109:
117:
28:
218:
PPAs, as any thermoplastic, are theoretically fully recyclable by remelting, and as a condensation polymer by depolymerization. Commercial recycling requires the cost of logistics and cleaning and processing to be lower than the cost of virgin polymer, which is not always the case. The PPA waste
188:
Polyphthalamide based resins are injection molded into parts that are used in a wide variety of applications. Automotive uses include fuel and coolant lines, pump wear rings, motor bobbin parts, fuel line connectors, water heater manifolds fuel modules, fuel cut-off valves, thermostat housing, air
179:
While there have been large investigations into PA/polyolefin blends, little has been published about the properties of PPA/ polyolefin blends. This may be due to the relatively high processing temperatures needed for PPA based resins compared to the temperature stability of polyolefins.
159:
v amorphous polymers are described elsewhere in detail. Briefly, crystallinity helps with chemical resistance and mechanical properties above the glass transition temperature (but below the melting point). Amorphous polymers are good in warpage and transparency.
252:
Solvay under the brand Amodel. Initially commercialized by Amoco, today this brand is owned by Solvay. According to
Nevicolor, all current Amodel grades are based on a single polymer, A1000 but there are grades based on 66/6T copolymer and others on 66/6T/6I
97:. PA6T homopolymer melts at 371 °C, which renders it intractable. To make usable polymers, it is necessary to lower the melting point, which can be achieved practically using either a longer diamine (with 9-12 carbon atoms) or by copolymerizing 6I.
77:
205:
connectors, LED mounts and cable/wire protection. Other applications for PPA based resins include gas pipes and supply lines for the oil industry (due to their ability to withstand high pressures), Medical applications such as tubing for
175:
The addition of aliphatic polyamides to PPAs (PPA/PA blend) lowers the melting point and glass transition temperature, which potentially makes these polyphthalamide blends easier to process when compared to higher melting/softening PPAs.
72:
PPA based resins are molded into parts to replace metals in applications requiring high temperature resistance such as automotive powertrain components, the housing for high temperature electrical connectors and many other uses.
166:
Formulations with specific properties have been developed. For example, resins with ability to bond directly to elastomers to give plastic-rubber composites, and with approval for direct contact with drinking water and food.
219:
that produces energy can be recovered at incineration plants. The best recovery options depend on many conditions such as local legislation, plastic part design, access to sorting facilities, and recycling costs.
123:
If more than 55% of the acid part of a PPA is made out of IPA, then the copolymer is amorphous. Molar masses for PPAs made with direct polycondensation techniques range between 12,000 and 16,000 g/mol.
69:(IPA) acids. The substitution of aliphatic diacids by aromatic diacids in the polymer backbone increases the melting point, glass transition temperature, chemical resistance and stiffness.
180:
PPA/PA/polyolefin blends exhibit a good balance of ductility, strength, stiffness, impact, and thermal performance, indicating that these types of materials should have commercial utility.
155:
The glass transition temperature of PPA increases as the amount of TPA increases. If more than 55% of the acid part of a PPA is made out of IPA, then the copolymer is amorphous. The
210:, in personal care, for toothbrush bristles as well as hairbrushes. PPAs are also used in sports equipment, valve bodies for showers, bushings and bearing pads in aircraft engines
315:
Cousin, Thibault; Galy, Jocelyne; Dupuy, Jérôme (2012). "Molecular modelling of polyphthalamides thermal properties: Comparison between modelling and experimental results".
788:
530:
163:
Like aliphatic nylons, PPAs can be (in fact are almost invariably) modified with reinforcing agents such as glass fibers, tougheners and/or stabilizers.
61:) family defined as when 55% or more moles of the carboxylic acid portion of the repeating unit in the polymer chain is composed of a combination of
631:
240:
EMS under the brand
Grivory. GV grades are based on PA66/6I/6T. HT1 grades on 6T/6I, HT2 grades on 6T/66 and HT3/HT3-CO on copolymers of 10T
505:
231:
BASF under the brand
Ultramid Advanced N (PA9T), Ultramid Advanced T1000 (PA6T/6I), Ultramid Advanced T2000 (PA6T/66), Ultramid T KR (PA6T/6).
376:
351:
675:
772:
393:
605:
659:
728:
795:
116:
108:
156:
575:"Characterization and properties of polyphthalamide/polyamide blends and polyphthalamide/polyamide/polyolefin blends"
561:
450:
475:
424:
874:
820:
394:"High Performance Polyamides Fulfill Demanding Requirements for Automotive Thermal Management Components"
194:
842:
869:
94:
768:
764:
372:
347:
62:
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324:
282:
278:
101:
66:
703:
574:
660:"PPAssion for perfection The Ultramid® Advanced portfolio: We provide the PPA you need..."
50:
100:
Three copolymers have found commercial success: PA 6T/66, PA 6T/"DT" and PA6T/6I (with
863:
757:
47:
246:
Kuraray under the brand
Genestar with 9T copolymer (used two isomers of C9 diamine).
228:
Arkema under the brand Rilsan HT polymers based on decanediamine, presumably 10T/X.
76:
328:
286:
562:
http://www.vestamid.com/product/vestamid/en/products-services/pages/default.aspx
274:
270:
207:
198:
54:
27:
269:
Care should be taken not to confuse this with 'PP&A', which stands for
243:
Evonik under the brand
Vestamid HT 'plus' with 6T/X and 10T/X polymers.
90:
17:
590:
606:"DuPont's Zytel HTN selected for use in USB Type-C 3.1 connectors"
202:
58:
193:
headlights. In electronics, the high melting point of PPA allows
190:
531:"Practical Guide to High Performance Engineering Plastics"
120:
Polyphthalamide TPA/methylpentanediamine (DT) repeat unit
112:
Polyphthalamide TPA/hexamethylenediamine (6T) repeat unit
234:
DuPont under the brand Zytel HTN with 6T/66 and 6T/MPDMT.
759:
Practical Guide to High
Performance Engineering Plastics
197:
parts molded from PPA to be assembled using a lead-free
139:
higher strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures
132:
Compared to aliphatic polyamides, PPAs offer improved
237:
DSM under the brand ForTii with copolymers of PA 4T.
344:Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites
556:
554:
392:Glass; Walter; Kozielski, Gary; Martens, Marv.
8:
281:- all of which are used to make fibres. See
670:
668:
310:
308:
306:
304:
500:
498:
496:
419:
417:
80:Formulated PPA granules ready for molding
676:"HPPA Genestar PA9T - Auto applications"
249:Mitsui under the brand Arlen with 6T/66
75:
26:
794:. Nevicolor. p. 13. Archived from
262:
157:properties of semicrystalline polymers
604:Zistler, Andrew (December 11, 2015).
7:
151:sensitivity to moisture absorption
25:
201:process. PPAs are also used for
31:Repeating unit of polyphthalamide
115:
107:
763:. SmithersRapra. 2011. p.
346:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 51–52.
371:. Munich: Hanser. p. 71.
1:
367:Kohan, Melvin I, ed. (1995).
329:10.1016/j.polymer.2012.05.051
287:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067
189:coolers, coolant pumps, and
142:creep and fatigue resistance
632:"Introduction to Rilsan HT"
342:Harper, Charles A. (2002).
891:
44:High Performance Polyamide
298:ASTM standard D 5336 -15a
843:"Amodel A1133 datasheet"
369:Nylon Plastics Handbook
821:"Technical data sheet"
171:Polyphthalamide blends
81:
32:
789:"Amodel design guide"
579:J Vinyl Addit Technol
195:surface mount devices
148:dimensional stability
79:
30:
573:Desio, G.P. (1996).
223:Commercial suppliers
560:Evonik Industries,
136:chemical resistance
729:"Vestamid HT Plus"
429:www.emsgrivory.com
82:
33:
610:connectortips.com
591:10.1002/vnl.10131
378:978-1-56990-189-2
353:978-0-07-138476-6
279:acrylate polymers
46:) is a subset of
16:(Redirected from
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214:Lifecycle impact
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51:synthetic resins
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36:Polyphthalamide
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801:on 25 May 2015
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48:thermoplastic
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847:. Retrieved
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825:. Retrieved
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803:. Retrieved
796:the original
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541:. Retrieved
537:
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513:. Retrieved
509:
483:. Retrieved
479:
476:"Grivory HT"
470:
458:. Retrieved
454:
451:"Amodel PPA"
445:
433:. Retrieved
431:. EMS Chimie
428:
425:"Grivory HT"
404:. Retrieved
400:
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184:Applications
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99:
93:in PPAs are
88:
71:
63:terephthalic
43:
39:
35:
34:
506:"Zytel HTN"
480:EMS Grivory
67:isophthalic
870:Polyamides
864:Categories
612:. EE World
258:References
253:copolymer.
128:Properties
65:(TPA) and
275:polyamide
271:polyester
208:catheters
199:soldering
95:aliphatic
85:Structure
55:polyamide
741:26 March
713:26 March
688:26 March
644:26 March
616:26 March
543:26 March
515:26 March
485:26 March
460:26 March
406:26 March
91:diamines
683:Kuraray
317:Polymer
145:warpage
53:in the
18:Grivory
849:25 May
845:. IDES
827:25 May
823:. IDES
805:24 Jan
771:
736:Evonik
639:Arkema
510:DuPont
455:Solvay
435:25 May
401:DuPont
375:
350:
38:(aka.
799:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
732:(PDF)
679:(PDF)
635:(PDF)
534:(PDF)
397:(PDF)
203:USB-C
59:nylon
851:2015
829:2015
807:2022
769:ISBN
743:2016
715:2016
690:2016
646:2016
618:2016
545:2016
517:2016
487:2016
462:2016
437:2015
408:2016
373:ISBN
348:ISBN
277:and
89:The
708:DSM
587:doi
325:doi
283:doi
191:LED
104:).
40:PPA
866::
767:.
765:50
734:.
706:.
681:.
667:^
637:.
608:.
581:.
577:.
553:^
536:.
508:.
495:^
478:.
453:.
427:.
416:^
399:.
321:53
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303:^
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381:.
356:.
331:.
327::
289:.
285::
57:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
