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as spas (Alhama de Aragón). One of his finest poems celebrates a visit by his friend and fellow citizen
Licinianus to Bilbilis. He moved to Rome when he was twenty-four years old; he stayed there more than thirty-four years and then came back to Bilbilis for three years. Finally, he went back to Rome where he published his last book (10th) and died in the year 103 AD.
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The famous and eminent poet
Martial was born in Bilbilis in 38–41 AD and romanticised his provincial upbringing. He often praised his own country in his poems, for example the sulphurous springs of Aquae Bilbilitanorum situated approximately 24 km west on the Roman main road which are still used
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The theatre was conceived as a whole with the forum to which it is linked by a series of gates and corridors. Its layout has two floors with
Corinthian capitals on both, and takes advantage of the natural terrain. It must have been intended for shows of local character, since its capacity of around
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The town must have flourished with
Sejanus as benefactor, but was ultimately hurt with his demise when he was proved to be a traitor. All statues and monuments were subject to "damnatio memoriae" along with the coinage. Most of the coins were of the "as" or semis variety which were filed or stamped
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The city was laid out in Roman fashion through many costly and complex construction projects. The topography of the terrain imposed a terraced layout with steep streets, hills and ramps, in contrast to the usual rectangular grid of a Roman town. Communication between terraces was achieved through
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Much of the contents of the Museum of
Calatayud consists of archaeological remains from Bilbilis. These include the picture groups, the coin collection from the mint and sculpture collection of portraits of the Julio-Claudian imperial family is found in the theatre area. Among them of particular
230:. It was not until the 1st century, however, that Roman culture, language and customs, gradually began to spread into the hinterland with the indigenous cultures taking on many and varied aspects of Roman life while still maintaining aspects of their own distinct cultures.
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tribe, of which
Bilbilis was their capital. Their earliest coin issue includes a male head facing right, with dolphin to the left of the portrait on the obverse, while the reverse depicts a horseman carrying a spear and the inscription
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becoming
Augusta Bilbilis and thus enjoyed the many privileges under Roman law, including bestowing Roman citizenship on all its inhabitants. Monumentalisation of civic and urban spaces characterise the Augustan period.
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to become the political, administrative, economic and social centre of the region. To perform these functions an urban complex consisting of arcaded square, temple, basilica and curia, and
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The forum is a practically square area located in front of the temple in the upper part of the city and is decorated with marble and statues, and framed by porticos, a
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Coins were also minted in the city with "Augusta
Bilbilis" on the reverse along with the governor's name. There were 10 minted under Augustus, four under
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The indigenous
Celtiberian settlement of Bilbilis was situated on the heights of Cerro de Bambola and part of San Paterno, lying to the North of ancient
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These are situated on a hillside and surrounded by several cisterns that supplied water. The rooms of these springs consisted of a raised pool in the
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Recent excavations have uncovered many of the remains visible today which dominate the surrounding area and are testament to the city's rich past.
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The first contact between the eventual conquerors of the area, the Romans, and the
Lusones occurred around the 2nd century BC, when
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and theatre. Towards this area converged the two main access roads from the gates located in the city walls, one next to the river
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based on a network of hydraulic tanks adapted to the contour of the land that provided the city with a permanent water supply.
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The city's heyday was the 1st century. It declined rapidly in the 2nd century AD and by the 3rd century it was half-deserted.
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interest is the Augustus "capite velato" found in 2009, one of the few examples of this official portrait found in Hispania.
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embarked on a series of administrative reforms including the Conventus of Bilbilis. The main road from
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puts forth a thought-provoking history of how Sejanus played a role in the life of Jesus in his book
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ramps for people and vehicles to move through twisting paths adapted to the slope of the hills.
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4,500 spectators far exceeds the needs of the small town estimated at up to 3500 population.
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journeyed from the Mediterranean coast of Spain into the hinterland, a region referred to as
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to Caesaraugusta passed near and benefitted Bilbilis. The city was given the status of
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to erase his name from memory. Some very rare coins have his name still legible. Dr.
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as consul on which COS (consul) was stamped inside a garland of oak leaves (the
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Marble bust of emperor Claudius (41-51 AD) from Bilbilis (Zaragoza museum
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The middle part of the city was reserved for the main monuments, the
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Cubiculum (bedroom) from Domus 2, Insula I, 50 BC (Calatayud Museum)
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Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Zaragoza
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Its inhabitants belonged to the group of the Celtic tribes of
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Fresco from domus 3, insula I, 1st c. BC (Catalayud Museum)
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575:(SNG) Vol IX. The British Museum. Nos. 858–867
179:and 60 km SW of the Roman colony of Col.
524:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
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646:http://catedu.es/aragonromano/bilbilen.htm
444:Fresco from the thermae (Calatayud Museum)
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
544:Claudius Ptolomaeus, Geographia II 6, 57
535:Strabo, Geographia (Hispania) III 4, 13
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137:. It was the birthplace of famous poet
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553:St. Paulinus of Nola (carm. 10,223f.)
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632:Itinerarium Antonini 437,3 and 439,1
461:Exhibits in the Museum of Calatayud
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655:Categories
510:References
483:41°22′53″N
345:Municipium
260:Municipium
228:Celtiberia
127:municipium
66:newspapers
55:"Bilbilis"
33:references
671:Calatayud
590:"Martial"
486:1°36′11″W
455:caldarium
449:The baths
397:The forum
383:Calatayud
357:nymphaeum
149:Calatayud
594:Archived
418:Tiberius
403:basilica
272:Caligula
268:Tiberius
252:Augustus
209:Bilbilis
185:Zaragoza
183:(modern
375:thermae
349:theatre
276:Sejanus
204:Lusones
166:History
139:Martial
80:scholar
409:, and
302:Judaea
298:Pilate
177:Segeda
131:Romans
121:was a
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407:curia
379:domus
368:Jalón
364:forum
353:Baths
306:Capri
161:Forum
87:JSTOR
73:books
602:2024
571:See
522:See
125:(or
123:city
59:news
300:to
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