763:, muscle fibers and rotary motors in aqueous environments, all on the nanoscale. These machines exploit the increased frictional forces found at the micro or nanoscale. Unlike a paddle or a propeller which depends on normal frictional forces (the frictional forces perpendicular to the surface) to achieve propulsion, cilia develop motion from the exaggerated drag or laminar forces (frictional forces parallel to the surface) present at micro and nano dimensions. To build meaningful "machines" at the nanoscale, the relevant forces need to be considered. We are faced with the development and design of intrinsically pertinent machines rather than the simple reproductions of macroscopic ones.
1061:. This effect can be significantly amplified (GMR - Giant Magneto-Resistance) for nanosized objects, for example when two ferromagnetic layers are separated by a nonmagnetic layer, which is several nanometers thick (e.g. Co-Cu-Co). The GMR effect has led to a strong increase in the data storage density of hard disks and made the gigabyte range possible. The so-called tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is very similar to GMR and based on the spin dependent tunneling of electrons through adjacent ferromagnetic layers. Both GMR and TMR effects can be used to create a non-volatile main memory for computers, such as the so-called magnetic random access memory or
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1093:. Quantum dots are nanoscaled objects, which can be used, among many other things, for the construction of lasers. The advantage of a quantum dot laser over the traditional semiconductor laser is that their emitted wavelength depends on the diameter of the dot. Quantum dot lasers are cheaper and offer a higher beam quality than conventional laser diodes.
1222:(about 2000 food calories per day) using a bio-nano generator. However, this estimate is only true if all food was converted to electricity, and the human body needs some energy consistently, so possible power generated is likely much lower. The electricity generated by such a device could power devices embedded in the body (such as
1138:
Entirely new approaches for computing exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for novel quantum computers, which enable the use of fast quantum algorithms. The
Quantum computer has quantum bit memory space termed "Qubit" for several computations at the same time. In nanoelectronic devices, the qubit
738:
is proportional to their surface area. For a normal-sized drill, the power of the device is enough to handily overcome any friction. However, scaling its length down by a factor of 1000, for example, decreases its power by 1000 (a factor of a billion) while reducing the friction by only 1000 (a
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are fully functional, the same technology cannot be used to make working mechanical devices beyond the scales where frictional forces start to exceed the available power. So even though you may see microphotographs of delicately etched silicon gears, such devices are currently little more than
1700:
Achilli, Simona; Le, Nguyen H.; Fratesi, Guido; Manini, Nicola; Onida, Giovanni; Turchetti, Marco; Ferrari, Giorgio; Shinada, Takahiro; Tanii, Takashi; Prati, Enrico (February 2021). "Position-Controlled
Functionalization of Vacancies in Silicon by Single-Ion Implanted Germanium Atoms".
1085:. Photonic crystals are materials with a periodic variation in the refractive index with a lattice constant that is half the wavelength of the light used. They offer a selectable band gap for the propagation of a certain wavelength, thus they resemble a semiconductor, but for light or
2018:
Cheng, Mark Ming-Cheng; Cuda, Giovanni; Bunimovich, Yuri L; Gaspari, Marco; Heath, James R; Hill, Haley D; Mirkin,Chad A; Nijdam, A Jasper; Terracciano, Rosa; Thundat, Thomas; Ferrari, Mauro (2006). "Nanotechnologies for biomolecular detection and medical diagnostics".
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factor of only a million). Proportionally it has 1000 times less power per unit friction than the original drill. If the original friction-to-power ratio was, say, 1%, that implies the smaller drill will have 10 times as much friction as power; the drill is useless.
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curiosities with limited real world applications, for example, in moving mirrors and shutters. Surface tension increases in much the same way, thus magnifying the tendency for very small objects to stick together. This could possibly make any kind of
885:
Molecular electronics is a technology under development brings hope for future atomic-scale electronic systems. A promising application of molecular electronics was proposed by the IBM researcher Ari Aviram and the theoretical chemist
636:
doesn't directly represent the minimum feature size. The field of nanoelectronics aims to enable the continued realization of this law by using new methods and materials to build electronic devices with feature sizes on the
1789:
Tian, Bozhi; Zheng, Xiaolin; Kempa, Thomas J.; Fang, Ying; Yu, Nanfang; Yu, Guihua; Huang, Jinlin; Lieber, Charles M. (2007). "Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources".
978:
Simulation result for formation of inversion channel (electron density) and attainment of threshold voltage (IV) in a nanowire MOSFET. Note that the threshold voltage for this device lies around 0.45V.
2056:
Patolsky, F.; Timko, B.P.; Yu, G.; Fang, Y.; Greytak, A.B.; Zheng, G.; Lieber, C.M. (2006). "Detection, stimulation, and inhibition of neuronal signals with high-density nanowire transistor arrays".
1034:
based electronics have offered an alternative using reconfigurable interconnections between vertical and horizontal wiring arrays to create ultra high density memories. Two leaders in this area are
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than are possible with conventional planar silicon solar cells. It is believed that the invention of more efficient solar energy would have a great effect on satisfying global energy needs.
950:
Current high-technology production processes are based on traditional top down strategies, where nanotechnology has already been introduced silently. The critical length scale of
1116:. Such nanostructures are electrically conductive and due to their small diameter of several nanometers, they can be used as field emitters with extremely high efficiency for
1258:. Such miniaturization on nanoelectronics towards in vivo proteomic sensing should enable new approaches for health monitoring, surveillance, and defense technology.
1543:"A review of functional linear carbon chains (oligoynes, polyynes, cumulenes) and their applications as molecular wires in molecular electronics and optoelectronics"
1647:
Xiang, Jie; Lu, Wei; Hu, Yongjie; Wu, Yue; Yan Hao; Lieber, Charles M. (2006). "Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures as highperformance field-effect transistors".
1423:
Goicoechea, J.; Zamarreñoa, C.R.; Matiasa, I.R.; Arregui, F.J. (2007). "Minimizing the photobleaching of self-assembled multilayers for sensor applications".
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components. The term covers a diverse set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and
2446:
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Das, S.; Gates, A.J.; Abdu, H.A.; Rose, G.S.; Picconatto, C.A.; Ellenbogen, J.C. (2007). "Designs for Ultra-Tiny, Special-Purpose
Nanoelectronic Circuits".
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impractical: even if robotic arms and hands could be scaled down, anything they pick up will tend to be impossible to put down. The above being said,
195:
2266:"Priorities for Standards and Measurements to Accelerate Innovations in Nano-Electrotechnologies: Analysis of the NIST-Energetics-IEC TC 113 Survey"
1514:
512:
2537:
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Despotuli, Alexander; Andreeva, Alexandra (August–October 2009). "A Short Review on Deep-Sub-Voltage
Nanoelectronics and Related Technologies".
632:. Since his observation, transistor minimum feature sizes have decreased from 10 micrometers to the 10 nm range as of 2019. Note that the
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Cavalcanti, A.; Shirinzadeh, B.; Freitas Jr, Robert A. & Hogg, Tad (2008). "Nanorobot architecture for medical target identification".
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is encoded by the quantum state of one or more electrons spin. The spin are confined by either a semiconductor quantum dot or a dopant.
582:(metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor) technology generations are already within this regime, including
874:, designing the device components to construct a larger structure or even a complete system on their own. This can be very useful for
628:
observed that silicon transistors were undergoing a continual process of scaling downward, an observation which was later codified as
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only decreases as its second power. This somewhat subtle and unavoidable principle has significant ramifications. For example, the
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Bennett, Herbert S.; Andres, Howard; Pellegrino, Joan; Kwok, Winnie; Fabricius, Norbert; Chapin, J. Thomas (March–April 2009).
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studies the behavior of light on the nanoscale, and has the goal of developing devices that take advantage of this behavior.
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Besides being small and allowing more transistors to be packed into a single chip, the uniform and symmetrical structure of
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Melosh, N.; Boukai, Abram; Diana, Frederic; Gerardot, Brian; Badolato, Antonio; Petroff, Pierre; Heath, James R. (2003).
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All scaling issues therefore need to be assessed thoroughly when evaluating nanotechnology for practical applications.
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In the modern communication technology traditional analog electrical devices are increasingly replaced by optical or
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are being increasingly studied towards diverse applications in nanoelectronics, energy conversion and storage. Such
1057:. The dependence of the resistance of a material (due to the spin of the electrons) on an external field is called
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Electronic memory designs in the past have largely relied on the formation of transistors. However, research into
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LaVan, D.A.; McGuire, Terry & Langer, Robert (2003). "Small-scale systems for in vivo drug delivery".
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There is great interest in constructing nanoelectronic devices that could detect the concentrations of
1250:. A parallel line of research seeks to create nanoelectronic devices which could interact with single
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also fall under this category. Nanofabrication can be used to construct ultradense parallel arrays of
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Single-molecule electronic devices are extensively researched. These schemes would make heavy use of
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For example, electron transistors, which involve transistor operation based on a single electron.
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devices due to their enormous bandwidth and capacity, respectively. Two promising examples are
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properties need to be studied extensively. Some of these candidates include: hybrid molecular/
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techniques. A number of approaches are currently being researched, including new forms of
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structures have been studied as candidates for interconnecting nanoelectronic devices:
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and other nanostructured materials with the hope to create cheaper and more efficient
608:(fin field-effect transistor) generations. Nanoelectronics is sometimes considered as
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Lessons from
Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport(In 2 Parts)(2nd Edition)
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Postma, Henk W. Ch.; Teepen, Tijs; Yao, Zhen; Grifoni, Milena; Dekker, Cees (2001).
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Site on electronics of Single Walled Carbon nanotube at nanoscale - nanoelectronics
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The production of displays with low energy consumption might be accomplished using
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in real time for use as medical diagnostics, thus falling into the category of
1230:. Much of the research done on bio-nano generators is still experimental, with
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1938:
Saito, S. (1997). "Carbon
Nanotubes for Next-Generation Electronics Devices".
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There is also research into energy production for devices that would operate
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of an object decreases as the third power of its linear dimensions, but the
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studies the transport of ions rather than electrons in nanoscale systems.
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Nanoelectronic devices have critical dimensions with a size range between
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Journal of
Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
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Website of the nanoelectronics unit of the
European Commission, DG INFSO
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because present candidates are significantly different from traditional
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Jensen, K.; Weldon, J.; Garcia, H.; Zettl A. (2007). "Nanotube Radio".
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Cavalcanti, A.; Shirinzadeh, B.; Zhang, M. & Kretly, L.C. (2008).
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Aviram, A. (1988). "Molecules for memory, logic, and amplification".
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1234:'s Nanotechnology Research Laboratory among those at the forefront.
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in large quantities to yield nanowires with controllable thickness.
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which has developed a carbon nanotube based crossbar memory called
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1592:"Carbon nanotube single-electron transistors at room temperature"
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726:(or any other machine) is proportional to the volume, while the
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1274:
Beaumont, Steven P. (September 1996). "III–V Nanoelectronics".
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for use in basic biological research. These devices are called
2424:
959:
648:
2214:"Nanotechnology: intelligent design to treat complex disease"
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in a living body, much the same as how the body generates
1475:
Aviram, A.; Ratner, M. A. (1974). "Molecular
Rectifier".
2363:
https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15759799W/Bits_on_Chips/
1179:, called bio-nano generators. A bio-nano generator is a
1120:(FED). The principle of operation resembles that of the
958:
and below) regarding the gate length of transistors in
801:
individually. Of particular prominence in this field,
2152:"Nanorobot Hardware Architecture for Medical Defense"
833:(faster electron movement in the material), a higher
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is used that is capable of stripping glucose of its
2753:
2611:
2528:
2462:
2405:
1844:"Power from blood could lead to 'human batteries'"
1331:"Ultrahigh density nanowire lattices and circuits"
1050:material as a future replacement of Flash memory.
986:more powerful than are possible with conventional
742:For this reason, while super-miniature electronic
837:constant (faster frequency), and a symmetrical
921:carbon atom chains, and many polymers such as
27:Use of nanotechnology in electronic components
2440:
2415:Nanoelectronics at UnderstandingNano Web site
1053:An example of such novel devices is based on
892:Molecules for Memory, Logic and Amplification
506:
189:
8:
1450:Petty, M.C.; Bryce, M.R.; Bloor, D. (1995).
982:Nanoelectronics holds the promise of making
1390:IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I
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2433:
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878:, and may even completely replace present
678:. Please do not remove this message until
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1014:have been made using both semiconducting
698:Learn how and when to remove this message
2212:Couvreur, P. & Vauthier, C. (2006).
1913:"Special Feature: Emerging Technologies"
1515:Journal of the American Chemical Society
1452:An Introduction to Molecular Electronics
1018:and with heterostructured semiconductor
674:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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1150:have been developed structured around
1124:, but on a much smaller length scale.
2395:Virtual Institute of Spin Electronics
2390:IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop
954:is already at the nanoscale (50
7:
2319:International Journal of Nanoscience
797:, as an alternative to synthesizing
122:List of semiconductor scale examples
2022:Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
1917:Medical Product Manufacturing News
25:
2111:"Health care in the 21st century"
1425:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
2558:Failure of electronic components
653:
480:
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381:Semiconductor device fabrication
165:
117:Semiconductor device fabrication
909:of carbon and other materials,
33:Part of a series of articles on
2350:. Bits on Chips. p. 253.
1997:10.1088/0957-4484/19/01/015103
1046:which has proposed the use of
890:in their 1974 and 1988 papers
1:
1703:Advanced Functional Materials
791:Nanoelectromechanical systems
544:electronics, one-dimensional
409:Scanning tunneling microscope
2553:List of emerging electronics
1499:10.1016/0009-2614(74)85031-1
1288:10.1016/0167-9317(95)00367-3
1206:. To achieve the effect, an
1069:Novel optoelectronic devices
386:Semiconductor scale examples
2370:Fundamentals of Electronics
1954:10.1126/science.278.5335.77
1276:Microelectronic Engineering
1162:Research is ongoing to use
866:Molecular scale electronics
680:conditions to do so are met
419:Super resolution microscopy
361:Molecular scale electronics
73:Solid-state nanoelectronics
54:Molecular scale electronics
45:Single-molecule electronics
2941:
2346:Veendrick, H.J.M. (2011).
2035:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.01.006
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863:
778:
2420:Nanoelectronics - PhysOrg
2339:10.1142/S0219581X09006328
2231:10.1007/s11095-006-0284-8
1541:Bryce, Martin R. (2021).
1454:. London: Edward Arnold.
1437:10.1016/j.snb.2006.10.037
1194:, but drawing power from
988:semiconductor fabrication
817:Nanomaterials electronics
1478:Chemical Physics Letters
1402:10.1109/TCSI.2007.907864
1012:Field effect transistors
1006:in place of traditional
994:, as well as the use of
876:reconfigurable computing
755:has resulted in working
433:Molecular nanotechnology
333:Self-assembled monolayer
2796:Electromagnetic warfare
2379:by Supriyo Datta (2018)
2373:by Supriyo Datta (2008)
2080:10.1126/science.1128640
1923:: 22–23. Archived from
1618:10.1126/science.1061797
1358:10.1126/science.1081940
1118:field emission displays
872:molecular self-assembly
404:Atomic force microscopy
338:Supramolecular assembly
324:Molecular self-assembly
2766:Automotive electronics
2715:Robotic vacuum cleaner
2675:Information technology
2480:Electronic engineering
1725:10.1002/adfm.202011175
1100:
979:
946:Nanoelectronic devices
896:unimolecular rectifier
172:Electronics portal
2700:Portable media player
2573:Molecular electronics
2568:Low-power electronics
1848:Sydney Morning Herald
1099:
977:
860:Molecular electronics
809:can be fabricated by
610:disruptive technology
562:molecular electronics
528:refers to the use of
487:Technology portal
457:Molecular engineering
2894:Terahertz technology
2875:Open-source hardware
2831:Consumer electronics
2801:Electronics industry
2563:Flexible electronics
2470:Analogue electronics
2285:10.6028/jres.114.008
2128:10.1056/NEJMsa045011
2109:Frist, W.H. (2005).
620:Fundamental concepts
589:(complementary MOS)
366:Molecular logic gate
277:Green nanotechnology
59:Molecular logic gate
2870:Nuclear electronics
2695:Networking hardware
2598:Quantum electronics
2583:Organic electronics
2505:Printed electronics
2475:Digital electronics
2331:2009IJN....08..389D
2171:2008Senso...8.2932C
2072:2006Sci...313.1100P
2066:(5790): 1100–1104.
1989:2008Nanot..19a5103C
1983:(1): 015103(15pp).
1814:10.1038/nature06181
1806:2007Natur.449..885T
1760:2007NanoL...7.3508J
1671:10.1038/nature04796
1663:2006Natur.441..489X
1610:2001Sci...293...76P
1553:(33): 10524–10546.
1528:10.1021/ja00225a017
1491:1974CPL....29..277A
1349:2003Sci...300..112M
1238:Medical diagnostics
984:computer processors
952:integrated circuits
753:molecular evolution
744:integrated circuits
667:of this section is
442:Molecular assembler
414:Electron microscope
2848:Marine electronics
2821:Integrated circuit
2740:Video game console
2538:2020s in computing
2520:Thermal management
1911:Grace, D. (2008).
1560:10.1039/d1tc01406d
1101:
980:
911:metal atom chaines
538:quantum mechanical
475:Science portal
343:DNA nanotechnology
131:Related approaches
2912:
2911:
2889:Radio electronics
2515:Schematic capture
2500:Power electronics
2368:Online course on
2357:978-1-61627-947-9
1876:(10): 1184–1191.
1800:(7164): 885–889.
1768:10.1021/nl0721113
1754:(11): 3508–3511.
1657:(7092): 489–493.
1547:J. Mater. Chem. C
1522:(17): 5687–5692.
1461:978-0-19-521156-6
1158:Energy production
1128:Quantum computers
1114:Silicon nanowires
1079:photonic crystals
1059:magnetoresistance
831:electron mobility
811:thermal oxidation
803:Silicon nanowires
708:
707:
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645:Mechanical issues
554:silicon nanowires
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16:(Redirected from
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2884:Radio navigation
2781:Data acquisition
2490:Microelectronics
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2325:(4–5): 389–402.
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2224:(7): 1417–1450.
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1972:
1966:
1965:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:. August 4, 2003
1840:
1834:
1833:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1743:
1737:
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1718:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1562:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1360:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1271:
1226:), or sugar-fed
1152:carbon nanotubes
1134:Quantum computer
1122:cathode ray tube
1110:carbon nanotubes
1016:carbon nanotubes
929:Other approaches
845:characteristic.
829:allows a higher
703:
696:
692:
689:
683:
657:
656:
649:
558:carbon nanotubes
515:
508:
501:
485:
484:
473:
472:
452:Mechanosynthesis
310:Carbon nanotubes
208:
198:
191:
184:
170:
169:
112:Multigate device
30:
21:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2925:Nanoelectronics
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2841:Small appliance
2836:Major appliance
2816:Home automation
2806:Embedded system
2761:Audio equipment
2749:
2745:Washing machine
2670:Home theater PC
2626:Central heating
2621:Air conditioner
2613:
2607:
2578:Nanoelectronics
2530:
2524:
2495:Optoelectronics
2485:Instrumentation
2458:
2453:
2386:
2358:
2345:
2316:
2309:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2258:Further reading
2255:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2115:N. Engl. J. Med
2108:
2107:
2103:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2017:
2016:
2012:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1948:(5335): 77–78.
1937:
1936:
1932:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1870:Nat. Biotechnol
1867:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1709:(21): 2011175.
1699:
1698:
1694:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1604:(5527): 76–79.
1589:
1588:
1584:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1343:(5616): 112–5.
1328:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1312:
1310:"MEMS Overview"
1308:
1307:
1303:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1240:
1186:device, like a
1184:electrochemical
1160:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1106:
1071:
1044:Hewlett-Packard
1032:crossbar switch
1028:
1004:small molecules
992:nanolithography
972:
948:
931:
868:
862:
852:can be used as
819:
787:
785:nanolithography
779:Main articles:
777:
775:Nanofabrication
772:
749:"micro factory"
730:of the drill's
704:
693:
687:
684:
673:
658:
654:
647:
634:technology node
622:
593:and succeeding
526:Nanoelectronics
519:
479:
467:
371:Nanolithography
352:Nanoelectronics
240:Popular culture
202:
164:
154:
126:
92:Nanolithography
68:
64:Molecular wires
39:Nanoelectronics
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2938:
2936:
2928:
2927:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2905:Communications
2896:
2891:
2886:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2826:Home appliance
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:Home appliance
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Control system
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2751:
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2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Microwave oven
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
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2647:
2642:
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2600:
2595:
2590:
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2555:
2550:
2548:Bioelectronics
2545:
2540:
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2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
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2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2384:External links
2382:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2343:
2314:
2312:on 2010-05-05.
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2204:
2142:
2121:(3): 267–272.
2101:
2048:
2010:
1977:Nanotechnology
1967:
1930:
1927:on 2008-06-12.
1903:
1882:10.1038/nbt876
1860:
1835:
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1485:(2): 277–283.
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1321:
1301:
1282:(1): 283–295.
1265:
1263:
1260:
1239:
1236:
1159:
1156:
1144:
1141:
1132:Main article:
1129:
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1102:
1075:optoelectronic
1070:
1067:
1027:
1026:Memory storage
1024:
971:
968:
947:
944:
930:
927:
923:polythiophenes
864:Main article:
861:
858:
818:
815:
776:
773:
771:
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661:
659:
652:
646:
643:
621:
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560:) or advanced
530:nanotechnology
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272:Nanotoxicology
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261:
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221:Nanotechnology
217:
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215:of articles on
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18:Nanoelectronic
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2658:
2656:
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2648:
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2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Clothes dryer
2629:
2627:
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2521:
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2513:
2511:
2510:Semiconductor
2508:
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2349:
2348:Bits on Chips
2344:
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2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2279:(2): 99–135.
2278:
2274:
2267:
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2257:
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2024:
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2014:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
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1934:
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1229:
1225:
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1213:
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1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:blood glucose
1193:
1192:galvanic cell
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1142:
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1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:(CNT) and/or
1111:
1103:
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1021:
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1005:
1001:
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996:nanomaterials
993:
989:
985:
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967:
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961:
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945:
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940:Nanophotonics
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935:
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904:
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850:nanoparticles
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781:Nanocircuitry
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588:
585:
584:22 nanometers
581:
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551:
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543:
542:semiconductor
539:
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531:
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424:Nanotribology
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395:Nanometrology
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316:
315:Nanoparticles
313:
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301:
300:
297:
296:Nanomaterials
293:
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235:Organizations
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150:Nanomechanics
148:
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145:Nanophotonics
143:
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138:
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123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
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100:
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82:Nanocircuitry
80:
79:
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76:
71:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
51:
49:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2754:Applications
2735:Water heater
2710:Refrigerator
2690:Mobile phone
2593:Piezotronics
2577:
2369:
2347:
2322:
2318:
2307:the original
2276:
2272:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2029:(1): 11–19.
2026:
2020:
2013:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1925:the original
1920:
1916:
1906:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1852:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1797:
1791:
1784:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1716:2102.01390v2
1706:
1702:
1695:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1601:
1595:
1585:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1451:
1445:
1431:(1): 41–47.
1428:
1424:
1418:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1313:. Retrieved
1304:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1248:nanomedicine
1244:biomolecules
1241:
1174:
1172:
1161:
1146:
1137:
1107:
1083:quantum dots
1072:
1052:
1029:
1010:components.
981:
949:
938:
932:
900:
891:
884:
882:technology.
869:
854:quantum dots
847:
820:
788:
765:
741:
716:surface area
709:
694:
685:
663:
626:Gordon Moore
623:
566:
525:
524:
447:Nanorobotics
351:
267:Nanomedicine
258:applications
38:
2861:electronics
2665:Home cinema
2603:Spintronics
2543:Atomtronics
2456:Electronics
1256:nanosensors
1220:electricity
1168:solar cells
1089:instead of
1055:spintronics
888:Mark Ratner
688:August 2023
630:Moore's law
614:transistors
573:100 nm
376:Moore's law
107:Moore's law
2865:Multimedia
2855:technology
2730:Television
2660:Home robot
2650:Dishwasher
2612:Electronic
2218:Pharm. Res
1854:2008-10-08
1396:(11): 11.
1315:2009-06-06
1262:References
1228:nanorobots
1224:pacemakers
1148:Nanoradios
934:Nanoionics
835:dielectric
770:Approaches
665:neutrality
534:electronic
305:Fullerenes
287:Regulation
140:Nanoionics
102:Nanosensor
2853:Microwave
2725:Telephone
2614:equipment
2588:Photonics
1962:137586409
1748:Nano Lett
1733:231749540
1577:235456429
1569:2050-7526
1296:0167-9317
1232:Panasonic
1212:electrons
1188:fuel cell
1181:nanoscale
1164:nanowires
1091:electrons
1048:memristor
1022:(SiNWs).
1020:nanowires
1000:nanowires
970:Computers
966:devices.
907:nanotubes
827:nanotubes
823:nanowires
799:nanowires
795:nanowires
676:talk page
639:nanoscale
624:In 1965,
575:. Recent
550:nanowires
546:nanotubes
87:Nanowires
2919:Category
2903:Wireless
2859:Military
2791:e-health
2771:Avionics
2640:Notebook
2636:Computer
2529:Advanced
2463:Branches
2303:27504216
2240:16779701
2199:27879858
2137:15659726
2088:16931757
2043:16418011
2005:15557853
1890:14520404
1822:17943126
1776:17973438
1679:16724062
1634:10977413
1626:11441175
1410:13575385
1367:12637672
1104:Displays
1040:Nano-RAM
998:such as
915:cumulene
903:nanowire
839:electron
761:flagella
732:bearings
728:friction
669:disputed
213:a series
211:Part of
2655:Freezer
2327:Bibcode
2294:4648624
2248:1520698
2190:3675524
2167:Bibcode
2159:Sensors
2096:3178344
2068:Bibcode
2059:Science
1985:Bibcode
1941:Science
1898:1490060
1830:2688078
1802:Bibcode
1756:Bibcode
1687:4408636
1659:Bibcode
1606:Bibcode
1597:Science
1487:Bibcode
1375:6434777
1345:Bibcode
1336:Science
1176:in vivo
1087:photons
1036:Nantero
919:polyyne
825:and/or
577:silicon
282:Hazards
245:Outline
230:History
159:Portals
2786:e-book
2720:Tablet
2680:Cooker
2645:Camera
2531:topics
2354:
2301:
2291:
2246:
2238:
2197:
2187:
2135:
2094:
2086:
2041:
2003:
1960:
1896:
1888:
1828:
1820:
1793:Nature
1774:
1731:
1685:
1677:
1650:Nature
1632:
1624:
1575:
1567:
1458:
1408:
1373:
1365:
1294:
1208:enzyme
1200:energy
1143:Radios
848:Also,
712:volume
606:FinFET
580:MOSFET
552:(e.g.
254:Impact
2899:Wired
2880:Radar
2705:Radio
2310:(PDF)
2269:(PDF)
2244:S2CID
2155:(PDF)
2092:S2CID
2001:S2CID
1958:S2CID
1894:S2CID
1826:S2CID
1729:S2CID
1711:arXiv
1683:S2CID
1630:S2CID
1573:S2CID
1406:S2CID
1371:S2CID
1252:cells
1216:watts
1202:from
901:Many
894:(see
807:SiNWs
757:cilia
736:gears
724:drill
722:of a
720:power
599:10 nm
595:14 nm
591:nodes
2901:and
2882:and
2352:ISBN
2299:PMID
2236:PMID
2195:PMID
2133:PMID
2084:PMID
2039:PMID
1886:PMID
1818:PMID
1772:PMID
1675:PMID
1622:PMID
1565:ISSN
1456:ISBN
1363:PMID
1292:ISSN
1204:food
1081:and
1063:MRAM
1042:and
1008:CMOS
964:DRAM
960:CPUs
880:FPGA
843:hole
783:and
734:and
710:The
662:The
603:7 nm
601:and
587:CMOS
571:and
569:1 nm
256:and
97:NEMS
2335:doi
2289:PMC
2281:doi
2277:114
2226:doi
2185:PMC
2175:doi
2123:doi
2119:352
2076:doi
2064:313
2031:doi
1993:doi
1950:doi
1946:278
1878:doi
1810:doi
1798:449
1764:doi
1721:doi
1667:doi
1655:441
1614:doi
1602:293
1555:doi
1524:doi
1520:110
1495:doi
1433:doi
1429:126
1398:doi
1353:doi
1341:300
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