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207:"...not the system of the world, but a system that is a world and which can be, most often has been, located in an area less than the entire globe. World-systems analysis argues that the units of social reality within which we operate, whose rules constrain us, are for the most part such world-systems . ...there have been thus far only two varieties of world-systems: world-economies and world empires. A world-empire (examples, the
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There is an ongoing debate among scholars whether we can talk about multiple world-systems. For those who support the multiple world-systems approach, there have been many world-systems throughout worlds history, some replacing others, as was the case when a multipolar world-system of the 13th-14th
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The alternative approach insists that there was only one World System that originated in the Near East five or even ten thousand years ago, and gradually encompassed the whole world; thus, the present-day truly global World System can be regarded as its continuation.
160:, wherein the drive-down of wages increases the profit for the capitalists on the short-run, but considering the long run, the decreasing of wages may have a crucially harmful effect by reducing the demand for the product. The last temporal feature is the
117:. In the modern world-system, the division of labor consists of three zones according to the prevalence of profitable industries or activities: core, semiperiphery, and periphery. Countries tend to fall into one or another of these interdependent zones
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in 1648. Several world-systems can coexist, provided that they have little or no interaction with one another. Where such interactions becomes significant, separate world-systems merge into a new, larger world-system. Through the process of
215:) are large bureaucratic structures with a single political center and an axial division of labor, but multiple cultures. A world-economy is a large axial division of labor with multiple political centers and multiple cultures."
276:. There are, however, dissenting voices, as some scholars do not support the contention that there is only one world-system in the modern day; Janet Abu-Lughod states that multiple world-systems did exist in past epochs.
256:-centered world-systems. Others coexisted unknowingly with others, not linked to them directly or indirectly; in those cases the world-systems weren't worldwide (for example, prior to
81:, the modern world has reached the state of one dominant world-system, but in human history there have been periods where separate world-systems existed simultaneously, according to
243:"... In English, the hyphen is essential to indicate these concepts. "World system" without a hyphen suggests that there has been only one world-system in the history of the world."
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129:. Resources are redistributed from the underdeveloped, typically raw materials-exporting, poor part of the world (the periphery) to developed, industrialized core.
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Thus, we can differentiate world-systems into politically unified (world-empires) and not unified (world-economies). Small, non-state units such as
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World-systems are defined by the existence of a division of labor. The modern world-system has a multi-state political structure (the
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means a general controversy in the system, usually concerning some short term vs. long term trade-offs. For example, the problem of
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E.g., Chase-Dunn Ch. K. and Hall Th. D. (1997), ‘Rise and Demise. Comparing World - Systems’ Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
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Wallerstein. 1974. "The Rise and Future Demise of the World-Capitalist System: Concepts for
Comparative Analysis."
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Korotayev A. A Compact
Macromodel of World System Evolution // Journal of World-System Research 11 (2005): 79–93
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André Gunder Frank, Barry K. Gills, The world system: five hundred years or five thousand?, Routledge, 1996,
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André Gunder Frank, Barry K. Gills, The world system: five hundred years or five thousand?, Routledge, 1996,
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World system refers to the entire world, whereas world-system is its fragment - the largest
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is the preeminent world-system operating in the contemporary world, denoting the system of
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Introduction to Social
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European Hegemony: The World System AD. 1250-1350"
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History & Mathematics: Historical
Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies
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From modernization to globalization: perspectives on development and social change
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The most well-known version of the world-system approach has been developed by
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Discontinuities and persistence. One world system or a succession of systems?
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WORLD-SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, in World System
History , [Ed. George Modelski
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The world-systems theory stresses that world-systems (and not
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Social theory in a changing world: conceptions of modernity
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that makes sense. Wallerstein stresses the importance of
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The world system: five hundred years or five thousand?
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