476:": corresponds to mid October-mid November 520 BCE. Two months before, "in the sixth month" Haggai, conjointly with Zechariah, exhorted Zerubbabel and the people to resume the intermitted building of the temple, despite the partial discouragement of the Persian Government, and "in the seventh month" Haggai conveyed the magnificent promise about 'the later glory of the temple'.). However, Haggai also warned them, that the conversion was not complete, and Zechariah "in the eighth month", as well as Haggai "in the ninth month",), urges a “thorough and inward repentance,” as the condition of receiving God's promises.
560:
47:
503:"Zechariah": The name means "one whom Jehovah remembers": a common name, four others of the same name occurring in the Old Testament. Like Jeremiah and Ezekiel, he was a priest as well as a prophet, which adapts him for the sacerdotal character of some of his prophecies. He is called "the son of Berechiah the son of Iddo"; but simply "the son of Iddo" in
1878:
879:, pp. 73–78 notes that verse numbers were first used by Rabbi Isaac Nathan in a Hebrew concordance of Masoretic Text in the 15th century, but not fully printed in a Hebrew Bible until the publication of the Antwerp Polyglott of 1569, whereas Pagninus' Latin Bible of 1528 was published with Arabic numerals for every verse in the whole book.
546:"The son of Iddo the prophet": the word "prophet", as Kimchi observes, belongs to Zechariah; not but that his grandfather Iddo might be a prophet too; and the same writer takes notice, that in the Midrash mention is made of Iddo the prophet; and so there is an Iddo that is called the seer and the prophet in
567:
This section records the first of
Zechariah's eight night visions, which are his primary and most distinctive feature, with a high literary form and a standardized format, structured in a concentric pattern. In the first vision, the earth is peaceful and expectant, patrolled by the four horsemen (the
617:
name) answered to parts of
January and February. It was three months since Zechariah had been called to the prophetical office, and two months after Haggai delivered his final prophecies, so now Zechariah carries on the revelation. The term is Chaldee, meaning a "shoot," namely, the month when trees
511:. Probably his father died when he was young; and hence, as sometimes occurs in Jewish genealogies, he is called "the son of Iddo," his grandfather. Iddo was one of the priests who returned to Zerubbabel and Joshua from Babylon.) He was murdered on a
730:. As the horns are perhaps made of strong metal (representing oppressive nations with strong military), they can only be cut off by "craftsmen" or "blacksmiths", who represent 'deliverers whom the Lord raises up, such as kings like Cyrus of Persia'.
602:"the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month... in the second year of Darius": Corresponds to mid-January to mid-February 519 BCE, exactly five months after the building of the temple was resumed, and two months after Haggai's last prophecy.
715:
And he said, "These are the horns that scattered Judah after which no one could raise his head; and these four craftsmen have come to terrify and throw down the horns of the nations who lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter
1331:
543:, but this Zechariah is from the 9th century, during the First Temple period, before the exile to Babylon, and he was killed by officials of Judah who wanted to worship pagan deities, not by priests.
633:
Then the Angel of the Lord answered and said, "O Lord of hosts, how long will You not have mercy on
Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which You were angry these seventy years?"
563:"The Vision of Zechariah". A miniature from Sicily (circa 1300) shows Zechariah's first vision. Zechariah stands on the left, next to an angel who points to a man mounting a red horse.
376:
344:
312:
276:
649:
The second vision contains the symbolism of the 'powerful nations that have terrorized the chosen people' and the 'counterforces ("blacksmiths" or "craftsmen") raised by
434:
Verses 1–6 serve as an "Introduction" to the subsequent visions and prophecies received by
Zechariah with a call for the people to repentance. This section together with
2571:
383:
2165:
2587:
196:
This article generally follows the common numbering in
Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions.
1699:
2134:
133:. As the first of the 14 chapters in the book, this chapter is a part of a section (so-called "First Zechariah") consisting of Zechariah 1-
2633:
2607:
1966:
1932:
1865:
1734:
246:(with a different verse numbering), made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include
2056:
1827:
1786:
1760:
2185:
217:
150:
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2592:
2158:
756:
425:
Verse 7: "the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month" corresponds to a date between mid-January and mid-February 519 BCE.
572:). The 'seventy years of the Lord's withholding mercy are fulfilled, the people are returned and the temple is to be rebuilt.
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540:
547:
1562:
2602:
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644:
2333:
1413:
1368:
674:
1529:
1245:
1435:
559:
378:; 6th century). Some fragments containing parts of this chapter (a revision of the Septuagint) were found among the
2469:
2151:
1709:
524:
126:
2597:
1315:
1778:
The New Oxford
Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48
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678:
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1289:
1914:
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287:
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1600:
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582:
Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Sebat, in the second year of Darius,
1893:
912:
508:
1903:
699:; KJV: "carpenters"; NET Bible: "blacksmiths"; a generic term which can mean "metalworker, smith, armorer".
504:
2439:
1837:
682:
670:
694:
386:; late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 1–4, 12–14, 19–21 (verses 2:2–4 in Masoretic verse numbering)
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1804:
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130:
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2021:. Vol. 14. Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.
406:" (son of Hystaspes), the king of Persia. Accordingly, Zechariah was a contemporary of the prophet
1364:
1267:
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1113:
231:, including: 4Q80 (4QXII; 75–50 BCE) with extant verses 4–6, 8–10, 13–15, and Mur88 (MurXII; from
165:
There are some differences in verse numbering of this chapter in
English Bibles and Hebrew texts:
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2003:
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232:
46:
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114:
74:
53:
1775:(2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.).
1689:
2515:
2414:
2348:
2095:
1987:
1950:
766:
587:
came the word of the Lord unto
Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet,
512:
493:
473:
457:
came the word of the Lord unto
Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet,
403:
379:
279:
228:
2016:
2500:
2363:
2138:
1851:
1813:
1746:
1713:
606:
539:". There is another Zechariah son of the priest Jehoiada that was murdered as recorded in
497:
247:
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213:
205:
146:
137:. It records an introduction and the first two of eight visions received by the prophet.
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2030:
1888:
1798:
1462:
761:
209:
2627:
2540:
2393:
2026:
1978:
Moore, G. F. (1893). "The
Vulgate Chapters and Numbered Verses in the Hebrew Bible".
1918:
402:, which place the recorded events in the year of 520-519 BCE, "in the second year of
122:
94:
2119:
125:
of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
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892:
840:
520:
489:; corresponds to parts of October and November, usually a time of rain in the area.
118:
2082:
2046:
1955:
1922:
1855:
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1729:. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
1724:
537:
Zechariah son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the sanctuary and the altar
515:
in the Second Temple in Jerusalem, because of his admonishment, according to the
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239:
134:
61:
36:
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422:
Verse 1: "in the eighth month" corresponds to mid October–mid November 520 BCE.
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243:
84:
1999:
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son of Hystaspes, and the third Persian monarch:; not to be confused with
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1927:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 610–615.
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751:
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411:
31:
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2338:
2314:
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2007:
864:
1723:
Boda, Mark J. (2016). Harrison, R. K.; Hubbard, Jr, Robert L. (eds.).
1715:
Notes, critical, illustrative, and practical, on the book of Zechariah
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1213:
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2051:. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans.
1905:
A commentary, critical and explanatory, on the Old and New Testaments
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1991:
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2032:
The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
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1346:
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650:
532:
227:
Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the
2147:
204:
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in
153:
21 verses in English Bibles. The Hebrew Bible uses different "
992:
990:
568:
first of numerous symbols from Zechariah to be reused in the
1822:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
2132:
Zechariah 1 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
2084:
Targum Lamentations' reading of the Book of Lamentations
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
977:
975:
2015:
Spence-Jones, H. D. M.; Exell, Joseph S., eds. (1884).
1902:
Jamieson, Robert; Brown, David; Fausset, A. R. (1871).
1819:
A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
1380:
1378:
1376:
1034:
1032:
1299:
1297:
895:(930) at present only contains Zechariah 9:17b–14:21.
360:
328:
296:
260:
235:; from early 2nd century CE) with extant verses 1–4.
1401:
962:
960:
958:
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1781:(Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
100:
90:
80:
70:
23:
1954:
1913:Larkin, Katrina J. A. (2007). "37. Zechariah". In
1108:
1106:
1104:
452:In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius,
370:
338:
306:
270:
1949:Mason, Rex (1993). "Zechariah, The Book of.". In
1808:. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1352:
622:in the Septuagint version, and in the Apocrypha.
1897:. Vol. 12. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
394:This chapter contains two "date formulas", in
2159:
1463:"Which Zechariah was murdered in the temple?"
8:
686:
472:"In the eighth month, in the second year of
639:Vision of the horns and craftsmen (1:18–21)
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2152:
2144:
2120:Zechariah 1 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary
1846:. Vol. 2. London: Matthews and Leigh.
1457:
1455:
726:"these", referring to the four persons in
710:And I said, "What are these coming to do?"
1446:
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1071:
362:
361:
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330:
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298:
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262:
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2115:Zechariah 1 Hebrew with Parallel English
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1166:
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1059:Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament
167:
1843:An Exposition of the Old Testament, etc
981:
952:
856:
663:Then the Lord showed me four craftsmen.
1658:
1613:"Hebrew Text Analysis: Zechariah 1:20"
1506:
1487:
1303:
1233:
1221:
1130:
1023:
966:
20:
1752:Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures
1670:
1038:
1008:
996:
876:
442:form an editorial frame of the book.
145:The original text was written in the
7:
1384:
1202:
1154:
1095:
1083:
888:
531:... from the blood of the righteous
483:before the Captivity, and afterward
218:the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets
154:
687:
363:
331:
299:
263:
1402:Jamieson, Brown & Fausset 1871
863:Chapter numbers was first used in
618:begin to "shoot" or "bud". Called
479:"The eighth month": it was called
14:
1957:The Oxford Companion to the Bible
238:There is also a translation into
131:Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets
1876:
1802:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
527:: "...shedding the blood of the
45:
2081:Brady, Christian M. M. (1999).
757:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
371:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}
339:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}
307:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}
271:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}
2551:Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
1980:Journal of Biblical Literature
1:
2506:Four Horns and Four Craftsmen
2090:(PhD). University of Oxford.
2048:The Text of the Old Testament
1908:. Hartford: S.S. Scranton Co.
1796:Fenlon, John Francis (1910).
1688:Alexander, Philip S. (2007).
1353:Spence-Jones & Exell 1884
727:
645:Four Horns and Four Craftsmen
1953:; Coogan, Michael D (eds.).
1718:. London: Blackie & Son.
1712:(1834). James Murphy (ed.).
1224:, p. 1358 Hebrew Bible.
1026:, p. 1357 Hebrew Bible.
519:2:20. This was mentioned by
410:, confirming the records in
399:
395:
151:This chapter is divided into
113:is the first chapter of the
1961:. Oxford University Press.
1924:The Oxford Bible Commentary
911:note on Zechariah 1:20 in
891:, p. 3 notes that the
384:Naḥal Ḥever 8Ḥev1 (8ḤevXII)
101:Order in the Christian part
2650:
2634:Book of Zechariah chapters
1691:The Targum of Lamentations
642:
2608:American Standard Version
1860:. Yale University Press.
1857:Introduction to the Bible
555:Vision of horses (1:7–17)
44:
28:
1883:Hirsch, Emil G. (1906).
722:"These four craftsmen":
1894:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1333:Antiquities of the Jews
867:Bible in 13th century,
605:"the month Sebat": The
129:, and is a part of the
2440:Joshua the High Priest
1891:; et al. (eds.).
613:" (called here by its
564:
372:
340:
308:
272:
2613:World English Version
2137:4 August 2017 at the
2018:The Pulpit Commentary
1805:Catholic Encyclopedia
1773:Coogan, Michael David
1726:The Book of Zechariah
562:
541:2 Chronicles 24:20–21
373:
341:
309:
273:
212:, which includes the
64:, circa 13th century.
52:The beginning of the
1885:"Zechariah, Book of"
1799:"Hebrew Bible"
1694:. Liturgical Press.
1061:. scripture4all.org.
358:
326:
294:
258:
222:Codex Leningradensis
91:Christian Bible part
1814:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
1490:, pp. 611–612.
1449:, p. loc=2:20.
1193:, pp. 127–128.
1133:, pp. 619–620.
1011:, pp. 826–828.
926:Zechariah 1:21 NKJV
517:Targum Lamentations
346:; 5th century) and
2603:King James Version
2096:uk.bl.ethos.313582
1755:. Fortress Press.
1118:The Way to Yahuweh
1114:"Dead Sea Scrolls"
938:Zechariah 1:21 NET
570:Book of Revelation
565:
368:
348:Codex Marchalianus
336:
316:Codex Alexandrinus
304:
268:
2621:
2620:
2175:Book of Zechariah
1701:978-0-8146-5864-2
1673:, pp. 73–78.
1563:1 Maccabees 16:14
1469:. 7 February 2009
1181:, pp. 73–74.
1120:. 5 January 2016.
1074:, pp. 35–37.
907:358 s.v. חָרָשׁ;
548:2 Chronicles 9:29
216:(from year 895),
200:Textual witnesses
194:
193:
115:Book of Zechariah
108:
107:
75:Book of Zechariah
54:Book of Zechariah
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2598:Wycliffe Version
2349:Hananeel (tower)
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2043:Würthwein, Ernst
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535:to the blood of
525:Matthew 23:29–36
513:Day of Atonement
380:Dead Sea Scrolls
377:
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314:; 4th century),
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280:Codex Sinaiticus
278:; 4th century),
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229:Dead Sea Scrolls
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2364:Mount of Olives
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2139:Wayback Machine
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2075:Further reading
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1992:10.2307/3259119
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1157:, pp. 3–4.
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1086:, pp. 2–3.
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685:): from Hebrew
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629:
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557:
523:as recorded in
498:Darius the Mede
448:
432:
430:Preface (1:1–6)
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324:
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292:
291:
256:
255:
248:Codex Vaticanus
233:Wadi Murabba'at
214:Codex Cairensis
202:
163:
161:Verse numbering
157:" (see below).
155:verse numbering
147:Hebrew language
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66:
65:
40:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2104:External links
2102:
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2100:
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2057:
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2037:
2029:, ed. (2010).
2027:Ulrich, Eugene
2023:
2012:
1974:
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1968:978-0195046458
1967:
1946:
1934:978-0199277186
1933:
1919:Muddiman, John
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1710:Barnes, Albert
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1637:Zechariah 1:21
1629:
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1601:Zechariah 1:20
1593:
1582:Jeremiah 29:10
1578:Jeremiah 25:12
1574:Zechariah 1:12
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1519:Jeremiah 25:11
1511:
1509:, p. 612.
1492:
1480:
1451:
1447:Alexander 2007
1439:
1428:
1417:
1414:Zechariah 6:13
1406:
1404:, p. 715.
1389:
1387:, p. 676.
1372:
1369:Zechariah 1:15
1357:
1340:
1319:
1308:
1293:
1290:Haggai 2:10–14
1282:
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1260:
1249:
1238:
1236:, p. 611.
1226:
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1195:
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1179:Würthwein 1995
1171:
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1052:"Zechariah 1"
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669:"Craftsmen" (
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242:known as the
241:
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123:Old Testament
120:
116:
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103:
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95:Old Testament
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
27:
22:
19:
16:Bible chapter
2588:Hebrew Bible
2193:
2083:
2062:. Retrieved
2047:
2031:
2017:
1986:(1): 73–78.
1983:
1979:
1956:
1938:. Retrieved
1923:
1915:Barton, John
1904:
1892:
1856:
1842:
1818:
1803:
1777:
1751:
1725:
1714:
1690:
1666:
1654:
1648:Isaiah 54:16
1643:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1617:biblehub.com
1616:
1607:
1596:
1569:
1558:
1547:
1536:
1525:
1514:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1442:
1431:
1420:
1409:
1360:
1332:
1322:
1316:1 Kings 6:38
1311:
1285:
1279:Haggai 2:1–9
1274:
1263:
1252:
1241:
1229:
1205:, p. 5.
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1117:
1098:, p. 3.
1091:
1079:
1067:
1058:
1046:
1004:
982:Collins 2014
932:
920:
908:
900:
893:Aleppo Codex
884:
872:
859:
841:Revelation 6
723:
714:
709:
692:
662:
648:
632:
619:
607:Hebrew month
591:
586:
581:
566:
536:
528:
521:Jesus Christ
516:
484:
480:
461:
456:
451:
433:
393:
351:
319:
283:
251:
237:
226:
203:
195:
164:
144:
119:Hebrew Bible
110:
109:
18:
2565:Manuscripts
2374:Philistines
2194:Zechariah 1
1659:Fenlon 1910
1552:Haggai 2:20
1541:Haggai 2:15
1507:Larkin 2007
1488:Larkin 2007
1473:20 December
1467:errancy.com
1304:Barnes 1834
1234:Larkin 2007
1222:Coogan 2007
1131:Ulrich 2010
1024:Coogan 2007
967:Hirsch 1906
833:Zechariah 6
829:Zechariah 5
825:Zechariah 4
821:Zechariah 3
817:Zechariah 2
801:Jeremiah 29
797:Jeremiah 25
695:khā-rā-shîm
240:Koine Greek
220:(916), and
208:are of the
111:Zechariah 1
62:Codex Gigas
24:Zechariah 1
2593:Septuagint
2572:8HevXII gr
2556:Yom Kippur
2541:Tisha B'Av
2475:Zerubbabel
2280:Armageddon
2064:26 January
1940:6 February
1838:Gill, John
1671:Moore 1893
1622:26 October
1586:Daniel 9:2
1365:Haggai 1:1
1268:Ezra 5:3–5
1257:Ezra 5:1–2
1039:Mason 1993
1009:Mason 1993
997:Hayes 2015
877:Moore 1893
846:References
837:Matthew 23
688:חָרָשִֽׁים
492:"Darius":
486:Marchesvan
436:chapters 7
244:Septuagint
2516:Lampstand
2470:Zechariah
2425:Berechiah
2359:Jerusalem
2126:Christian
2000:0021-9231
1385:Gill 1810
1203:Boda 2016
1155:Boda 2016
1096:Boda 2016
1084:Boda 2016
947:Citations
936:Note on
924:Note on
889:Boda 2016
772:Jerusalem
742:Berechiah
509:Ezra 6:14
416:Ezra 6:14
127:Zechariah
37:chapter 2
2628:Category
2496:Cheshvan
2354:Jebusite
2305:Dead Sea
2300:Damascus
2290:Ashkelon
2186:chapters
2135:Archived
2045:(1995).
2035:. Brill.
1921:(eds.).
1854:(2015).
1840:(1810).
1816:(2008).
1749:(2014).
1336:. 1.3.1.
1328:Josephus
813:Haggai 2
809:Haggai 1
805:Daniel 9
783:Related
752:Cheshvan
735:See also
704:Verse 21
657:Verse 20
627:Verse 12
615:Chaldean
529:prophets
505:Ezra 5:1
412:Ezra 5:1
396:verses 1
382:, i.e.,
224:(1008).
81:Category
32:Haggai 2
2581:Sources
2546:Tishrei
2484:Phrases
2339:Hadrach
2315:Ephraim
2008:3259119
1681:Sources
865:Vulgate
787:parts:
592:saying,
576:Verse 7
462:saying,
446:Verse 1
187:1:18-21
182:1:1-16
174:Hebrew
171:English
121:or the
117:in the
85:Nevi'im
39: →
30:←
2531:Tammuz
2526:Shevat
2511:Kislev
2460:Shimei
2455:Nathan
2435:Israel
2415:Darius
2408:People
2384:Shinar
2379:Shfela
2344:Hamath
2334:Rimmon
2295:Bethel
2285:Ashdod
2109:Jewish
2094:
2055:
2006:
1998:
1965:
1931:
1881:
1864:
1826:
1785:
1759:
1733:
1698:
793:Ezra 6
789:Ezra 5
777:Shevat
747:Darius
611:Shevat
494:Darius
474:Darius
408:Haggai
404:Darius
206:Hebrew
190:2:1-4
179:1:1-17
2536:Tevet
2521:Olive
2445:Judah
2420:David
2389:Sidon
2369:Negev
2330:Hadad
2310:Ekron
2268:Place
2183:Bible
2092:EThOS
2088:(PDF)
2004:JSTOR
1887:. In
1055:(PDF)
905:HALOT
851:Notes
785:Bible
767:Judah
620:Sabat
58:Latin
2465:YHWH
2450:Levi
2430:Iddo
2399:Zion
2394:Tyre
2325:Geba
2320:Gaza
2066:2019
2053:ISBN
1996:ISSN
1963:ISBN
1942:2019
1929:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1624:2020
1475:2016
909:apud
762:Iddo
724:lit.
716:it."
683:NKJV
675:NASB
651:YHWH
533:Abel
507:and
438:and
414:and
398:and
390:Time
141:Text
71:Book
1988:doi
913:NET
679:NIV
671:MEV
653:'.
481:Bul
288:BHK
60:in
2630::
2491:Ab
2259:14
2254:13
2249:12
2244:11
2239:10
2002:.
1994:.
1984:12
1982:.
1917:;
1615:.
1588:,
1584:,
1580:,
1576:,
1495:^
1465:.
1454:^
1392:^
1375:^
1367:,
1343:^
1330:.
1296:^
1210:^
1116:.
1103:^
1057:.
1031:^
1016:^
989:^
974:^
955:^
839:,
835:,
831:,
827:,
823:,
819:,
815:,
811:,
807:,
803:,
799:,
795:,
791:,
691:,
681:,
677:,
673:,
418:.
354:;
322:;
290::
286:;
254:;
149:.
104:38
2332:-
2234:9
2229:8
2224:7
2219:6
2214:5
2209:4
2204:3
2199:2
2167:e
2160:t
2153:v
2098:.
2068:.
2010:.
1990::
1971:.
1944:.
1870:.
1832:.
1791:.
1765:.
1739:.
1704:.
1661:.
1626:.
1477:.
1355:.
1338:.
1306:.
969:.
915:.
609:"
550:.
500:.
440:8
400:7
364:G
352:Q
350:(
332:G
320:A
318:(
300:G
284:S
282:(
264:G
252:B
250:(
135:8
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