1369:Tristes Tropiques
1347:Le Grand Meaulnes
1288:
1173:
1172:
975:MOS:FOREIGNITALIC
890:
889:
816:Understandability
746:
745:
680:Structure drawing
635:Latter Day Saints
488:
487:
423:Lyrics and poetry
345:Stand-alone lists
220:Dates and numbers
106:
105:
3047:
3015:
3014:
3001:
2925:Military history
2834:Computer science
2807:Compound classes
2654:Military history
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1705:§ Capitalization
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1206:{{DEFAULTSORT:}}
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687:Computer science
660:Compound classes
505:Military history
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2557:Anime and manga
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2524:
2493:
2489:Trivia sections
2462:
2448:Image placement
2431:
2427:Titles of works
2422:Text formatting
2385:
2376:Self-references
2356:Gender identity
2322:
2293:
2291:Manual of Style
2288:
2258:
2250:Manual of Style
2225:
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2163:
2156:
2112:
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2079:
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1996:
1945:
1938:though mediocre
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1892:
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1874:
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1852:
1805:
1799:
1773:
1771:Arrondissements
1748:
1742:
1737:
1718:
1673:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1340:le, la, les, l'
1285:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1249:{{DEFAULTSORT}}
1248:
1247:Do not add the
1232:
1231:should contain
1225:{{DEFAULTSORT}}
1224:
1205:
1202:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1000:
994:
989:
983:
956:
937:
926:
886:
836:
835:
756:
748:
747:
742:
741:
717:
707:
706:
650:
640:
639:
625:
615:
614:
520:
510:
509:
500:
490:
489:
403:Anime and manga
394:
384:
383:
369:
358:
350:
349:
325:
315:
314:
310:Trivia sections
290:
280:
279:
265:Image placement
255:
245:
244:
240:Titles of works
235:Text formatting
205:
195:
194:
185:Self-references
165:Gender identity
138:
128:
122:
102:
101:
94:
87:
80:
76:
68:
67:
54:may apply. Any
44:Manual of Style
30:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2910:Citing sources
2907:
2905:Categorization
2902:
2897:
2895:Article titles
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2867:Figure skating
2864:
2863:
2862:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2515:Road junctions
2512:
2510:Lists of works
2507:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Capitalization
2399:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2381:Words to watch
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2264:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2224:
2223:External links
2221:
2218:
2217:
2200:
2189:The New Yorker
2173:
2154:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2054:
2051:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1864:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1772:
1769:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1677:
1672:
1671:Creative works
1669:
1664:
1663:
1648:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1518:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:Les Misérables
1440:
1433:
1426:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1360:
1332:
1323:
1301:
1277:
1276:
1273:MOS:FRENCHCAPS
1268:
1263:
1260:
1259:Capitalization
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1221:
1220:
1201:
1198:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1010:
1009:
1006:WP:FRENCHNAMES
1001:
996:
993:
990:
982:
979:
925:
922:
888:
887:
885:
884:
877:
870:
862:
859:
858:
857:
856:
851:
846:
838:
837:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
781:Citing sources
778:
776:Categorization
773:
768:
766:Article titles
763:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
743:
740:
739:
732:Figure skating
729:
718:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
683:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
651:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
632:
626:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
501:
496:
495:
492:
491:
486:
485:
484:
483:
478:
473:
465:
464:
458:
457:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
395:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
376:
370:
365:
364:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
340:Road junctions
337:
335:Lists of works
332:
326:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
291:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
256:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:Capitalization
212:
206:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
190:Words to watch
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
161:
160:
150:
145:
139:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:
120:
118:
115:
114:
104:
103:
100:
99:
92:
85:
77:
72:
69:
49:
48:
36:
34:
23:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3052:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3020:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3006:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Record charts
2631:
2629:
2628:Music samples
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Pronunciation
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Abbreviations
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Accessibility
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1843:unité urbaine
1839:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1458:sentence case
1455:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:Édouard Manet
1183:
1182:Saint-Étienne
1178:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
991:
988:
980:
978:
976:
971:
960:
953:
951:
947:
941:
935:
931:
924:General rules
923:
921:
919:
915:
914:Verifiability
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
840:
839:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
752:
751:
737:
733:
730:
727:
723:
720:
719:
716:
711:
710:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
644:
643:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
624:
619:
618:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:
514:
513:
506:
503:
502:
499:
494:
493:
482:
479:
477:
476:Record charts
474:
472:
471:Music samples
469:
468:
467:
466:
463:
459:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
399:
398:
393:
388:
387:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
368:
363:
362:
357:By topic area
354:
353:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
324:
319:
318:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
289:
284:
283:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
254:
249:
248:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
225:Pronunciation
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
210:Abbreviations
208:
207:
204:
199:
198:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
143:Accessibility
141:
140:
137:
132:
131:
117:
116:
113:
109:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
70:
65:
61:
57:
53:
47:
45:
41:
35:
28:
27:
19:
3016:
2980:WikiProjects
2890:Article size
2684:
2479:Lead section
2315:
2308:
2301:
2248:
2203:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2109:
2080:
2046:
2036:
2034:
1985:
1971:
1961:
1946:
1866:
1841:
1837:aire urbaine
1835:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1774:
1765:
1749:
1729:
1719:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1665:
1642:
1616:
1610:
1584:
1575:Noble titles
1559:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1470:
1464:
1453:
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