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contrasting colour to the initial dye used. If erythrocytes are to be stained, a small molecular weight yellow or orange dye is applied before staining with the red dye. It is usually applied from a saturated solution in 80% ethanol and often in conjunction with picric acid (itself a dye) and a polyacid. The methods exploit minor differences in tissue reaction to dyes, density, accessibility and so on.
433:
259:, which closely mimics Masson's trichrome. In "yellowsolve" methods, a red dye in dilute acetic acid is first applied, then the section is very thoroughly dehydrated to ensure that no moisture remains. The red dye is then displaced by a yellow dye in a solvent, such as cellosolve (2-ethoxy-ethanol). The name
243:
is applied first to overstain all components. Then a polyacid is applied to remove the red dye from collagen and some other components by displacement. A second acid dye (blue or green) in dilute acetic acid is applied which, in turn, displaces the polyacid, resulting in collagen stained in a
203:
may have fine collagen fibres between the liver cells, and the amount of collagen may be estimated based on the staining method. Trichrome methods are now used for differentiating muscle from collagen, pituitary alpha cells from beta cells, fibrin from collagen, and
251:. In "one-step" methods, all the dyes—with or without a polyacid—are combined in a single solution. One of the oldest single-step approaches to trichrome staining is van Gieson's method, which stains muscle and
422:
Reid PE. Iagallo M., Nehr S., Jankunis M., Morrow P. (1993) Mechanism of connective tissue techniques. 1. The effect of dye concentration and staining time on anionic dye procedures. Histochem. J. 25: 821-829.
404:
Baker J.R. (1958) Principles of biological
Microtechnique. London: Methuen. (Also paperback reprint, Franklin Classics Trade Press, USA, 2018. ISBN 978-0353331044.)
375:
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Puchtler H. Isler H. (1958) The effect of phosphomolybdic acid on the stainability of connective tissues by various dyes. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 6: 265-270.
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224:. Normally acid dyes would stain the same basic proteins, but by applying them sequentially the staining pattern can be manipulated. A polyacid (such as
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in fresh frozen muscle sections, among other applications. It helps in identifying increases in collagenous tissue (i.e., fibrotic changes) such as in
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199:, for example, is hard to differentiate from collagen. A trichrome stain can colour the muscle tissue red, and the collagen fibres green or blue.
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142:. Staining differentiates tissues by tinting them in contrasting colours. It increases the contrast of microscopic features in cells and
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Prento P. (2009) Staining of macromolecules: possible mechanisms and examples. Biotech. Histochem. 84: 139-158.
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Kiernan J.A. (2015) Histological and
Histochemical Methods, 5th ed. Banbury, UK: Scion. ISBN 9781907904325.
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Horobin R.W. (1988) Understanding
Histochemistry. Chichester: Ellis Horwood. ISBN 9780470210604.
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Without trichrome staining, discerning one feature from another can be extremely difficult.
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271:. Lendrum's phloxine-tartrazine for cell inclusions is one example of a yellowsolve stain.
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232:) is used to remove dye selectively. Polyacids are thought to behave as dyes with a high
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means "three colours". The first staining protocol that was described as "trichrome" was
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Trichrome stains in which dyes and a polyacid are applied sequentially are called
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Horobin R.W. (1982) Histochemistry. Stuttgart: Gustav
Fischer. ISBN 3437107003.
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and distinguishing tumours arising from muscle cells and fibroblasts.
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to a blue colour. Some other trichrome staining protocols are the
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31:"Trichrome" redirects here. For three color vision, see
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236:: they displace easily removed dye from collagen.
220:Trichrome staining techniques employ two or more
279:Among the dyes used for trichrome staining are:
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380:Chapter 10: Mastering the Trichrome Stain
255:yellow, and collagen red. Another is the
112:Learn how and when to remove this message
75:This article includes a list of general
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771:Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain
7:
289:, xylidine ponceau, chromotrope 2R,
848:Grocott's methenamine silver stain
81:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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481:Microbial and histological stains
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376:"Special Stains Education Guide"
66:
163:, which differentially stained
39:. For three-color systems, see
907:Biochemistry detection methods
35:. For the band and album, see
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134:method that uses two or more
239:Usually a red dye in dilute
27:Histological staining method
445:Masson's Trichrome Protocol
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574:Periodic acid–Schiff stain
302:Light green SF yellowish,
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355:Phase-contrast microscopy
161:Mallory's trichrome stain
716:Light Green SF yellowish
707:Masson's trichrome stain
666:Auramine–rhodamine stain
263:is a blend of the terms
177:Masson's trichrome stain
54:Not to be confused with
96:more precise citations.
833:Schaeffer–Fulton stain
803:Gömöri trichrome stain
257:Gömöri trichrome stain
185:Gömöri trichrome stain
138:in conjunction with a
808:Luxol fast blue stain
683:Auramine phenol stain
440:at Wikimedia Commons
249:multi-step trichromes
171:to a red colour, and
853:Warthin–Starry stain
726:Phosphomolybdic acid
230:Phosphotungstic acid
226:phosphomolybdic acid
197:Smooth muscle tissue
869:Tissue stainability
641:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
501:Perls Prussian blue
345:Dispersion staining
843:Bielschowsky stain
745:Van Gieson's stain
711:Lillie's trichrome
438:Trichrome staining
181:Lillie's trichrome
125:Trichrome staining
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695:Connective tissue
436:Media related to
167:to a red colour,
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16:(Redirected from
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721:Biebrich scarlet
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334:, milling yellow
291:Biebrich scarlet
234:molecular weight
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49:RYB color model
45:RGB color model
41:CMY color model
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886:Chromophobic
838:Silver stain
798:Giemsa stain
781:Haematoxylin
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384:. Retrieved
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287:Acid fuchsin
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206:mitochondria
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165:erythrocytes
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129:histological
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876:Acidophilic
828:Neutral red
813:Methyl blue
676:Rhodamine B
569:Mucicarmine
564:Alcian blue
519:Sudan stain
493:hemosiderin
320:Picric acid
308:methyl blue
261:yellowsolve
241:acetic acid
94:introducing
33:Trichromacy
901:Categories
881:Basophilic
736:Sirius Red
671:Auramine O
615:Gram stain
597:Thioflavin
399:References
350:Microscopy
332:tartrazine
312:water blue
269:cellosolve
183:, and the
148:microscope
77:references
37:Trichromes
917:Histology
636:Acid-fast
592:Congo red
539:Oil Red O
529:Sudan III
253:cytoplasm
222:acid dyes
216:Procedure
156:trichrome
153:The word
136:acid dyes
102:July 2017
18:Trichrome
912:Staining
654:Fuchsine
629:Safranin
607:Bacteria
534:Sudan IV
524:Sudan II
339:See also
324:orange G
295:phloxine
173:collagen
140:polyacid
132:staining
56:Trichome
786:Eosin Y
766:Cyanine
584:Amyloid
191:Purpose
144:tissues
90:improve
511:Lipids
386:20 May
382:. Dako
316:Yellow
265:yellow
79:, but
47:, and
754:Other
361:Notes
127:is a
489:Iron
388:2011
275:Dyes
267:and
283:Red
228:or
903::
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378:.
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