125:
102:
760:
A recent possible cladogram is shown which would show that the
Lophotrochozoa emerged within Platyzoa as a sister group of the Rouphozoa (the Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes). The Lophotrochozoa and Rouphozoa are then named the Platytrochozoa. This makes the Platyzoa a paraphyletic group.
899:
900:
Triploblastic
Relationships with Emphasis on the Acoelomates and the Position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha: A Combined Approach of 18S rDNA Sequences and Morphology
783:
Struck, Torsten H.; Wey-Fabrizius, Alexandra R.; Golombek, Anja; Hering, Lars; Weigert, Anne; Bleidorn, Christoph; Klebow, Sabrina; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Hausdorf, Bernhard (2014-07-01).
549:
None of the
Platyzoa groups have a respiration or circulation system because of their small size, flat body or parasitic lifestyle. The Platyhelminthes and Gastrotricha are
911:
757:
Syndermata was a proposed clade that included
Acanthocephala and rotifers, but as it appears they are not sister groups after all, the clade has been abandoned.
859:
833:
883:
2269:
939:
976:
473:
971:
2274:
1055:
1045:
1028:
912:
Current advances in the phylogenetic reconstruction of metazoan evolution. A new paradigm for the
Cambrian explosion?
906:
Myzostomida Are Not
Annelids: Molecular and Morphological Support for a Clade of Animals with Anterior Sperm Flagella
124:
1060:
2209:
932:
837:
110:
863:
2282:
1023:
422:
230:
2256:
2315:
566:
499:
453:
252:
1488:
1040:
1018:
1006:
981:
893:
616:
119:
2287:
2320:
2310:
1910:
1830:
1180:
1050:
1013:
1001:
991:
925:
814:
806:
785:"Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia"
965:
796:
376:
2191:
2097:
1948:
1851:
1708:
1241:
673:
332:
259:
905:
2247:
1856:
1652:
1564:
1542:
1505:
996:
721:
628:
585:
526:
521:
324:
277:
264:
2304:
2001:
1905:
1404:
437:
59:
101:
2107:
2102:
1990:
1846:
1732:
1618:
1521:
1500:
1370:
1321:
1277:
1258:
658:
531:
445:
357:
304:
284:
246:
2261:
2241:
2068:
2039:
2025:
2015:
1600:
1416:
1329:
1111:
554:
550:
492:
169:
34:
2165:
2150:
2145:
2126:
2121:
2049:
1996:
1966:
1958:
1900:
1774:
1766:
1749:
1529:
1441:
1394:
1334:
1296:
1270:
1116:
1101:
504:
418:
205:
79:
44:
810:
2131:
2078:
2073:
2044:
2033:
1982:
1977:
1929:
1841:
1834:
1628:
1623:
1585:
1434:
1426:
1355:
1307:
1228:
1215:
1196:
1191:
1150:
801:
784:
645:
514:
482:
457:
449:
351:
345:
195:
182:
156:
136:
84:
2232:
818:
440:, into which he gathered several previously described phyla of microscopic
2226:
2155:
2139:
2062:
2054:
2009:
1972:
1953:
1942:
1924:
1918:
1779:
1720:
1696:
1593:
1474:
1363:
1247:
1138:
1129:
1035:
603:
589:
562:
487:
433:
429:
315:
293:
270:
215:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2115:
2091:
2083:
2020:
1934:
1754:
1741:
1674:
1665:
1610:
1535:
697:
573:
558:
536:
509:
461:
338:
89:
64:
917:
2160:
1894:
1184:
1094:
1081:
952:
949:
441:
426:
146:
2203:
557:, and share characteristics such as the structure of their jaws and
894:
The
Taxonomicon - Taxon: Infrakingdom Platyzoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998
572:
The name "Platyzoa" is used because most members are flat, though
2207:
1213:
921:
565:
Acanthocephala. They form a monophyletic subgroup called the
836:. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Archived from
409:
403:
394:
388:
400:
379:
391:
385:
382:
321:
311:
300:
289:
2216:
1884:
1765:
1740:
1731:
1707:
1685:
1650:
1609:
1584:
1577:
1562:
1514:
1487:
1472:
1425:
1403:
1383:
1354:
1347:
1320:
1305:
1294:
1257:
1226:
1149:
1110:
1079:
561:, although these have been secondarily lost in the
478:One scheme placed the following phyla in Platyzoa:
397:
425:in 1998. Cavalier-Smith included in Platyzoa the
456:. Since 2022 it is believed that Platyozoa are
933:
8:
406:
2204:
1881:
1737:
1713:
1689:
1658:
1581:
1574:
1570:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1409:
1387:
1380:
1351:
1317:
1313:
1302:
1291:
1263:
1234:
1223:
1210:
1122:
1087:
1076:
940:
926:
918:
100:
20:
800:
778:
776:
774:
1278:Hemichordata (acorn worms and relatives)
584:The Platyzoa are close relatives of the
770:
1272:Echinodermata (starfish and relatives)
1242:Xenacoelomorpha (acoels and relatives)
832:Sørensen, Martin (14 December 2005).
7:
1543:Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms)
651:
641:
634:
609:
599:
1140:Cnidaria (jellyfish and relatives)
16:Superphylum of unsegmented animals
14:
444:. Later it has been described as
2184:Phyla with ≥1000 extant species
474:List of bilaterial animal orders
421:unsegmented animals proposed by
375:
123:
789:Molecular Biology and Evolution
588:. Together the two make up the
1371:Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
884:Gnathifera - Richard C. Brusca
1:
1983:Echinozoans inc. sea urchins
914:- retrieved January 31, 2006
908:- retrieved January 31, 2006
902:- retrieved January 31, 2006
896:- retrieved January 31, 2006
2040:Chelicerates inc. arachnids
1780:Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
1595:Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
1506:Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
1395:Loricifera (corset animals)
2337:
1930:Medusozoans inc. jellyfish
1676:Annelida (segmented worms)
1501:Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
1417:Onychophora (velvet worms)
553:. The other phyla have a
471:
2180:
1978:Asterozoans inc. starfish
1880:
1873:
1824:
1775:Brachiopoda (lamp shells)
1756:Ectoprocta (moss animals)
1716:
1692:
1661:
1601:Gastrotricha (hairybacks)
1573:
1496:
1483:
1412:
1390:
1379:
1330:Kinorhyncha (mud dragons)
1316:
1290:
1266:
1237:
1222:
1209:
1174:
1125:
1102:Ctenophora (comb jellies)
1090:
1075:
959:
719:
695:
671:
656:
649:
639:
632:
614:
607:
436:), and a new phylum, the
243:
238:
120:Scientific classification
118:
108:
99:
23:
1536:Rotifera (wheel animals)
1335:Priapulida (penis worms)
297:(not placed in a phylum)
1750:Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
1722:Nemertea (ribbon worms)
1443:Tardigrada (waterbears)
1436:Arthropoda (arthropods)
1925:Anthozoans inc. corals
1624:Dicyemida or Rhombozoa
111:Pseudobiceros bedfordi
2283:Paleobiology Database
2055:Hexapods inc. insects
1365:Nematoda (roundworms)
802:10.1093/molbev/msu143
423:Thomas Cavalier-Smith
114:(Bedford's flatworm)
1248:Chordata (chordates)
1698:Mollusca (molluscs)
1183:of the animal root
860:"Explanations.html"
840:on 24 December 2018
1911:Calcareous sponges
1096:Porifera (sponges)
460:and also includes
308:(stem-chaetognath)
2298:
2297:
2210:Taxon identifiers
2201:
2200:
2176:
2175:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1343:
1342:
1286:
1285:
1205:
1204:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
755:
754:
750:
749:
741:
740:
732:
731:
708:
707:
684:
683:
448:, containing the
367:
366:
234:
2328:
2291:
2290:
2278:
2277:
2265:
2264:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2205:
1882:
1838:
1738:
1714:
1690:
1659:
1655:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1494:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1410:
1388:
1381:
1352:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1264:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1211:
1188:
1123:
1088:
1084:
1077:
988:
968:
942:
935:
928:
919:
886:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
862:. Archived from
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
829:
823:
822:
804:
795:(7): 1833–1849.
780:
652:
642:
635:
610:
600:
595:
594:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
323:
313:
302:
291:
229:
128:
127:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2268:
2260:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2212:
2202:
2197:
2172:
2098:Phylactolaemata
1886:
1876:
1875:
1861:
1852:Xenambulacraria
1828:
1784:
1761:
1727:
1709:Kryptotrochozoa
1703:
1681:
1651:
1638:
1629:Monoblastozoa (
1605:
1563:
1550:
1522:Micrognathozoa
1510:
1473:
1448:
1421:
1399:
1375:
1339:
1306:
1295:
1282:
1253:
1227:
1218:
1201:
1178:
1162:
1145:
1114:
1106:
1080:
1071:
1070:
986:
964:
955:
946:
890:
889:
882:
878:
869:
867:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
831:
830:
826:
782:
781:
772:
767:
751:
742:
733:
709:
685:
674:Platyhelminthes
582:
547:
545:Characteristics
527:Gnathostomulida
488:Platyhelminthes
476:
470:
430:Platyhelminthes
417:are a group of
378:
374:
333:Platyhelminthes
260:Gnathostomulida
228:
122:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
30:Cambrian–Recent
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2238:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2063:Platyhelminths
2059:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1857:Centroneuralia
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1662:
1656:
1653:Lophotrochozoa
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1568:
1565:Platytrochozoa
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1527:
1524:(Limnognathia)
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1311:
1300:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1153:(Triploblasts)
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1134:and relatives)
1126:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:Mesomycetozoea
1058:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
997:Diaphoretickes
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
961:
960:
957:
956:
947:
945:
944:
937:
930:
922:
916:
915:
909:
903:
897:
888:
887:
876:
851:
834:"Limnognathia"
824:
769:
768:
766:
763:
753:
752:
748:
747:
744:
743:
739:
738:
735:
734:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:Lophotrochozoa
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
706:
705:
702:
701:
694:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
678:
677:
670:
667:
666:
663:
662:
655:
650:
648:
640:
638:
633:
631:
629:Platytrochozoa
625:
624:
621:
620:
613:
608:
606:
598:
586:Lophotrochozoa
581:
580:Classification
578:
546:
543:
542:
541:
540:
539:
534:
532:Micrognathozoa
529:
524:
522:Acanthocephala
519:
518:
517:
512:
497:
496:
495:
490:
469:
466:
365:
364:
363:
362:
361:
360:
354:
348:
335:
330:
329:
328:
325:Nectocarididae
319:
309:
298:
287:
282:
281:
280:
278:Acanthocephala
267:
265:Micrognathozoa
262:
249:
241:
240:
236:
235:
231:Cavalier-Smith
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
186:
185:
180:
173:
172:
167:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
116:
115:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2333:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2193:
2192:dubious phyla
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:Hemichordates
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Glass sponges
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Deuterostomia
1845:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:of Bilateria
1832:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1666:Cycliophora (
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Panarthropoda
1402:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:Stramenopiles
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
993:
990:
987:(major groups
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
967:
963:
962:
958:
954:
951:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
923:
920:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
885:
880:
877:
866:on 2013-02-07
865:
861:
855:
852:
839:
835:
828:
825:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
777:
775:
771:
764:
762:
758:
746:
745:
737:
736:
728:
727:
724:
723:
717:
716:
713:
712:
704:
703:
700:
699:
693:
692:
689:
688:
680:
679:
676:
675:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
654:
653:
647:
644:
643:
637:
636:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
612:
611:
605:
602:
601:
597:
596:
593:
591:
587:
579:
577:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
544:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
481:
480:
479:
475:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:Acanthognatha
435:
431:
428:
424:
420:
414:
372:
359:
355:
353:
352:Monoblastozoa
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
340:
336:
334:
331:
326:
320:
318:
317:
310:
307:
306:
299:
296:
295:
288:
286:
283:
279:
275:
274:
272:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
256:
254:
250:
248:
245:
244:
242:
237:
232:
227:
224:
222:Superphylum:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
126:
121:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2217:
2190:Potentially
2185:
2138:
2114:
2108:Gymnolaemata
2103:Stenolaemata
2092:Ectoproctans
2090:
2061:
2032:
2008:
2002:Pterobranchs
1989:
1965:
1941:
1917:
1893:
1887:within phyla
1885:Major groups
1755:
1742:Bryozoa s.l.
1733:Lophophorata
1721:
1697:
1675:
1667:
1630:
1619:Orthonectida
1594:
1541:
1534:
1523:
1442:
1435:
1364:
1322:Scalidophora
1271:
1259:Ambulacraria
1246:
1159:(see below↓)
1139:
1131:
1095:
1046:Opisthokonta
879:
868:. Retrieved
864:the original
854:
842:. Retrieved
838:the original
827:
792:
788:
759:
756:
720:
696:
672:
659:Gastrotricha
657:
615:
583:
571:
548:
493:Gastrotricha
477:
458:monophyletic
446:paraphyletic
370:
368:
358:Orthonectida
337:
314:
305:Timorebestia
303:
292:
285:Chaetognatha
269:Syndermata (
251:
247:Gastrotricha
225:
212:(unranked):
202:(unranked):
189:
176:
163:
153:Subkingdom:
109:
18:
2242:Wikispecies
2166:Tusk shells
2151:Cephalopods
2122:Polychaetes
2069:Turbellaria
2050:Crustaceans
2026:Secernentea
2016:Chromadorea
1997:Acorn worms
1967:Echinoderms
1959:Vertebrates
1901:Demosponges
1835:is disputed
1297:Protostomia
1185:is disputed
1112:ParaHoxozoa
844:28 December
537:Cycliophora
206:Protostomia
170:ParaHoxozoa
2316:Superphyla
2305:Categories
2146:Gastropods
2127:Clitellata
2034:Arthropods
1973:Sea lilies
1919:Cnidarians
1837:; see also
1767:Brachiozoa
1530:Syndermata
1489:Gnathifera
1187:; see also
1132:Trichoplax
1130:Placozoa (
1117:Planulozoa
870:2009-06-28
765:References
617:Gnathifera
567:Gnathifera
555:pseudocoel
551:acoelomate
505:Syndermata
500:Gnathifera
472:See also:
454:Gnathifera
419:protostome
341:(unranked)
276:including
255:(unranked)
253:Gnathifera
2132:Sipuncula
2079:Monogenea
2074:Trematoda
2045:Myriapods
2010:Nematodes
1954:Tunicates
1949:Lancelets
1943:Chordates
1935:Myxozoans
1842:Nephrozoa
1831:phylogeny
1631:Salinella
1586:Rouphozoa
1427:Tactopoda
1356:Nematoida
1308:Ecdysozoa
1229:Bilateria
1216:Bilateria
1197:Benthozoa
1192:Eumetazoa
1181:phylogeny
1151:Bilateria
1041:Amoebozoa
1019:Alveolata
1007:Cryptista
982:Eukaryota
811:0737-4038
646:Rouphozoa
576:are not.
563:parasitic
515:Seisonida
483:Rouphozoa
450:Rouphozoa
434:flatworms
346:Dicyemida
196:Nephrozoa
183:Bilateria
157:Eumetazoa
143:Kingdom:
137:Eukaryota
2321:Spiralia
2311:Platyzoa
2262:Platyzoa
2248:Platyzoa
2227:Wikidata
2218:Platyzoa
2156:Bivalves
2140:Molluscs
2116:Annelids
1475:Spiralia
1082:Animalia
1036:Amorphea
1014:Rhizaria
1002:Hacrobia
992:Excavata
977:Bacteria
819:24748651
604:Spiralia
590:Spiralia
574:rotifers
510:Rotifera
452:and the
371:Platyzoa
316:Inquicus
294:Amiskwia
271:Rotifera
226:Platyzoa
216:Spiralia
147:Animalia
133:Domain:
24:Platyzoa
2161:Chitons
2084:Cestoda
2021:Enoplea
1895:Sponges
1668:Symbion
1611:Mesozoa
1051:Animals
972:Archaea
948:Extant
698:Mesozoa
559:pharynx
462:Mesozoa
442:animals
339:Mesozoa
2288:169063
2275:914160
2233:Q46851
2186:bolded
1029:Plants
966:Domain
950:animal
817:
809:
427:phylum
239:Phyla
233:, 1998
1348:N+L+P
1056:Fungi
953:phyla
468:Phyla
369:The "
190:Clade
177:Clade
164:Clade
2270:ITIS
1829:The
1179:The
846:2016
815:PMID
807:ISSN
432:(or
35:PreꞒ
2257:ADW
1686:M+K
1578:R+M
1515:M+S
1384:L+P
797:doi
2307::
2285::
2272::
2259::
2244::
2229::
813:.
805:.
793:31
791:.
787:.
773:^
592:.
569:.
464:.
404:oʊ
373:"
273:)
192::
179::
166::
85:Pg
2194:†
1670:)
1635:†
1633:)
1119:)
1115:(
1063:)
941:e
934:t
927:v
873:.
848:.
821:.
799::
413:/
410:ə
407:.
401:z
398:ˈ
395:ɪ
392:t
389:æ
386:l
383:p
380:ˌ
377:/
356:?
350:?
327:?
322:†
312:†
301:†
290:†
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
