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broadcasters by states via their licensing authorities. This can have an impact on competition and may lead to an excessive concentration of power with potential influence on public opinion. Examples include the failure to renew or retain licenses for editorially critical media, reducing the regulator's competences and mandates for action, and a lack of due process in the adoption of regulatory decisions.
570:
to be. Since that, Instagram has started to put warning labels on certain stories or posts if third-party fact checkers believe that false information is being spread. Instagram works with these fact checkers to ensure that no false information is being spread around the site. Instagram started this work in 2019, following
Facebook with the idea as they started fact checking in 2016.
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Research-focused games showed a connection towards a greater usage of dialogue within the science community as players had the opportunity to address issues with a game with themselves and scientists. This helped to push the understanding of how gaming and players can help advance scientific research via communication through games.
749:. The improvements upon connectivity and software allowed for players online to keep in touch and game instantaneously, disregarding location almost entirely. With online gaming platforms it has been noted that they support diverse social gaming communities allowing players to feel a sense of belonging through the screen.
535:
Corporate
Accountability Index, most large internet companies have reportedly become relatively more forthcoming in terms of their policies about transparency in regard to third party requests to remove or access content, especially in the case of requests from governments. At the same time, however,
720:
are all the most commonly used social media platforms. The average time that an individual spends on social media is 2.5 hours a day. With the exponential increase of social media it has also caused a change in which people communicate with others as well as receive information. About 53% use social
569:
in 2015 which seeks to outline the parameters of the field. Instagram has also created a way to potentially expose "fake news" that is posted on the site. After looking into the site, it seemed as more than a place for political memes, but a weaponized platform, instead of the creative space it used
779:
The usage and consumption of gaming has tremendously increased within the last decade with estimates of around 2.3 billion people from around the world playing digital and online video games. The growth rate for the global market for gaming was expected to grow 6.2% towards 2020. Areas like Latin
770:
and consists of the following: E for
Everyone, E for Everyone 10+, T for Teen, and M for Mature 17+. Whenever a new game is released, it is reviewed by associations to determine a suitable rating so younger audiences do not consume harmful or inappropriate content. With these ratings it helps the
544:
In addition to responding to pressure for more clearly defined self-regulatory mechanisms, and galvanized by the debates over so-called 'fake news', internet companies such as
Facebook have launched campaigns to educate users about how to more easily distinguish between 'fake news' and real news
307:
is typically given to broadcasters by communications regulators, allowing them to broadcast on a certain frequency and typically in a specific geographical location. Licensing is done by regulators in order to manage a broadcasting medium and as a method to prevent the concentration of media
549:, for example, Facebook published a series of advertisements in newspapers with 'Tips for Spotting False News' which suggested 10 things that might signal whether a story is genuine or not. There have also been broader initiatives bringing together a variety of donors and actors to promote
319:
in favor of the government or ruling party, which has resulted in some prospective broadcasters being denied licenses or being threatened with license withdrawal. As a consequence, there has been a decrease in diversity of content and views in certain countries due to actions made against
788:
Studies show that digital and online gaming can be used as a communication method to aid in scientific research and create interaction. The narrative, layout, and gaming features all share a relationship that can deliver meaning and value that make games an innovative communication tool.
225:(1954): "The media are not toys; they should not be in the hands of Mother Goose and Peter Pan executives. They can be entrusted only to new artists because they are art forms." By the mid-1960s, the term had spread to general use in North America and the United Kingdom. According to
1381:
Fengler, Susanne, Tobias
Eberwein, Salvador Alsius, Olivier Baisnée, Klaus Bichler, Boguslawa Dobek-Ostrowska, Huub Evers, et al. 2015. How effective is media self-regulation? Results from a comparative survey of European journalists. European Journal of Communication 30 (3):
536:
the study signaled a number of companies that have become more opaque when it comes to disclosing how they enforce their own terms of service, in restricting certain types of content and account. State governments can also use "Fake news" in order to spread propaganda.
744:
The gaming community has grown exponentially, and about 63% have taken to playing with others, whether online or in-person. Players online will communicate through the system of microphone applicability either through the game or a third party application such as
721:
media to read/watch the news. Many people use the information specifically from social media influencers to understand more about a topic, business, or organization. Social media has now been made part of everyday news production for journalists around the world.
1174:
757:
Gaming is an activity shared amongst others regardless of age, allowing for a diverse group of players to connect and enjoy their favorite games with. This helps with creating or maintaining relationships: friendships, family, or a significant other.
699:
Electronic Media, specifically social media has become one of the top forms of media that people use in the twenty-first century. The percent of people that use social media and social networking outlets went from 5% in 2005 to 79% in 2019.
471:
Major internet companies have responded to pressure by governments and the public by elaborating self-regulatory and complaints systems at the individual company level, using principles they have developed under the framework of the
1428:
527:', but also at eliminating some of the structural causes of their emergence and proliferation. Facebook has created new buttons for users to report content they believe is false, following previous strategies aimed at countering
1013:
Giessen, H W (2015). "Media-Based
Learning Methodology: Stories, Games, and Emotions". In Ally, Mohamed; Khan, Badrul H. (eds.). International Handbook of E-Learning Volume 2: Implementation and Case Studies. Routledge,
1166:
507:
1372:
Buckley, Steve, Kreszentia Duer, Toby Mendel, and Sean O. Siochru. 2008. Broadcasting, Voice, and
Accountability : A Public Interest Approach to Policy, Law, and Regulation. Washington, DC: World Bank.
452:. The Arab Satellite Broadcasting Charter was an example of efforts to bring formal standards and some regulatory authority to bear on what is transmitted, but it appears to not have been implemented.
496:
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and
Facebook was launched in 2017 so its full impact remains to be seen. It will, however, complement the offerings of other networks such as the International Fact-Checking Network launched by the
2769:
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that delivered directly to viewers, or through cable or online systems, renders much larger the sphere of unregulated programing. There are, however, varying efforts to regulate the access of
1424:
274:. In order to ensure media independence, regulatory authorities should be placed outside of governments' directives. This can be measured through legislation, agency statutes and rules.
1109:
1071:
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Self-regulation is expressed as a preferential system by journalists but also as a support for media freedom and development organizations by intergovernmental organizations such as
1849:"Social Media as Commodifier or Homogenizer? Journalists' Social Media Use in Individualistic and Collectivist Cultures and Its Implications for Epistemologies of News Production"
107:) are the outlets or tools used to store and deliver content; semantic information or subject matter of which the media contains. The term generally refers to components of the
2268:
2089:
1576:
499:, impacts on the presence of independent journalism by defining the limits of what should or should not be carried and prioritized in the most popular digital spaces.
1195:
519:
Ranking
Digital Rights indicator scores for policy transparency in regard to their terms of service enforcement (which impact upon content or account restrictions)
1898:
2812:
852:
An E-book combines reading and listening media interaction. It is compact and can store a large amount of data which has made them very popular in classrooms.
270:, platforms) and the resistance to political and commercial interference in the autonomy of the media sector are both considered as significant components of
2759:
1450:
244:) is defined as "one of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society, as newspapers, radio, or television."
2021:
990:
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risks and effects of gaming on younger audiences because the exposure of media is believed to influence children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
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have historically been free of licensing and regulation, and there has been repeated pressure for them to self-regulate or at least to have in-house
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2002:
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As with most interactive media content, games have ratings to assist in choosing appropriate games regarding younger audiences. This is done by
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468:. There has been a continued trend of establishing self-regulatory bodies, such as press councils, in conflict and post-conflict situations.
1093:
1055:
546:
53:
64:
2829:
2132:
2068:
1352:
921:
511:
Ranking
Digital Rights indicator scores for policy transparency in regards to third-party requests for content or account restriction
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2538:
1299:
1149:
1103:
1065:
672:
82:
2533:
2350:
2254:
1810:"Social Media Influencers in Strategic Communication: A Conceptual Framework for Strategic Social Media Influencer Communication"
531:. These changes reflect broader transformations occurring among tech giants to increase their transparency. As indicated by the
628:
2105:"Public engagement through the development of science-based computer games: the Wellcome Trust's "Gamify your PhD" initiative"
2243:
Caron, A. H. and Caronia, L. (2007). Moving cultures: mobile communication in everyday life. McGill-Queen's University Press.
1787:
554:
1568:
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476:. The Global Network Initiative has grown to include several large telecom companies alongside internet companies such as
465:
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1499:
1471:
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403:
1887:
1425:"Global Network Initiative Adds Seven Companies in Milestone Expansion of Freedom of Expression and Privacy Initiative"
2715:
2375:
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558:
1925:"The convergence of gaming practices with other media forms: what potential for learning? A review of the literature"
425:, self-regulatory structures seems to be lacking or have not historically been perceived as efficient and effective.
523:
Public pressure on technology giants has motivated the development of new strategies aimed not only at identifying '
2710:
1317:"Media outlets and their moguls: Why concentrated individual or family ownership is bad for editorial independence"
624:
422:
418:
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532:
473:
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In many cases, self-regulations exists in the shadow of state regulation, and is conscious of the possibility of
2041:"Analyzing climate change communication through online games: development and application of validated criteria"
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292:
191:
paintings and early writing, as early forms of media. Another framing of the history of media starts with the
1443:
2849:
2302:
2169:"A comparative study of children's concentration performance on picture books: age, gender, and media forms"
2003:"Mobile Revenues Account for More Than 50% of the Global Games Market as It Reaches $ 137.9 Billion in 2018"
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136:
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1722:
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Nadeem, M.A.; Mustafa, G.; Kakar, A. (2021). "Fifth Generation Warfare and its Challenges to Pakistan".
1033:
57:
that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
195:
paintings and continues with other ways to carry human communication beyond the short range of voice:
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2469:
2365:
2307:
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1963:
1848:
1809:
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300:
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has provided media the ability to conduct long-distance communication via analog and digital media:
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1137:
835:
816:
492:
31:
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271:
257:
132:
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1983:
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Modern communication media includes long-distance exchanges between larger numbers of people (
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429:
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267:
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168:
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1936:
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America had a 20.1% increase, Asia-Pacific - 9.2%, North America - 4.0%, and Europe -11.7%.
636:
579:
253:
218:
184:
160:
2218:
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018
2216:
1392:
1316:
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2494:
929:
882:
802:
589:
562:
296:
1444:"ICT Sector Guide on Implementing the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights"
414:. However, it has often been difficult to establish meaningful self-regulatory entities.
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2022:"The Global Games Market Will Reach $ 108.9 Billion in 2017 With Mobile Taking 42%"
1242:
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018
869:
767:
688:
656:
593:
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180:
128:
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1979:
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734:
561:'s School of Journalism. This 14 million USD investment by groups including the
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120:
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1940:
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315:. Regulatory authorities in certain countries have been accused of exhibiting
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108:
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provides an alternative to state regulatory authorities. In such contexts,
2246:
1964:"Reframing media effects in terms of children's rights in the digital age"
2884:
2511:
2429:
717:
684:
481:
176:
17:
863:
2844:
2650:
2484:
1569:"International Fact-Checking Network fact-checkers' code of principles"
746:
705:
188:
713:
495:'s 2013 publication, ICT Technology Sector Guide on Implementing the
477:
461:
980:
Martin Lister; Jon Dovey; Seth Giddings; Iain Grant; Kieran Kelly.
831:
827:
823:
812:
660:
610:
514:
506:
1888:"2019 Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry"
214:
is relating to communication channels was first used by Canadian
806:
798:
676:
164:
2250:
2039:
Ouariachi, Olvera-Lobo, Gutierrez-Perez, T., M. D., J. (2017).
2240:
Biagi, S. (2004). Media Impact. Wadsworth Pub Co, 7th edition.
497:
United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
183:, can be interpreted as early forms of media. Writers such as
36:
1753:"1 to Many, Many to Many and Many to 1 – for PR and Inbound"
1427:(Press release). Global Network Initiative. March 28, 2017.
1413:. Oxfordshire, England, UK: Routledge. pp. 25, 71, 155.
187:
have framed early forms of human communication, such as the
1540:"Tips to Spot False News | Facebook Help Center | Facebook"
1393:
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development
952:"What is Communication Media? - Definition from Techopedia"
54:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1691:"Instagram Now Fact-Checks, but Who Will Do the Checking?"
1442:
Shift and Institute for Human Rights and Business (2013).
1411:
Non-Governmental Organizations, Management and Development
2154:"A vBook (Video Book) is the New Alternative to an eBook"
1599:"Political Memes and Fake News Discourses on Instagram"
163:
enabling longer-distance communication systems such as
60:
311:
Licensing has been criticized for an alleged lack of
1723:"What is telecommunications? Definition and meaning"
671:). Traditional broadcast media and mass media favor
27:
Communications outlets; information and data storage
2790:
2696:
2611:
2455:
2343:
2237:(fourth edition), Sage, London, pp. 16–34. MAS
1290:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. p.
1259:"The law of radio communication / by Stephen Davis"
147:. Each of these channels requires a specific, thus
1283:
1282:Nuechterlein, Jonathan; Weiser, Philip J. (2005).
151:approach to a successful transmission of content.
1054:Livingstone, Sonia M.; Lievrouw, Leah A. (2009).
1923:de Freitas, Sara; Griffiths, Mark (March 2008).
1814:International Journal of Strategic Communication
1778:Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Roser, Max (2023-03-20).
1095:Globalization and Media: Global Village of Babel
233:was used as early as 1923 in the United States.
30:For the medium that carries communications, see
557:, such as the News Integrity Initiative at the
1847:Moon, Young Eun; Lewis, Seth C. (2024-02-06).
2262:
1808:Enke, Nadja; Borchers, Nils S. (2019-08-08).
8:
2207: This article incorporates text from a
2088:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1133:Colombo's All-Time Great Canadian Quotations
1098:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 33–34.
2760:Political polarization in the United States
2167:Ma, Min-Yuan; Wei, Chun-Chun (2016-11-16).
1194:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
303:from owning any portion of the spectrum. A
2269:
2255:
2247:
1490:
1488:
436:to satellite transponders in parts of the
2813:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
1614:
1522:Pakistan Journal of International Affairs
83:Learn how and when to remove this message
2211:work. Licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 IGO (
1498:. Corporate Accountability Index. 2017.
1470:. Corporate Accountability Index. 2015.
1060:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 52–53.
547:United Kingdom national election in 2017
322:
922:"What is media? definition and meaning"
913:
2081:
1236:
1234:
1187:
2855:Psychological effects of Internet use
1882:
1880:
1878:
1759:from the original on 23 February 2023
1733:from the original on 23 February 2023
1684:
1682:
7:
456:International organizations and NGOs
210:In its modern application, the term
2830:Digital media use and mental health
266:(license broadcaster institutions,
1904:from the original on 3 August 2019
1895:Entertainment Software Association
1057:New Media: A Critical Introduction
1030:The Chicago School of Media Theory
983:New Media: A Critical Introduction
25:
2835:Effects of violence in mass media
2539:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
2173:Interactive Learning Environments
1962:Livingstone, Sonia (2016-01-02).
1456:from the original on Dec 4, 2023.
1431:from the original on Jun 8, 2023.
1321:European Journal of Communication
529:hate speech and harassment online
111:communications industry, such as
2808:2021 Facebook company files leak
2534:Mobile phones and driving safety
2202:
862:
609:telecommunications include some
41:
2780:2020 U.S. presidential election
2775:2016 U.S. presidential election
2135:from the original on 2023-04-21
2071:from the original on 2023-04-21
1790:from the original on 2023-04-09
1668:from the original on 2022-11-22
1639:from the original on 2022-11-22
1579:from the original on 2020-12-08
1550:from the original on 2020-11-12
1502:from the original on 2020-12-12
1474:from the original on 2020-11-10
1449:(Report). European Commission.
1355:from the original on 2023-01-11
1220:from the original on 2016-03-05
1177:from the original on 2022-02-11
1112:from the original on 2023-06-28
1074:from the original on 2023-06-28
996:from the original on 2016-03-06
962:from the original on 2017-04-03
629:computer-mediated communication
540:Fact-checking and news literacy
2020:McDonald, E (April 20, 2017).
1929:Learning, Media and Technology
1398:(Report). Paris: UNESCO. 2014.
466:non-governmental organizations
1:
2351:Betteridge's law of headlines
2185:10.1080/10494820.2015.1060505
2001:Wijman, T. (April 30, 2018).
1980:10.1080/17482798.2015.1123164
1968:Journal of Children and Media
1861:10.1080/21670811.2024.2303988
1826:10.1080/1553118X.2019.1620234
1597:Al-Rawi, Ahmed (2021-03-03).
1130:Colombo, John Robert (1994).
2865:Social aspects of television
2765:Social media use in politics
2415:Missing white woman syndrome
2213:license statement/permission
2376:Least objectionable program
675:communication (television,
559:City University of New York
486:civil society organizations
2934:
2711:Algorithmic radicalization
1780:"The rise of social media"
842:, and other useful media.
796:
728:
625:Digital telecommunications
583:
577:
423:Central and Eastern Europe
287:In the United States, the
251:
29:
2825:Cultural impact of TikTok
2288:
2235:Mass Communication Theory
1941:10.1080/17439880701868796
1755:. Imre. 11 January 2018.
474:Global Network Initiative
2897:Violence and video games
2875:Social impact of YouTube
2755:Knowledge gap hypothesis
2678:Social-desirability bias
2576:Information–action ratio
2121:10.1177/1075547013492436
2057:10.1177/1075547016687998
1496:"Ranking Digital Rights"
1468:"Ranking Digital Rights"
1333:10.1177/0267323114523150
1315:Hanretty, Chris (2014).
1167:"The Evolution of Media"
669:telecommunications ports
617:systems, and historical
293:radio frequency spectrum
2850:Mass shooting contagion
2303:Evolutionary psychology
1897:. 2019. pp. 4–13.
1603:Media and Communication
1247:(Report). UNESCO. 2018.
1024:Dunston, Bryan (2002).
484:and others, as well as
421:. In many countries in
216:communications theorist
2840:Fascination with death
2703:Political polarization
2631:Availability heuristic
2596:Television consumption
2230:McQuail, Denis (2001)
1616:10.17645/mac.v9i1.3533
926:BusinessDictionary.com
545:sources. Ahead of the
533:Ranking Digital Rights
520:
512:
278:Government regulations
264:regulatory authorities
240:(the singular form of
63:by rewriting it in an
2803:Criticism of Facebook
2683:Social influence bias
2571:Information pollution
2561:Information explosion
2544:Texting while driving
2500:Low information voter
2398:Pink-slime journalism
2109:Science Communication
2045:Science Communication
1409:Lewis, David (2014).
729:Further information:
584:Further information:
518:
510:
394:At the regional level
344:Moa ( Mall of asia )
301:private organizations
291:established that the
2820:Criticism of Netflix
2626:Availability cascade
2566:Information overload
2475:Attention management
2470:Attention inequality
2366:Human-interest story
2308:Behavioral modernity
2293:Cognitive psychology
1727:Market Business News
878:Distributed presence
613:systems, historical
450:Asia and the Pacific
2733:Post-truth politics
2663:Mean world syndrome
2215:). Text taken from
2103:Curtis, V. (2014).
1138:Stoddart Publishing
1092:Lule, Jack (2012).
817:digital first media
762:Ratings and content
493:European Commission
381:Internet regulation
325:
167:, including in the
155:The development of
32:Transmission medium
2551:Influence-for-hire
2529:Media multitasking
2524:Human multitasking
2442:Tabloid television
2393:Media manipulation
2221:, 202, UNESCO.
1853:Digital Journalism
1662:help.instagram.com
1286:Digital Crossroads
1171:Evolution of Media
888:Media manipulation
659:communication via
649:digital television
600:telecommunications
521:
513:
430:satellite channels
419:state intervention
323:
299:. This prohibited
272:media independence
258:Media independence
65:encyclopedic style
52:is written like a
2905:
2904:
2728:Fake news website
2688:Spiral of silence
2641:Confirmation bias
2465:Attention economy
2447:Yellow journalism
2335:Social psychology
1784:Our World in Data
645:digital telephony
637:computer networks
567:Poynter Institute
378:
377:
305:broadcast license
289:Radio Act of 1927
268:content providers
93:
92:
85:
16:(Redirected from
2925:
2750:Knowledge divide
2646:Crowd psychology
2636:Bandwagon effect
2408:Public relations
2325:Media psychology
2271:
2264:
2257:
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2197:
2196:
2179:(8): 1922–1937.
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1710:
1709:
1689:Harrison, Sara.
1686:
1677:
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1673:
1654:
1648:
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1645:
1644:
1618:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1544:www.facebook.com
1536:
1530:
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1511:
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1118:
1117:
1089:
1083:
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1080:
1079:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1032:. Archived from
1021:
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1005:
1004:
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1001:
995:
989:(2nd ed.).
988:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
928:. Archived from
918:
903:Press conference
898:Media and gender
893:Media psychology
872:
867:
866:
598:Developments in
580:Electronic media
574:Electronic media
374:Cubao , gateway
326:
324:VIKING/GALA MOA
254:Media regulation
221:, who stated in
219:Marshall McLuhan
185:Howard Rheingold
88:
81:
77:
74:
68:
45:
44:
37:
21:
2933:
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2924:
2923:
2922:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2786:
2701:
2692:
2668:Negativity bias
2616:
2607:
2495:Cognitive miser
2451:
2344:Media practices
2339:
2284:
2275:
2227:
2225:Further reading
2200:
2166:
2165:
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2147:
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2097:
2080:
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2019:
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1961:
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1091:
1090:
1086:
1077:
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1068:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1039:
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1026:"Postal system"
1023:
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1018:
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1008:
999:
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993:
986:
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974:
965:
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920:
919:
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883:Media franchise
868:
861:
858:
848:
809:
803:Markup language
795:
786:
777:
764:
755:
742:
737:
727:
697:
665:Internet forums
596:
590:Information Age
582:
576:
563:Ford Foundation
542:
505:
488:and academics.
458:
404:self-regulation
396:
391:
389:Self-regulation
383:
334:AUGUST 17 2024
297:public property
285:
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252:Main articles:
250:
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78:
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61:help improve it
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2791:Related topics
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2698:Digital divide
2694:
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2680:
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2665:
2660:
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2622:
2620:
2613:Cognitive bias
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2603:Sticky content
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2591:Binge-watching
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2547:
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2536:
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2516:
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2507:Digital zombie
2504:
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2492:
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2480:Attention span
2477:
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2461:
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2434:
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2425:Sensationalism
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2411:
2410:
2405:
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2390:
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2378:
2373:
2371:Junk food news
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2199:
2198:
2159:
2145:
2115:(3): 379–387.
2095:
2031:
2012:
1993:
1954:
1915:
1874:
1839:
1820:(4): 261–277.
1800:
1770:
1744:
1714:
1678:
1649:
1609:(1): 276–290.
1589:
1560:
1531:
1512:
1484:
1459:
1434:
1416:
1401:
1384:
1374:
1365:
1327:(3): 335–350.
1307:
1300:
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1214:Dictionary.com
1201:
1157:
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956:Techopedia.com
950:Cory Janssen.
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811:A vBook is an
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578:Main article:
575:
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541:
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503:Private sector
501:
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438:Western Europe
400:Western Europe
395:
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372:
366:
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336:
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317:political bias
284:
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169:Persian Empire
149:media-adequate
115:, publishing,
91:
90:
73:September 2023
49:
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40:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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2918:Communication
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2799:
2798:Computer rage
2796:
2795:
2793:
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2781:
2778:
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2773:
2771:
2770:United States
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Filter bubble
2743:
2739:
2738:United States
2736:
2734:
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2717:
2714:
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2686:
2684:
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2679:
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2674:
2673:Peer pressure
2671:
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2657:
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2519:Doomscrolling
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2330:Media studies
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2301:
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2282:human factors
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2258:
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1994:
1989:
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1659:
1658:"Help Center"
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1050:
1047:
1036:on 2020-11-04
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932:on 2017-05-07
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784:Communication
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551:fact-checking
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442:North America
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370:MEETING PLACE
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229:, the phrase
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227:H. L. Mencken
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208:
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202:
201:trail markers
198:
197:smoke signals
194:
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173:Chapar Khaneh
170:
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157:early writing
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141:digital media
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97:communication
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62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2892:Technophobia
2880:Technophilia
2723:Echo chamber
2581:Rage farming
2361:Infotainment
2277:
2234:
2231:
2217:
2209:free content
2201:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2148:
2137:. Retrieved
2112:
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2098:
2084:cite journal
2073:. Retrieved
2051:(1): 10–44.
2048:
2044:
2034:
2025:
2015:
2006:
1996:
1971:
1967:
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1935:(1): 11–20.
1932:
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1747:
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1726:
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1476:. Retrieved
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930:the original
925:
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870:Media portal
851:
845:
844:
810:
787:
778:
768:ESRB ratings
765:
756:
743:
698:
695:Social Media
689:social media
657:many-to-many
654:
597:
594:Social media
543:
522:
490:
470:
459:
428:The rise of
427:
416:
397:
384:
369:
364:5pm onwarad
359:
349:
339:
329:
313:transparency
310:
286:
262:The role of
261:
241:
237:
235:
230:
223:Counterblast
222:
211:
209:
193:Chauvet Cave
189:Lascaux cave
181:Roman Empire
153:
129:broadcasting
104:
100:
94:
79:
70:
51:
2656:Moral panic
2586:Screen time
2420:News values
2356:Gatekeeping
2298:Externality
1974:(1): 4–12.
735:Online game
673:one-to-many
621:broadcasts.
446:Arab region
434:programmers
308:ownership.
248:Regulations
145:advertising
121:photography
113:print media
2870:Social bot
2860:Sealioning
2618:Conformity
2403:Propaganda
2388:Media bias
2381:Soft media
2139:2023-04-21
2075:2023-04-21
1794:2023-04-21
1708:2022-11-22
1672:2022-11-22
1643:2022-11-22
1583:2018-07-03
1554:2018-07-03
1506:2018-07-05
1478:2018-07-05
1359:2023-01-11
1268:2024-03-31
1263:HathiTrust
1224:2015-08-10
1181:2022-02-11
1140:. p.
1116:2020-10-27
1078:2020-10-27
1040:2019-02-18
1000:2014-10-03
966:2014-10-03
936:2014-10-03
909:References
797:See also:
731:Video game
633:telegraphy
627:allow for
619:television
408:newspapers
354:Last gala
231:mass media
137:television
117:news media
109:mass media
103:(singular
2556:Infodemic
2490:Clickbait
2457:Attention
2313:Cognition
2232:McQuail's
2193:1049-4820
2065:151746669
1988:1748-2798
1949:1743-9884
1869:2167-0811
1834:1553-118X
1703:1059-1028
1633:233468644
1625:2183-2439
1341:0267-3231
1165:Group 3.
710:Pinterest
702:Instagram
685:magazines
681:newspaper
679:, radio,
615:telephony
525:fake news
412:ombudsmen
283:Licensing
236:The term
205:sculpture
18:Omnimedia
2912:Category
2885:Neophile
2512:Phubbing
2430:Hot take
2318:Mismatch
2133:Archived
2129:53590587
2069:Archived
1899:Archived
1855:: 1–20.
1788:Archived
1757:Archived
1731:Archived
1666:Archived
1637:Archived
1577:Archived
1548:Archived
1500:Archived
1472:Archived
1451:Archived
1429:Archived
1382:249–266.
1353:Archived
1349:53710900
1218:Archived
1210:"medium"
1190:cite web
1175:Archived
1110:Archived
1072:Archived
991:Archived
960:Archived
856:See also
821:embedded
815:that is
718:Facebook
482:Facebook
177:Angarium
2845:Griefer
2651:Mobbing
2485:Chumbox
2437:Spiking
1908:7 April
1763:7 March
1737:7 March
1573:Poynter
747:Discord
706:Twitter
448:and in
59:Please
2191:
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2063:
2026:Newzoo
2007:Newzoo
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1947:
1867:
1832:
1701:
1631:
1623:
1347:
1339:
1298:
1148:
1102:
1064:
1014:43-54.
847:E-Book
836:tables
832:graphs
828:images
805:, and
740:Online
725:Gaming
716:, and
714:Tiktok
687:, and
677:cinema
667:, and
607:Analog
592:, and
478:Google
462:UNESCO
444:, the
238:medium
203:, and
179:) and
143:, and
125:cinema
105:medium
2716:Youth
2278:Media
2125:S2CID
2061:S2CID
1902:(PDF)
1891:(PDF)
1695:Wired
1629:S2CID
1454:(PDF)
1447:(PDF)
1396:(PDF)
1345:S2CID
1245:(PDF)
994:(PDF)
987:(PDF)
824:video
819:with
813:eBook
793:vBook
775:Reach
661:email
611:radio
340:WHERE
242:media
212:media
161:paper
133:radio
101:media
2280:and
2189:ISSN
2090:link
1984:ISSN
1945:ISSN
1910:2023
1865:ISSN
1830:ISSN
1765:2023
1739:2023
1699:ISSN
1621:ISSN
1528:(1).
1337:ISSN
1296:ISBN
1196:link
1146:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1062:ISBN
840:text
807:Vlog
799:Wiki
733:and
647:and
553:and
491:The
464:and
360:TIME
350:WHAT
330:WHEN
295:was
256:and
175:and
165:mail
159:and
135:and
2181:doi
2117:doi
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1976:doi
1937:doi
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