Mariology of the popes - Knowledge (XXG)

2323: 1611:. Mary, whose sinless soul was filled with the divine spirit of Jesus Christ above all other created souls, "in the name of the whole human race" gave her consent "for a spiritual marriage between the Son of God and human nature", thus elevating human nature beyond the realm of the purely material. Through her powerful prayers, she obtained that the spirit of our diviner redeemer should be bestowed on the newly founded Church at Pentecost. She is Most Holy Mother of all the members of Christ, and reigns in heaven with her Son, her body and soul refulgent with heavenly glory. 1305: 72: 1884:" gave her consent "for a spiritual marriage between the Son of God and human nature", thus elevating human nature beyond the realm of the purely material. She who, according to the flesh, was the mother of our Head, became mother of all His members. Through her powerful prayers, she obtained that the spirit of our Divine Redeemer should be bestowed on the newly founded Church at Pentecost. She is Most Holy Mother of all the members of Christ, and reigns in heaven with her Son, her body and soul refulgent with heavenly glory. 1072: 4311: 1988:, but also because God has willed her to have an exceptional role in the work of our eternal salvation." The encyclical argues, that Christ, because He redeemed us, is our Lord and king by a special title, so the Blessed Virgin also (is our queen), on account of the unique manner in which she assisted in our redemption, by giving of her own substance, by freely offering Him for us, by her singular desire and petition for, and active interest in, our salvation." 318: 1755:"Professional and civic affairs offer a vast field of Marian action. Gathered at the Virgin's feet, and open to her teachings, self-searching will uproot any false judgments and selfish impulses. ...The quest for social and political peace among men is, above all, a moral problem, because no reform can bear fruit, no agreement lasting without a conversion and cleansing of heart. In this jubilee year the Virgin of Lourdes reminds all men of this truth." 42: 1718: 2190: 7116: 5020: 5032: 1944: 2397:

chosen and destined to be the Mother of Christ. If this election is fundamental for the accomplishment of God's salvific designs for humanity, and if the eternal choice in Christ and the vocation to the dignity of adopted children is the destiny of everyone, then the election of Mary is wholly exceptional and unique. Hence also the singularity and uniqueness of her place in the mystery of Christ.

7105: 2661: 2309: 628: 1236: 1920:, which requested all Catholic bishops to express their opinion on a possible dogmatization. In this dogmatic statement, the phrase "having completed the course of her earthly life" leaves open the question of whether the Virgin Mary died before her Assumption, or, whether she was assumed before death; both possibilities are allowed. Mary's Assumption was a divine gift to Mary as 1122:, seeking the opinions of the bishops on the Immaculate Conception. Over 90 per cent of the bishops requested the dogmatization. Pius IX moved cautiously, on May 10, 1852, appointing a commission of twenty theologians to prepare a possible text of the dogma. Upon their completion, on December 2, 1852, he asked a commission of cardinals to finalize the text. 1565: 1768:

think of Mary, invoke Mary's aid. ...If you follow her, you will not stray; if you entreat her, you will not lose hope; if you reflect upon her, you will not err; if she supports you, you will not fall; if she protects you, you will not fear; if she leads you, you will not grow weary; if she is propitious, you will reach your goal."

963:. He permitted the title “Immaculate Conception” and instructed the Holy Office in 1712 not to persecute anyone invoking Mary using this title. The Feast of the Immaculate Conception, which existed only regionally, was prescribed for the whole Church. The Pope recommended the teachings and piety of Louis de Montfort and named him 1556:

the Council of Ephesus, he issued a call to the separated Orthodox Church to venerate Mary together and to overcome the schism. In several apostolic writings he supported praying the rosary. In 1931 he instituted the feast of motherhood of Mary. Pope Pius XI liked to quote Bernard of Clairvaux: "We have everything through Mary".

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the Savior. Therefore, all the faithful united to Christ are members of His body, of His flesh, and of His bones from the womb of Mary like a body united to its head. In a spiritual and mystical fashion, all are children of Mary, and she is their Mother. Mother, spiritually, but truly Mother of the members of Christ"

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should be invoked: "Nothing seems more appropriate and valuable than to have the prayers of the whole Christian family rise to the Mother of God, who is invoked as the Queen of Peace, begging her to pour forth abundant gifts of her maternal goodness in the midst of so many great trials and hardships.

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Go to her, you who are crushed by material misery, defenseless against the hardships of life and the indifference of men. Go to her, you who are assailed by sorrows and moral trials. Go to her, beloved invalids and infirm, you who are sincerely welcomed and honored at Lourdes as the suffering members

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At the same hour when the Lord placed the concern of the whole Church on our shoulders, at the mountain of Fátima appeared for the first time the White Queen of the Holy Rosary, as if the Mother of Mercy wanted to indicate, that in the stormy times of our pontificate, in the midst of the great crisis

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Our entire perfection consists in being conformed, united and consecrated to Jesus Christ. Hence the most perfect of all devotions is undoubtedly that which conforms, unites and consecrates us most perfectly to Jesus Christ. Now, since Mary is of all creatures the one most conformed to Jesus Christ,

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If the greeting and the name "full of grace" say all this, in the context of the angel's announcement they refer first of all to the election of Mary as Mother of the Son of God. But at the same time the "fullness of grace" indicates all the supernatural munificence from which Mary benefits by being

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Suffering from stomach cancer at the end of his life, Pope John's meditation on the Assumption was deeply Christological. "The mystery of the Assumption brings home the thought of death, of our death, and it diffuses within us a mood of peaceful abandonment; it familiarizes us with and reconciles us

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As the blessed Virgin Mary does not seem to participate in the public life of Jesus Christ, and then, suddenly appears at the stations of his cross, she is not there without divine intention. She suffers with her suffering and dying son, almost as if she would have died herself. For the salvation of

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She "did not conceive the Eternal Son of God merely in order that He might be made man taking His human nature from her, but also by giving him her human nature, that He might be the Redeemer of men. Mary, carrying the Savior within her, also carried all those whose life was contained in the life of

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The development of Mariology over the centuries has been influenced by a number of factors, among which papal directives have often represented key milestones. Examples of papal influences include new Marian feast days, prayers, acceptance of new Marian congregations, indulgences, support for Marian

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says that John Paul's Marian devotion is a combination of seventeenth-century French spirituality and Polish nationalism, where being Catholic is part of Polish identity and Mary is revered as the "Queen of Poland". Hebblethwaits suggests that this approach might resonate less outside of the unique

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being the essential part of a common heritage. When asked, in the spring of 1954, for his opinion regarding the proposed new feast of the Queenship of Mary, Cardinal Roncalli responded that he felt it unnecessary, and from an ecumenical perspective counter-productive. For the same reasons, later as

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The same day in a radio address he informed the people of Portugal about the apparitions of Fatima, consecrating the human race to the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin with specific mention of Russia. On December 8, 1942, the Pontiff officially and solemnly declared this consecration in a ceremony in

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Christian families must remain faithful to their vital mission in society, and, consecrate themselves in this jubilee year to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. For married couples this consecration will be a valuable aid in their conjugal duties of chastity and faithfulness and keep pure the atmosphere

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from April 29, 1965, focused on the Virgin Mary, to whom traditionally the month of May is dedicated as the Mother of God. Paul VI writes that Mary is rightly to be regarded as the way by which people are led to Christ. Therefore, the person who encounters Mary cannot help but encounter Christ. He

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took place on October 31, 1942, just before major turning points in World War Two. Pius XII consecrated to Mary not only the Church but the whole human race, as "Father of Christianity", as representative of Christ, to whom "All power is given in heaven and in earth" (atthew 28:18 ).At that time,

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The Pontiff states that the Immaculate Virgin knows the secret ways by which grace operates in souls. She also knows the great price which God attaches to sufferings, united to those of the Savior. The encyclical closes with a quote of Bernard of Clairvaux: "Amid dangers, difficulties, and doubts,

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in the history of the Catholic Church. In it Pius recalls pleasant memories of the pilgrimage to Lourdes which he undertook while Papal delegate at the Eucharistic and Marian Celebrations in 1937. The Pope reminds the faithful of France that every Christian land is a Marian land and that ”there is

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ruled the Church from 1922 to 1939. During his pontificate, a possible dogma of the assumption was being discussed. He granted France the patron "Our lady assumed into heaven patron". In 1930, he sent a papal delegate to the celebration of the house of Mary in Loreto, and in 1931, 1500 years after

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that only they may celebrate the feast of the Immaculate Conception. Later he extended the privilege to other orders for private Masses only. He outlawed the brotherhood of the Immaculate Conception but confirmed a knightly order with the same name. Allegedly, he had promised the King of Spain to

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Cardinal Tedeschini, who was present at the consecration in 1917, added his view to the coincidence: "The pontificate of Pius XII is focused on Fátima, May 13. It was Our Lady of Fátima, who connected with the person and future of Eugenio Pacelli, having him consecrated through the hands of Pope

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in 1950. At the Marianum, one can get a master's degree in Mariology (2-year academic program) and also a doctorate in Mariology. This Mariological facility has a library with more than 85,000 volumes on Mariology and a number of magazines and journals of theological and Mariological concern.

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On May 18, 1950, the Pope sent a message to the people of Portugal: "May Portugal never forget the heavenly message of Fatima, which, before anybody else she was blessed to hear. To keep Fátima in your heart and to translate Fátima into deeds, is the best guarantee for ever more graces”

1854:, Pope Pius requested the consecration to the Immaculate Heart of every Catholic family, parish and diocese. "It is our wish, consequently, that wherever the opportunity suggests itself, this consecration be made in the various dioceses as well as in each of the parishes and families." 2389:

and at a general audience on September 17, 1997, John Paul II reiterated the title Mary, Mother of the Church. The encyclical is a summary of modern Mariology, making some novel points. According to John Paul, the Mother of the Redeemer has a precise place in the plan of salvation.

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At the same time as he closely associated the celebrations of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the Queenship of Mary from 31 May to 22 August, bringing it into association with the feast of her Assumption.

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not one nation redeemed in the blood of Christ which does not glory in proclaiming Mary its Mother and Patroness.” He then recalls the history of Marian veneration, the history of Lourdes and the contributions of the Popes to her veneration in Lourdes.

2127:(1958) was the last Marian initiative of Pope Pius XII. It coordinates activities of Marian centres in Italy and organizes Marian pilgrimages and Marian study weeks for priests. In addition it started Marian youth gatherings and publishes the Journal 2219:

said that the Theological Commission had considered and rejected the title "Mother of the Church" not because they thought it was wrong, but because it was fatally prone to misunderstanding, and open to the suggestion that it appeared to place Mary

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Leo XIII explained the importance of the rosary as the one road to God, from the father to the Son, to his Mother, and from her to the human race. The rosary is a vital means to participate in the life of Mary and to find the way to Christ.

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In several encyclicals and apostolic letters to the people of Poland and other countries behind the Iron curtain, he expressed certainty that the Blessed Virgin Mary would triumph over her enemies. On September 8, 1953, the encyclical

1346:, he described the Virgin Mary as mediating all graces. In 1883 he wrote that nothing is as salvific and powerful as asking for the support of the Virgin, the mediator of peace with God and of heavenly graces. In his rosary encyclical 1654:. His Secretary of State, Cardinal Luigi Maglione would later say that the Pope had been deeply moved by the parallel of his episcopal consecration and the apparition in Fátima. Referring to his episcopal consecration Pope Pius said: 1452:

and the Savior of mankind. He had a physical body like every other man: and as Savior of the human family, he had a spiritual and mystical body, the Church. This, the Pope argues, has consequences for our view of the Blessed Virgin.

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it follows that among all devotions that which most consecrates and conforms a soul to our Lord is devotion to Mary, his Holy Mother, and that the more a soul is consecrated to her the more will it be consecrated to Jesus Christ.

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Benedict XV to the fullness of priesthood at the very day and hour in which the Most Blessed Virgin with her messages first descended to Fátima. May 13 is engraved in all our hearts, how much more in the heart of this Pope.

1472:, devoted to Marian veneration and open to new theological perspectives. He personally addressed in numerous letters the pilgrims at Marian sanctuaries. He named Mary the Patron of Bavaria. To underline his support for the 2092:

he granted the foundation of the Academia Mariana Salesiana which is a part of a papal university. The academy supports Salesian studies with the aim of furthering the veneration of the Blessed Virgin in the tradition of

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mankind, she gave up her rights as the mother of her son and sacrificed him for the reconciliation of divine justice, as far as she was permitted to do. Therefore, one can say, she redeemed with Christ the human race.

1151:, proclaimed the Immaculate Conception. Eight years earlier, in 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata the patron of the US. During the 5792: 5629: 2379:

John Paul II attributed his survival of an assassination attempt on May 13, 1981, (the Feast of Our Lady of Fatima) to the protection of Mary. A year later, he made a pilgrimage to Portugal in thanksgiving.

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to the analysis of the Church as a whole. Leo actively employed his papal authority to support the veneration of Mary in places of her apparitions. Upon the blessing and opening of the Church of our Lady in

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Pius strongly supported Marian research with the foundation or enlargement of a number of research centers in Rome. In 1950 and in 1958 he authorized institutions for increased academic research into the

1224:(1878-1903) stressed Mary's role in the redemption of humanity. His mariology was greatly influenced by Thomas Aquinas, especially his view of Mary's role in the Annunciation. Leo's emphasis on the path 1798: 1783: 1105:. During his pontificate petitions increased requesting the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception. In 1848 Pius appointed a theological commission to analyze the possibility for a Marian dogma. 1183:. On 8 May the fathers rejected a dogmatization at that time, a rejection shared by Pius IX. Council fathers highlighted the divine motherhood of Mary and called her the mother of all graces. 857:

Not all Popes took the same view on Marian beliefs and devotions. Pope Francis warned that it could not please Mary if we honor her in a way that diminishes the honor given to her divine Son.

396: 1382:, assumed the role of a helper in the mystery of redemption. Thus all Christians are born through Mary. With Jesus, Mary carried all in her womb. Therefore, all Christians are her children. 1448:, he views Mary in the context of "restoring everything in Christ". Spiritually we all are her children and she is our mother. Therefore, she must be venerated like a mother. Christ is the 696:"The century preceding the Second Vatican Council was arguably the most fertile era for Catholic Marian studies." A number of popes have made Marian themes a key part of their papacy, e.g. 5384: 1906:

By the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ, of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and by our own authority, we pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed dogma: that the

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Pope Leo XIII issued a record number of encyclicals on the rosary, instituted the Catholic custom of daily rosary prayer during the month of October, and created in 1883 the Feast of

903:. Pius V included in the catechism he promulgated the second part of the Hail Mary that had just been added in the Council of Trent: "Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners." 5414: 1476:

theology, he authorized the Feast of Mary Mediator of all Graces. He condemned the misuse of Marian statues and pictures dressed in priestly robes, which he outlawed April 4, 1916.

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for 1954, the first in Church history. The year was filled with Marian initiatives, in the areas of mariology, cultural events, charity and social gatherings. In his encyclicals

2208:(section below), the Pope called Mary the ideal of Christian perfection. He regards “devotion to the Mother of God as of paramount importance in living the life of the Gospel.” 6719: 935:(1670–1676) furthered Marian piety with additional indulgences and privileges to religious orders and cities to celebrate special Marian feasts. He opposed the Marian piety of 656: 1526:

he depicts Ephraim as a model of Marian devotion to our mother who uniquely was predestined by God. Pope Benedict did not issue a Marian encyclical but addressed the issue of

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was created in 1950 and entrusted to the Order of Servites. It is authorized to grant all academic degrees including a doctorate in theology. Since 1976, every two years the

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We want constant and devout prayers to be offered to her whom We declared Mother of the Church, its spiritual parent, during the celebration of the Second Vatican Council."

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study of the influence that the popes have had on the development, formulation and transformation of the Roman Catholic Church's doctrines and devotions relating to the

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for a redirection of the whole Church to ensure an authentic approach to Christology via a return to the "whole truth about Mary". As Cardinal Ratzinger, he wrote:

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he stated that the deepest reason why Roman Catholics look for the protection of Mary through prayer is most certainly her office as mediator of divine grace. In

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Popes were highly important for the development of doctrine and the veneration of the Blessed Virgin. They made decisions not only in the area of Marian beliefs (

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in 1942, in accordance with the second "secret" of Our Lady of Fatima. (His remains were to be buried in the crypt of Saint Peter's Basilica on the feast day of

1049:(1769–1775) had to deal with popular unrest in Southern Italy regarding celebrations and processions of the Immaculate Conception. He granted a privilege to the 6997: 6784: 5787: 5124: 943:) with a bull published on December 15, 1673, and outlawed some manifestations of Marian devotions. Several bulls supported the frequent citing of the rosary. 1940:. (In 1969, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the Immaculate Heart of Mary to the Saturday immediately after the Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.) 5667: 3351: 1667:

On May 13, 1942, the 25th anniversary of the first apparition, and silver jubilee of the Episcopal consecration of Pope Pius XII, the Vatican published the

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Pius XII teaches that Mary looks upon some of her children with a special affection, the lowly, the poor, and the afflicted whom Jesus loved so much.

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During his speech upon the closing of the third session of the Second Vatican Council on November 21, 1964, Paul VI proclaimed "Mary the Most Holy

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The dogma of the bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary is the crowning of the theology of Pope Pius XII. It was preceded by the 1946 encyclical

920:(February 3, 1603) to condemn negations of the virginity of Mary. He promulgated Marian congregations and supported the rosary culture with 19 6936: 6884: 5516: 4246: 3881: 3314: 2718: 2170:

inscribed above his chapel in the Apostolic Delegation in Istanbul as he believed that Mariology was the key to unity with the Orthodox; the

986:(1724–1730) issued several indulgences in support of the rosary prayer, rosary processions and for praying the rosary on 15 “Marian Tuesdays” 341: 6874: 6610: 5128: 5063: 4951: 4897: 4660: 2470:

It is necessary to go back to Mary if we want to return to that "truth about Jesus Christ," "truth about the Church" and "truth about man".

2322: 2204:(1963–1978) attempted to present the Marian teachings of the Church in view of her new ecumenical orientation. In his inaugural encyclical 1980:

Assumed into heaven, so Pope Pius, "Mary is with Jesus Christ, her divine son. Mary should be called Queen, not only because of her Divine

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he presented a synthesis of the Mariology of the Church and warned against excesses and timid under-representation of the Catholic faith.

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Pope Pius XII instituted the feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in 1944 to be celebrated on 22 August, coinciding with the traditional

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and initiatives, acceptance and support of Marian congregations, indulgences and special privileges, and support for Marian devotions.

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to Leo XIII who, in December 1893, approved it and endowed it with indulgences. On April 22, 1903, Leo XIII included the invocation "

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in 1894. He condemned heresies about the Immaculate Conception and discussed the relation of Saint Joseph to Mary in the encyclical

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for the whole Church and placed his pontificate under the special patronage of the Virgin, In his Apostolic Letter of 7 July 1952,

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of human history, we will always have the motherly and vigilant assistance of the great conqueress, who would protect and guide us.

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Pope Pius XII was called the most Marian pope in Church history. He placed his pontificate under the protection of the Virgin.

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developed into papal teaching over time. Popes have also limited and cautioned against some devotional practices. In 1674

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In a homily, Francis compared Mary at the foot of the Cross with the mothers of prisoners he had met in Buenos Aires.

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petitions favored a possible assumption dogma, but this was strongly opposed by some council fathers, especially from

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On November 30, 1934, Angelo Roncalli was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey. Archbishop Roncalli had the words

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of our Lord. Go to her and receive peace of heart, strength for your daily duties, joy for the sacrifice you offer.

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in 1950, the Centro Mariano Montfortano was moved from Bergamo to Rome. The Centro promulgates the teachings of

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German troops under General Rommel had conquered strategic parts of North Africa and were advancing towards the

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This article is about papal influence on Marian theology and devotion. For official papal teaching on Mary, see

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Epistola Encyclica De patrocinio Sancti Josephi una cum Virginis Deiparae pro temporum difficultate implorando

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to the idea that the Lord will be present in our death agony, to gather up into his hands our immortal soul."

1880:: Maria, whose sinless soul was filled with the divine spirit of Jesus Christ above all other created souls, " 1870:

defined the Virgin conceived without sin, as the mother of God and our mother. Pope Pius XII built on this in

1822:, like his predecessors, put his trust in prayer. On October 31, 1942, he called for a prayer crusade to the 7040: 6672: 6633: 6600: 6046: 6026: 5894: 5772: 5722: 5501: 5302: 5242: 4907: 4717: 4698: 4508: 4496: 4474: 2786: 2684: 2332:

The direction of the Catholic Church during the last part of the 20th century was dominated by the views of

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In 1950 and in 1958 he authorized institutions for increased academic research into the veneration of the

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is the most active Marilogical centre in Rome. This pontifical Catholic institute was founded by Father

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organizes international conferences to find modern formulations which approximate the mystery of Mary.

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of Mary and her being taken up into heaven. He resisted attempts, however, to issue a second Marian

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It was not until 1854 that Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic

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Remigius Bäumer, Leo Scheffczyk (Hrsg.) Marienlexikon Gesamtausgabe, Institutum Marianum Regensburg

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question, the role of the Virgin in the salvation acts of her son Jesus Christ. In the encyclical

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was issued on July 2, 1957. The encyclical represents the strongest pronouncement of the papal

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included initiatives in the areas of Mariology, cultural events, charity and social gatherings

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be inserted into the Roman Calendar on the Monday after Pentecost (also known as Whit Monday).

6987: 6223: 5548: 5428: 5195: 5151: 4913: 4811: 4655: 4621: 4403: 4393: 4300: 4215: 4202: 4152: 3984: 3877: 3852: 3805:"HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI - HIS HOLINESS JOHN PAUL II - Coat of Arms - HOLY SEE Coat of Arms" 3787: 3767: 3738: 3334: 3221: 3168: 3067:, in Michael Testa, Mary: The Virgin Mary in the Life and Writings of John Henry Newman 2001; 3002: 2911: 2870: 2760: 2724: 2714: 2631: 2607: 2601: 2482:

Like his predecessors, he spoke against the attribution of the title "Co-Redemptrix" to Mary.

2463: 2459: 2437: 2423: 2385: 2362: 2333: 2326: 2293: 2216: 2104: 2022: 1974: 1960: 1357: 1263: 1252: 1034: 1021: 936: 911: 895:

in 1571 Pius V requested to the people of Europe to pray the rosary. After the victory of the

780: 748: 548: 289: 284: 269: 2842: 2154:

is also the name of the prestigious journal of Marian theology, previously founded by Father

1371:, he wrote that calling on Mary is the best way to be heard by God, and to find God's grace. 6849: 6623: 6585: 6543: 6471: 6466: 6433: 6240: 6173: 6136: 6131: 6111: 6106: 6031: 5884: 5874: 5834: 5365: 5183: 5166: 4870: 4826: 4779: 4643: 4455: 4423: 4340: 4326: 3047: 2614: 2596: 2512: 2177:

Pope, he declined a request for a dogmatic definition of the "spiritual maternity of Mary".

2155: 2140: 2078: 2060: 2017: 1969: 1933: 1872: 1850: 1647: 1595: 1492: 1465: 1412: 1319: 1315: 1288: 1283: 1046: 1010: 1006: 854:, Marian fraternities were founded, fostering Marian piety, not all of which were approved. 851: 588: 523: 371: 253: 129: 114: 109: 1228:

has been a key direction in Roman Catholic Mariology, with Mariology viewed as inherent in

7084: 6967: 6824: 6789: 6595: 6590: 6515: 6510: 6451: 6376: 6126: 6056: 5588: 5529: 5079: 4516: 4491: 4418: 3153: 3035: 2638: 2505: 2272: 1717: 1572: 1352:, he stated that Mary is administrator of graces on earth, part of a new salvation order. 956: 916: 870: 416: 401: 240: 212: 63: 17: 2361:

As a young man, Karol Wojtyła was deeply influenced by the writings of the French priest

2234:

writes that the Queen of Heaven is entrusted by God, as administrator of his compassion.

1220:

In his encyclical on the fiftieth anniversary of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception,

2189: 1139:

he inquired of the bishops about a possible dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.

41: 7002: 6931: 6779: 6714: 6500: 6490: 6476: 6461: 6141: 6036: 5920: 5899: 5433: 5312: 5287: 5259: 5190: 4753: 4680: 3970: 3623: 3146: 2988: 2585: 2255: 2054: 2003: 1842: 1693: 1643: 1508: 1484: 1375: 1038:, issued on September 27, 1748, and increased indulgences for all who pray the rosary. 932: 847: 426: 217: 162: 119: 2215:, that is, the Mother of the whole People of God, both the faithful and the pastors." 1159:. Some fathers requested the dogma of the Immaculate Conception to be included in the 7134: 6894: 6854: 6739: 6661: 6646: 6495: 6456: 6262: 6146: 5943: 5612: 5327: 5036: 4945: 4902: 4880: 4838: 4816: 4693: 4597: 4055: 2560: 2544: 2528: 2242: 2144: 1956: 1921: 1819: 1527: 1444: 1348: 1221: 1130: 940: 914:(1592–1605) considered Marian piety the basis for Church reforms and issued the bull 820: 533: 124: 3832: 3137:

Encyclical Jucunda Semper 8.9.1894 quoted in Marienlexikon,Eos St. Ottilien, 1988 42

2081:, Raimondo Spiazzi, Otto Faller and Sebastian Tromp. Roschini was named head of the 6869: 6804: 6734: 6724: 6651: 6551: 6520: 6296: 6245: 6013: 5955: 5852: 5623: 5540: 5496: 5491: 5481: 5292: 5219: 4799: 4794: 4688: 4376: 4271: 4096: 4090: 4043: 4037: 3128:

in Lettres apostoliques de s.s. Léon XIII : encycliques, brefs etc, p. 250-261

2350:, the use of the Marian Cross on his coat of arms was a departure from traditional 2341: 2337: 2316: 2312: 2285: 2201: 1985: 1811: 1702: 1615: 1552: 1419: 1390:

More than any other pope, Leo XIII, who was himself a member of the Pious Union of

1379: 1256: 1109: 1090: 828: 824: 816: 726: 722: 718: 508: 274: 257: 4080:

https://web.archive.org/web/20170925082500/http://mariologicalsocietyofamerica.us/

4027:

https://web.archive.org/web/20170925082500/http://mariologicalsocietyofamerica.us/

1943: 1675:

to preside over a canonical coronation of the image of Our Lady of Fátima, in the

1361:

he noted that Mary is mediator because Christ the Lord is also our brother And in

3974: 3951: 2992: 2817: 1155:, some 108 council fathers requested to add the words "Immaculate Virgin" to the 7065: 6921: 6794: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6749: 6051: 5986: 5842: 5767: 5745: 5593: 5355: 5317: 4964: 4263: 4014: 3203: 2251: 2049: 1740: 1726: 1706: 1698: 1623: 1576: 1500: 1480: 1439: 1229: 882: 808: 737: 710: 7104: 2660: 2354:

models and was intended to emphasize the presence of the Virgin Mary under the

1235: 1108:

In 1848 the Pope had to flee Rome, when a revolutionary movement took over the

627: 6759: 6754: 6578: 6505: 6121: 6041: 5672: 4976: 4850: 4289: 2656: 2552: 2497: 2418: 2308: 2238: 2229: 2094: 1981: 1803: 1614:

Many of the saints canonized by Pius XII were deeply devoted to Mary, such as

1050: 921: 769: 701: 294: 3875:

Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons

2728: 2416:

further communicated his Marian focus as he explained how his personal motto

768:. Popes promulgated Marian veneration and beliefs by authorizing: new Marian 6864: 6859: 6829: 6525: 6288: 6272: 6257: 6101: 5991: 5869: 5859: 5727: 5506: 4806: 4758: 4713: 4638: 4569: 4530: 4445: 3333:

by Dalmais, Irénée Henri; Martimort, Aimé Georges; and Jounel, Pierre. 1985

2427: 2172: 2012: 1877: 1473: 1339: 1323: 1156: 564: 279: 177: 169: 4007:

Die marianischen Weltrundschreiben der Päpste in den letzten hundert Jahren

3196:

Die marianischen Weltrundschreiben der Päpste in den letzten hundert Jahren

1579:

and as a young boy, two images in Rome received particular veneration: the

1499:

throughout the world by elevating twenty well-known Marian shrines such as

4032: 2708: 1959:

in 1954, in association with his announcement of new Marian feast for the

7012: 6839: 5938: 5307: 4919: 4860: 2940:

F Masson, Le Cardinal de Bernis depuis son minister Paris, 1884, 156, 164

2920:"PART IV: THE LORD'S PRAYER: PRAYER: Importance Of Instruction On Prayer" 2351: 2150: 2136: 2118: 2082: 2026: 1814:, the Imperial Japanese forces occupied ever increasing territories, and 1600: 1511:. He also promoted Marian devotions in the month of May in the spirit of 1396: 1327: 812: 791:) has also been influential. Popes have promoted Marian devotion through 705: 697: 674: 304: 4224: 2266:

Paul VI taught that the rosary is a summary of gospel teaching. His new

1902:

as an article of faith for Roman Catholic, the dogma of the assumption:

1564: 1251:. A century after his death, Leo XIII is often quoted, most recently by 6809: 6089: 5647: 5521: 5464: 4774: 4728: 4723: 4283: 4018: 3318: 3207: 2277: 2045: 1867: 1807: 1608: 1504: 1268: 1180: 1054: 784: 264: 4061:

Michael Schmaus, Mariologie, Katholische Dogmatik, München Vol V, 1955

3946:

Michael Schmaus, Mariologie, Katholische Dogmatik, München Vol V, 1955

6962: 6267: 6252: 6196: 6163: 4865: 2413: 2281: 2267: 2247: 2007:

announced a Marian year for 1954, the centennial of the Dogma of the

1827: 1815: 1148: 773: 356: 1338:

Leo XIII was the first Pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as

736:

of the link between the study of Mary and the development of a full

1650:

on May 13, 1917, the same day as the first purported apparition of

990:

He outlawed the Serafine rosary in 1727 and extended the feasts of

7060: 6228: 6192: 5048: 4368: 4277: 2517: 2321: 2284:

prayers. Mary deserves the devotions because she is the mother of

2188: 2107:, who was earlier canonized by Pius XII. It publishes the monthly 2077:. He supported or rewarded Mariological research of scholars like 1942: 1818:

experienced an ever expanding German invasion. In this situation,

1716: 1563: 1303: 1234: 1203: 1160: 1129:. Pius IX's approach of seeking collegial consensus was quoted by 1113: 1094: 1070: 796: 3921:"Pope's Morning Homily: Uneasy? Alone? Turn to Mary, Your Mother" 2033:

is believed to have first appeared, consecrated the world to the

1198:

within two decades. He attributed to Mary his narrow escape from

6233: 5952: 3764:

Mary's pope: John Paul II, Mary, and the church since Vatican II

3607: 3220:

Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices

2143:(who then directed it for several years) under the direction of 1952: 1199: 5052: 4228: 3784:

The Vision of John Paul II: Assessing His Thought and Influence

2782:"Pope calls idea of declaring Mary co-redemptrix 'foolishness'" 1282:

to be the patron of Catalonia, and instituted the Feast of the

2713:. Cavadini, John C., Peters, Danielle M. Notre Dame, Indiana. 1125:

This influenced the eventual promulgation of the dogma of the

2270:

includes all new Marian prayers. And in his 1974 exhortation

1721:

On April 1, 1899, Eugenio Pacelli said his first Mass at the

1442:(1903–1914) promoted daily communion. In his 1904 encyclical 1394:, was deeply attached to Our Lady of Good Counsel. The small 2358:

and her special participation in the process of redemption.

1275:

supporting pilgrimages to Lourdes and other Marian shrines.

1845:, Pius consecrated Russia to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. 3402:

Johannes M Höcht, Papst Pius XII und Fatima, Wien 1956, 58

1671:. In May 1946, he authorized his personal representative, 899:, he declared a commemorative feast that later became the 4066:

Maria, sintesi di valori. Storia culturale di mariologia.

1924:, and so also testimony to the divine nature of her Son. 959:(1700–1721) prepared the groundwork for the dogma of the 2029:, having been consecrated on May 13, 1917, the very day 1515:. The dogmatic constitution on the Church issued by the 1483:, Benedict placed the world under the protection of the 2276:, he again promotes Marian devotions, highlighting the 1330:

also placed his pontificate under the maternal care of

3624:

Hebblethwaite, Peter. "The Mariology of Three Popes",

3352:"Munificentissimus Deus (November 1, 1950) | PIUS XII" 1024:

wrote books about the feast days of Christ and Mary –

831:

decreed that the Memorial of the Blessed Virgin Mary,

4011:

Marian Encyclicals of Popes in the Last Hundred Years

3200:

Marian Encyclicals of Popes in the Last Hundred Years

3071:

in Vittorio Messori, "The Mary Hypothesis" Rome, 2005

2111:

which promulgates the Marian orientation of Montfort.

1725:. Fifty years later, he crowned this picture for the 971:

On October 3, 1716, Clement XI extended the feast of

850:(1670–1676) indexed books on Marian piety. After the 1826:, and dedicated the whole human race and especially 7026: 6883: 6696: 6632: 6542: 6432: 6283: 6172: 6065: 6012: 5937: 5908: 5833: 5758: 5693: 5638: 5557: 5452: 5427: 5341: 5273: 5218: 5137: 5114: 4985: 4938: 4888: 4879: 4767: 4679: 4610: 4590: 4538: 4529: 4507: 4454: 4366: 4325: 4318: 4262: 1837:In 1944, Pope Pius XII prescribed the Feast of the 1216:List of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII on the Rosary 1009:(1758–1769) banned all Marian litanies except the 3869: 3867: 3287: 3285: 1378:Leo borrows the notion that Mary, in the hour of 3950:Algermissen, Konrad; Böer, Ludwig, eds. (1957). 3619: 3617: 3615: 2816:Algermissen, Konrad; Böer, Ludwig, eds. (1957). 1190:, and recognized the close relation between the 1697:, Pius XII became the first Pope to call for a 27:Papal influence on Marian theology and devotion 4155:, encyclical, apostolic letters and addresses 2589:1953 by Pius XII on centenary of the dogma of 1143:1854 proclamation of the Immaculate Conception 1028:He supported the Marian congregations for the 5064: 4240: 3654:, Capovilla, Loris (ed): (Rome, 1978), p. 520 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2710:Mary on the eve of the Second Vatican Council 1163:of the Church, which was opposed by Pius IX. 732:Popes have also highlighted the key Catholic 650: 8: 4181:Pope John Paul II on Saint Louis de Montfort 3489:Second Homily on the Missus est: PL CLXXXIII 1799:Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary 1247:. Leo XIII promulgated Marian devotions via 4031:The Marian Library at University of Dayton 3666:, Capovilla, Loris (ed): (Rome, 1979), p 56 3373: 3371: 3311:Angelic shepherd: the life of Pope Pius XII 1519:quotes the Marian theology of Benedict XV. 6993:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 5934: 5449: 5134: 5071: 5057: 5049: 4885: 4614: 4535: 4322: 4247: 4233: 4225: 3684:Leo Cardinal Scheffczyk, Vaticanum II, in 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2889:"History of the Hail Mary Prayer--Aleteia" 2755:McLoughlin, William M. and Pinnock, Jill. 2048:(see below). In 1953, Pope Pius ordered a 1642:Pacelli was consecrated archbishop in the 1401:(the White Scapular) was presented by the 657: 643: 36: 4671:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church 3570:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 94 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3029:The Holy Spirit Assists the Roman Pontiff 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2618:1948 Pius XII on Marian prayers for peace 2254:and the dangers of atomic conflicts. The 891:which popularized the rosary. Before the 3735:Vietnam War era: people and perspectives 3640:GiovanniXXIII, profezia nellafidelt& 2307: 1973:, he introduced a new Marian feast, the 1082:The Immaculate Conception of El Escorial 4033:https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/index.php 2700: 1888:Adoption of the dogma of the Assumption 1786:the human race and later Russia to the 1691:With the September 8, 1953, encyclical 1112:and city government. From his exile in 57: 3833:Blessed Virgin Is Mother Of The Church 2734: 1167:Rejection of a dogma of the Assumption 3236: 3234: 3083:"Rosary Encyclicals by Pope Leo XIII" 2908:The catechism of the Council of Trent 2780:San Martín, Inés (12 December 2019). 2292:. On the fiftieth anniversary of the 1314:, and included her invocation in the 1058:dogmatize the Immaculate Conception. 7: 2775: 2773: 1967:In the October 11, 1954, encyclical 1778:Consecration and entrustment to Mary 1772:Consecration to the Immaculate Heart 693:) and declaration of Marian dogmas. 481:Approved, with widespread liturgical 2680:History of Roman Catholic Mariology 1882:in the name of the whole human race 1232:, and the rosary paving that path. 483:veneration endorsed by the Holy See 3873:Burke, Raymond L.; et al. (2008). 3065:Mariology is always christocentric 2288:and because of her unique role in 1271:, he issued the apostolic writing 1262:He applied the Marian analysis of 25: 3046:and to add the Immaculata to the 2843:"The Rosary Predated St. Dominic" 2426:'s doctrine on the excellence of 1426:was previously approved in 1868. 779:The formal recognition of Marian 7156:Documents of the Catholic Church 7115: 7114: 7103: 7071:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 6619:Criticism of the Catholic Church 5030: 5019: 5018: 4309: 2659: 2573:Assumption of the Blessed Virgin 2363:Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort 2193:Paul VI during his visit to the 1603:speaks to the 1854 dogma of the 1249:twelve encyclicals on the rosary 764:) but also Marian practices and 717:to establish a Marian dogma and 626: 317: 316: 70: 40: 5238:First seven ecumenical councils 4071:Stefano de Fiores, (Marianum), 3983:] (in German). EOS-Verlag. 3001:] (in German). EOS-Verlag. 2910:by Theodore Alois Buckley 2010 2887:Kosloski, Philip (6 May 2017). 901:Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary 5813:Separation of church and state 4998:Saint Luke painting the Virgin 4419:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana 4414:Finding of Jesus in the Temple 4189:Address to the Mariology Forum 4064:Stefano De Fiores, (Marianum) 3606:at Viale 30 Aprile- 6, 00153, 3313:, 1950 Dodd, Mead Publishers, 2125:Collegamento Mariano Nazionale 2011:. Pope Pius XII left open the 1794:Saint Peter Basilica in Rome. 1424:Scapular of Our Lady of Ransom 967:Apostolic Missionary of France 888:Consueverunt Romani Pontifices 793:encyclicals, Apostolic Letters 397:Congregation of Marian Fathers 145:Consecrations and entrustments 1: 4078:Mariology Society of America 4073:Maria. Nuovissimo dizionario. 4025:Mariology Society of America 3393:, Paris, 1945, Freiburg, 1945 3391:Il etait trios petit enfantes 3379:Mystici corporis Christi, 110 3167:by Thomas J. Craughwell 2007 1898:In 1950 Pius XII defined the 1368:Augustissimae Virginis Mariae 1334:and composed a prayer to her. 756:Papal influences on Mariology 87: 4087:, referenced as AAS by year. 3664:Il rosario con papa Giovanni 2867:Butler's Lives Of The Saints 2492:Mariological papal documents 2486:Mariological papal documents 2412:of Pope John Paul II on the 2376:Polish national experience. 2135:Of these organizations, the 1669:Message and Secret of Fátima 407:Marianists (Society of Mary) 32:Mariological papal documents 4199:Fundamentals of Catholicism 3626:Mary in Christian Tradition 2430:and total consecration. In 2101:Centro Mariano Montfortano: 2090:Academia Mariana Salesiana: 1752:in which children grow up. 1399:of Our Lady of Good Counsel 7172: 7110:Catholic Church portal 3087:University of Dayton, Ohio 2931:Opera Omnia Roma, 1747, 51 2757:Mary for Time and Eternity 2489: 2021:he promulgated the feast, 1891: 1775: 1701:, a practice continued by 1468:(1914–1922) was an ardent 1213: 861:13th to the 17th centuries 460:Queen of Angels Foundation 450:Marian Movement of Priests 432:World Apostolate of Fátima 402:Company of Mary (Montfort) 29: 18:Mariology of Pope Pius XII 7098: 7036:Aid to the Church in Need 6657:Vatican Television Center 6302:Eastern Catholic Churches 5086: 5014: 4617: 4465:Bilocation to Saint James 4307: 4093:, Apostolic Constitution 4040:, Apostolic Constitution 3969:Bäumer, Remigius (1989). 3737:by Mitchell K. Hall 2009 3519:Munificentissimus Deus 42 3241:Ad diem illum laetissimum 2987:Bäumer, Remigius (1989). 2462:continued the program of 1487:and added the invocation 1116:he issued the encyclical 1026:De festis Christi at BMV. 992:Our Lady of Seven Sorrows 975:to the Universal Church. 208:Our Lady, Star of the Sea 83:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 6978:Communion and Liberation 6442:Eastern Catholic liturgy 5607:Mystici Corporis Christi 5535:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 4517:Protoevangelium of James 4173:Rosarium Virginis Mariae 4132:Mystici corporis Christi 3859:Rosarium Virginis Mariae 3499:Le pèlerinage de Lourdes 3478:Le pèlerinage de Lourdes 3466:Le pèlerinage de Lourdes 3454:Le pèlerinage de Lourdes 3441:Le pèlerinage de Lourdes 3069:Mariology Is Christology 3061:Mystici corporis Christi 3034:August 10, 2011, at the 2690:Protestant views of Mary 2675:Roman Catholic Mariology 2646:Rosarium Virginis Mariae 2568:Deiparae Virginis Mariae 2433:Rosarium Virginis Mariae 2409:Rosarium Virginis Mariae 2365:; especially Montfort's 2035:Immaculate Heart of Mary 1917:Deiparae Virginis Mariae 1908:Immaculate Mother of God 1839:Immaculate Heart of Mary 1832:Immaculate Heart of Mary 1788:Immaculate Heart of Mary 1736:Le pèlerinage de Lourdes 1403:Hermits of St. Augustine 1392:Our Lady of Good Counsel 1332:Our Lady of Good Counsel 1322:, the original being in 1311:Our Lady of Good Counsel 1308:Leo XIII was devoted to 1245:Queen of the Holy Rosary 1186:Pius IX believed in the 1136:Deiparae Virginis Mariae 996:Our Lady of Mount Carmel 743:Mystici corporis Christi 740:, e.g. as in Pius XII's 455:Fatima Family Apostolate 445:Our Lady's Rosary Makers 362:Seven Joys of the Virgin 193:Our Lady of Mount Carmel 188:Our Lady of Good Counsel 7146:Pope Pius XII Mariology 5793:Philosophy of canon law 5723:Mariology of the saints 5303:Investiture Controversy 4908:Golden Madonna of Essen 4497:Woman of the Apocalypse 4140:Apostolic Constitution 4097:Apostolic Constitution 4068:Cinisello Balsamo 2005; 4058:, encyclicals and bulls 4044:Apostolic Constitution 4005:Graber, Rudolf (1954). 3953:Lexikon der Marienkunde 3786:by Gerard Mannion 2008 3766:by Antoine Nachef 2000 3642:(Brescia, 1978), p. 489 3194:Graber, Rudolf (1954). 2819:Lexikon der Marienkunde 2685:Mariology of the saints 2383:In the 1987 encyclical 1876:, which summarizes his 1705:in 1987. Set for 1954, 1593:In the 1943 encyclical 1538:issued March 22, 1918. 1075:Pius IX dogmatized the 881:On September 17, 1569, 838:Popular views like the 807:), the promulgation of 700:issued a record eleven 497:Three Secrets of Fátima 385:Movements and societies 7046:Catholic Charities USA 6680:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 6668:Vatican Polyglot Press 5718:Mariology of the popes 5356:Protestant Reformation 4785:Alma Redemptoris Mater 4734:Our Lady of Navigators 4176:on the Vatican Website 4165:on the Vatican website 4146:on the Vatican Website 4143:Munificentissimus Deus 4135:on the Vatican website 4124:on the Vatican website 4113:on the Vatican website 4085:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 2741:: CS1 maint: others ( 2536:Munificentissimus Deus 2472: 2447: 2436:, John Paul II quoted 2399: 2329: 2319: 2198: 1964: 1894:Munificentissimus Deus 1862:The 1854 dogma of the 1765: 1730: 1661: 1569: 1545: 1517:Second Vatican Council 1335: 1278:Leo XIII declared the 1240: 1226:through Mary to Christ 1086: 973:Our Lady of the Rosary 885:issued the papal bull 671:Mariology of the popes 633:Catholicism portal 7151:Catholic spirituality 6800:Good Shepherd Sisters 6642:Holy See Press Office 5880:Doctors of the Church 5713:Immaculate Conception 5668:Anointing of the Sick 5203:History of the papacy 4970:Theotokos of Vladimir 4399:Presentation of Jesus 4336:Immaculate Conception 4256:Mary, mother of Jesus 4213:True Devotion to Mary 4075:2 Vols. Bologna 2006; 3638:Alberigo, A. and G.: 3063:; John Henry Newman: 2591:Immaculate Conception 2571:1948 Pius XII on the 2539:: it established the 2522:Immaculate Conception 2468: 2442: 2394: 2368:True Devotion to Mary 2325: 2311: 2192: 2068:Mariological research 2041:, October 13, 1958.) 2009:Immaculate Conception 1996:Mariological writings 1946: 1864:Immaculate Conception 1858:Mariology of Pius XII 1782:On October 31, 1942, 1760: 1720: 1656: 1605:Immaculate Conception 1567: 1540: 1522:In his encyclical on 1307: 1238: 1192:Immaculate Conception 1173:First Vatican Council 1153:First Vatican Council 1099:Immaculate Conception 1077:Immaculate Conception 1074: 998:to the whole Church. 961:Immaculate Conception 840:Immaculate Conception 827:in 2007) and in 2018 801:Immaculate Conception 613:Immaculate Conception 549:Key Marian feast days 367:Seven Sorrows of Mary 300:Mary, Mother of Grace 78:Immaculate Conception 6673:L'Osservatore Romano 6611:Role in civilisation 6337:Croatian and Serbian 6085:Episcopal conference 6047:St. Peter's Basilica 5405:Sexual abuse scandal 5361:Catholic Reformation 4211:Montfort, Louis de. 3701:(Paris, 1966), p 160 3579:Ad caeli reginam, 37 3549:Office for Holy Week 3331:The Church at Prayer 3165:This Saint's for You 2600:1954 by Pius XII on 2422:was inspired by St. 2347:L’Osservatore Romano 2315:coat of arms with a 2260:Mother of the Church 2246:, he recommends the 2213:Mother of the Church 1784:Pius XII consecrated 1581:Madonna Della Strada 1280:Virgin of Montserrat 1273:Parte humanae generi 1030:Sodality of Our Lady 833:Mother of the Church 708:invoked the case of 440:Mariological Society 422:Schoenstatt Movement 392:Sodality of Our Lady 347:Consecration to Mary 336:Devotional practices 183:Mother of the Church 130:Devotional practices 7008:Neocatechumenal Way 6973:Charismatic Renewal 6687:Annuario Pontificio 6285:Particular churches 5961:Ecumenical councils 5733:Perpetual virginity 5568:Communitas perfecta 5512:Sermon on the Mount 4952:Madonna del Rosario 4856:Maria mater gratiae 4832:Sub tuum praesidium 4790:Ave Regina caelorum 4744:Our Lady of Victory 4739:Our Lady of Sorrows 4382:Virginal motherhood 4356:Perpetual virginity 4186:Pope John Paul II, 4013:] (in German). 3919:NULL (2016-09-15). 3843:Redemptoris Mater 9 3815:on 24 November 2010 3568:Calendarium Romanum 3202:] (in German). 2841:NULL (2002-10-17). 2579:Ingruentium malorum 2373:Peter Hebblethwaite 2195:Sanctuary of Fátima 2168:Ad Jesum per Mariam 2046:Blessed Virgin Mary 1949:Salus Populi Romani 1848:On May 1, 1948, in 1729:1954 as shown here. 1723:Salus Populi Romani 1677:Sanctuary of Fátima 1632:Anthony Mary Claret 1620:Jeanne de Lestonnac 1585:Salus Populi Romani 1575:was devoted to the 1513:Grignon de Montfort 1489:Mary Queen of Peace 1485:Blessed Virgin Mary 1418:During predecessor 1408:Mater boni consilii 1318:. This image is by 1292:(August 15, 1889). 1079:in 1854. (Murillo, 746:and John Paul II's 721:built his personal 715:papal infallibility 679:Blessed Virgin Mary 310:Sub tuum praesidium 231:(Refuge of Sinners) 229:Refugium Peccatorum 203:Our Lady of Victory 198:Our Lady of Sorrows 7141:Catholic Mariology 6845:Premonstratensians 5228:Ante-Nicene period 5106:Lists of Catholics 4993:Life of the Virgin 4709:Life-giving Spring 4699:Help of Christians 4409:Return to Nazareth 4351:Marriage to Joseph 3152:2010-06-08 at the 3081:Thompson, Thomas. 2667:Catholicism portal 2541:Assumption of Mary 2516:: established the 2330: 2320: 2199: 2075:veneration of Mary 2039:Our Lady of Fatima 2031:Our Lady of Fatima 1965: 1947:Coronation of the 1900:Assumption of Mary 1745:Marian apparitions 1731: 1652:Our Lady of Fátima 1570: 1524:Ephraim the Syrian 1344:rosary encyclicals 1336: 1241: 1188:Assumption of Mary 1087: 984:Pope Benedict XIII 734:Mariological theme 685:apparitions (e.g. 342:Acts of Reparation 7128: 7127: 6538: 6537: 5931: 5754: 5753: 5446: 5423: 5422: 5415:COVID-19 pandemic 5385:French Revolution 5375:Thirty Years' War 5283:Islamic conquests 5196:Apostolic fathers 5131: 5046: 5045: 5010: 5009: 5006: 5005: 4914:The Golden Virgin 4634:Catholic churches 4606: 4605: 4525: 4524: 4404:Flight into Egypt 4394:Nativity of Jesus 4301:Brothers of Jesus 4170:Apostolic Letter 4162:Redemptoris Mater 4153:Pope John Paul II 3882:978-1-57918-355-4 3857:Apostolic Letter 3853:Pope John Paul II 3675:Ecclesiam Suam 58 3300:on March 22. 1922 3270:Schmidlin 179-339 2869:, (April) (1999) 2720:978-0-268-10160-2 2632:Gloriosae Dominae 2624:Apostolic letters 2608:Redemptoris Mater 2602:Queenship of Mary 2464:Pope John Paul II 2460:Pope Benedict XVI 2438:Louis de Montfort 2424:Louis de Montfort 2386:Redemptoris Mater 2334:Pope John Paul II 2327:Pope John Paul II 2105:Louis de Montfort 2023:Queenship of Mary 1975:Queenship of Mary 1961:Queenship of Mary 1928:New Marian feasts 1628:Catherine Labouré 1497:Marian veneration 1264:Louis de Montfort 1253:Pope Benedict XVI 1089:The Mariology of 1035:Gloriosae Dominae 1022:Pope Benedict XIV 937:Louis de Montfort 912:Pope Clement VIII 893:Battle of Lepanto 749:Redemptoris Mater 667: 666: 486: 290:Immaculata prayer 285:Hail Mary of Gold 16:(Redirected from 7163: 7118: 7117: 7108: 7107: 6850:Redemptoristines 6698:Religious orders 6624:Anti-Catholicism 6574:Church buildings 6434:Catholic liturgy 6174:Consecrated life 6032:Apostolic Palace 5999:Synod of Bishops 5935: 5911: 5517:Ten Commandments 5450: 5432: 5333:Age of Discovery 5167:Great Commission 5135: 5119: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5050: 5034: 5022: 5021: 4886: 4871:Three Hail Marys 4827:Ave maris stella 4704:Immaculate Heart 4615: 4536: 4424:Passion of Jesus 4323: 4313: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4226: 4197:Baker, Kenneth. 4121:Ad Caeli Reginam 4100:Ineffabilis Deus 4047:Ineffabilis Deus 4022: 4021:: Echter-Verlag. 4001: 3999: 3997: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3899:America Magazine 3891: 3885: 3871: 3862: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3811:. Archived from 3801: 3795: 3781: 3775: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3746: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3699:Bilan du concile 3695: 3689: 3682: 3676: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3621: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3541: 3538: 3532: 3529:Auspicia quaedam 3526: 3520: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3362: 3348: 3342: 3328: 3322: 3309:Smit, Jan Olav. 3307: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3280: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3210:: Echter-Verlag. 3191: 3176: 3162: 3156: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3129: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3078: 3072: 3057: 3051: 3048:Litany of Loreto 3044: 3038: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3015: 2984: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2895: 2884: 2878: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2853: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2813: 2792: 2791: 2777: 2768: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2740: 2732: 2705: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2615:Auspicia quaedam 2597:Ad Caeli Reginam 2513:Ineffabilis Deus 2405:apostolic letter 2356:Cross in Calvary 2250:in light of the 2141:Gabriel Roschini 2079:Gabriel Roschini 2061:Ad Caeli Reginam 2018:Ad Caeli Reginam 1970:Ad Caeli Reginam 1873:Mystici corporis 1851:Auspicia quaedam 1673:Cardinal Masella 1648:Pope Benedict XV 1596:Mystici corporis 1536:Inter Soldalica, 1532:Apostolic Letter 1493:Litany of Loreto 1466:Pope Benedict XV 1413:Litany of Loreto 1320:Pasquale Sarullo 1316:Litany of Loreto 1289:Quamquam pluries 1284:Miraculous Medal 1047:Pope Clement XIV 1011:Litany of Loreto 1007:Pope Clement XII 852:Council of Trent 659: 652: 645: 631: 630: 616: 608: 600: 592: 584: 576: 568: 560: 524:Miraculous Medal 479: 372:Three Hail Marys 320: 319: 94: 92: 89: 74: 44: 37: 21: 7171: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7131: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7102: 7094: 7073: 7056:Relief Services 7022: 6968:Catholic Action 6958:Military orders 6895:Confraternities 6887:of the faithful 6886: 6879: 6701: 6692: 6628: 6534: 6428: 6287: 6279: 6212:Prior, Prioress 6168: 6061: 6057:Vatican Museums 6008: 5941: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5829: 5783:Social teaching 5750: 5689: 5634: 5589:One true church 5553: 5530:Sixtine Vulgate 5526:Official Bible 5440: 5436: 5431: 5419: 5337: 5269: 5214: 5184:Petrine primacy 5127: 5123: 5118: 5110: 5082: 5080:Catholic Church 5077: 5047: 5042: 5002: 4981: 4934: 4925:Queen of Heaven 4875: 4763: 4749:Star of the Sea 4675: 4602: 4586: 4521: 4503: 4450: 4362: 4314: 4305: 4258: 4253: 4004: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3971:Scheffczyk, Leo 3968: 3959: 3957: 3949: 3943: 3938: 3929: 3927: 3925:ZENIT - English 3918: 3917: 3913: 3904: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3872: 3865: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3827: 3818: 3816: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3762: 3758: 3754:Christi Matri 8 3753: 3749: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3697:Laurentin, R., 3696: 3692: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3652:Lettere 1958-63 3650: 3646: 3637: 3633: 3622: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3438:Pope Pius XII, 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3388: 3384: 3377:Pius XII, Enc. 3376: 3369: 3360: 3358: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3329: 3325: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3232: 3219: 3215: 3193: 3192: 3179: 3163: 3159: 3154:Wayback Machine 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3091: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3058: 3054: 3045: 3041: 3036:Wayback Machine 3027: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2989:Scheffczyk, Leo 2986: 2985: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2906: 2902: 2893: 2891: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2865:Butler, Alban, 2864: 2860: 2851: 2849: 2847:ZENIT - English 2840: 2839: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2815: 2814: 2795: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2754: 2750: 2733: 2721: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2665: 2658: 2655: 2639:Marialis Cultus 2506:Dominici gregis 2494: 2488: 2477: 2457: 2452: 2428:Marian devotion 2344:. According to 2306: 2273:Marialis Cultus 2227:The encyclical 2187: 2164: 2070: 1998: 1930: 1896: 1890: 1860: 1780: 1774: 1733:The encyclical 1715: 1689: 1640: 1607:promulgated by 1573:Eugenio Pacelli 1562: 1550: 1509:minor basilicas 1463: 1450:Word made Flesh 1437: 1432: 1388: 1302: 1218: 1212: 1169: 1145: 1069: 1064: 1044: 1019: 1004: 981: 957:Pope Clement XI 954: 949: 930: 917:Dominici gregis 909: 879: 871:Pope Clement IV 868: 863: 758: 704:on the rosary, 663: 625: 620: 619: 611: 603: 595: 587: 579: 571: 563: 555: 551: 541: 540: 482: 475: 465: 464: 417:Marist Brothers 387: 377: 376: 352:First Saturdays 337: 329: 328: 260: 246: 245: 241:Virgin of Mercy 236:Untier of Knots 223:Queen of Poland 213:Queen of Heaven 173:(Mother of God) 165: 155: 154: 105: 95: 90: 85: 64:Catholic Church 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7169: 7167: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7133: 7132: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7112: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7074: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 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6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6367:Italo-Albanian 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6238: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6221: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6185: 6178: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6076: 6074: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6037:Lateran Treaty 6034: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5963: 5958: 5949: 5947: 5932: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5839: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5798: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5773:Moral theology 5770: 5764: 5762: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5699: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5675: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5644: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5603: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5563: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5537: 5532: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5467: 5456: 5454: 5447: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5358: 5347: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5288:Pope Gregory I 5285: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5260:Biblical canon 5257: 5255:Late antiquity 5252: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5191:Church fathers 5188: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5143: 5141: 5132: 5125:Ecclesiastical 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5041: 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3007: 2999:Marian Lexicon 2942: 2933: 2924: 2900: 2879: 2858: 2833: 2793: 2769: 2748: 2719: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2642: 2635: 2620: 2619: 2611: 2604: 2593: 2586:Fulgens corona 2582: 2575: 2564: 2549: 2548: 2532: 2525: 2509: 2490:Main article: 2487: 2484: 2476: 2473: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2401: 2400: 2305: 2302: 2256:Queen of Peace 2217:René Laurentin 2206:Ecclesiam Suam 2186: 2183: 2163: 2160: 2133: 2132: 2122: 2112: 2109:Madre e Regina 2098: 2069: 2066: 2055:Fulgens corona 2004:Fulgens corona 1997: 1994: 1929: 1926: 1912: 1911: 1892:Main article: 1889: 1886: 1859: 1856: 1843:Sacro Vergente 1824:Queen of Peace 1773: 1770: 1714: 1711: 1694:Fulgens corona 1688: 1685: 1644:Sistine Chapel 1639: 1636: 1561: 1558: 1549: 1546: 1495:. He promoted 1462: 1459: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1422:'s reign, the 1387: 1384: 1376:Thomas Aquinas 1363:Jucunda Semper 1301: 1298: 1211: 1208: 1168: 1165: 1144: 1141: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1043: 1040: 1032:with the bull 1018: 1015: 1003: 1000: 980: 977: 953: 950: 948: 945: 939:(canonized by 933:Pope Clement X 929: 926: 908: 905: 878: 875: 867: 864: 862: 859: 848:Pope Clement X 821:Marian shrines 757: 754: 665: 664: 662: 661: 654: 647: 639: 636: 635: 622: 621: 618: 617: 609: 601: 599:(12 September) 593: 585: 577: 569: 561: 552: 547: 546: 543: 542: 539: 538: 537: 536: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 500: 499: 488: 487: 476: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 429: 427:Legion of Mary 424: 419: 414: 412:Marist Fathers 409: 404: 399: 394: 388: 383: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 338: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 313: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 270:Fátima prayers 267: 261: 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 243: 238: 233: 225: 220: 218:Queen of Peace 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 166: 163:Titles of Mary 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 106: 101: 100: 97: 96: 75: 67: 66: 55: 54: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7168: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7121: 7113: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7051:Home Missions 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6944:Saint Francis 6942: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6927:Saint Dominic 6925: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6740:Bethlehemites 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6662:Vatican Radio 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6647:Vatican Media 6645: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944:List of popes 5940: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5728:Mother of God 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5613:People of God 5611: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5602: 5601:Infallibility 5599: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5477:Body and soul 5475: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5380:Enlightenment 5378: 5376: 5373: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5351:Protestantism 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328:Scholasticism 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5313:Schism (1378) 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5298:Schism (1054) 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5062: 5060: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5039: 5038: 5037:Saints Portal 5033: 5029: 5027: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5013: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4946:Agiosoritissa 4944: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4903:Black Madonna 4901: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4718:of all graces 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4365: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4245: 4243: 4238: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4220:1-59330-470-6 4217: 4214: 4210: 4208: 4207:0-89870-019-1 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4133: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4111: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4056:Pope Pius XII 4054: 4050: 4049: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4003: 3992: 3990:9783880968912 3986: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3976:Marienlexikon 3972: 3967: 3955: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3912: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3829: 3826: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3792:0-8146-5309-X 3789: 3785: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3772:1-58051-077-9 3769: 3765: 3760: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3743:1-59884-129-7 3740: 3736: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3597:AAS 1954, 625 3594: 3591: 3588:AAS 1953, 577 3585: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3561: 3558:AAS 1950, 753 3555: 3552: 3546: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3432: 3429:AAS 1951, 780 3426: 3423: 3420:AAS 1946 246. 3417: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3357: 3356:w2.vatican.va 3353: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3339:0-8146-1366-7 3336: 3332: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3261:AAS 1916, 146 3258: 3255: 3252:AAS 1921, 345 3249: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3226:0-87973-910-X 3223: 3217: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3173:1-59474-184-0 3170: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3120: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3088: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3010: 3008:9783880968912 3004: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2994:Marienlexikon 2990: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2916:1-177-70694-6 2913: 2909: 2904: 2901: 2890: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2875:0-86012-253-0 2872: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2834: 2821: 2820: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2765:0-85244-651-9 2762: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2625: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2561:Ad diem illum 2558: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2546: 2545:Pope Pius XII 2542: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2529:Bis saeculari 2526: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2243:Christi Matri 2240: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2146: 2145:Pope Pius XII 2142: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1962: 1958: 1957:Pope Pius XII 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1922:Mother of God 1919: 1918: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1895: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:Pope Pius XII 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1568:Pope Pius XII 1566: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1547: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Co-Redemptrix 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1445:Ad diem illum 1441: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1349:Octobri Mense 1345: 1341: 1333: 1329: 1326:, near Rome. 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1306: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1239:Pope Leo XIII 1237: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222:Pope Leo XIII 1217: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1131:Pope Pius XII 1128: 1123: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1001: 999: 997: 993: 989: 985: 979:Benedict XIII 978: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 951: 946: 944: 942: 941:Pope Pius XII 938: 934: 927: 925: 923: 919: 918: 913: 906: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 889: 884: 876: 874: 872: 865: 860: 858: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 819:), visits to 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 795:and with two 794: 790: 786: 782: 777: 775: 771: 767: 763: 755: 753: 751: 750: 745: 744: 739: 735: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 713: 712: 707: 703: 699: 694: 692: 688: 682: 680: 676: 672: 660: 655: 653: 648: 646: 641: 640: 638: 637: 634: 629: 624: 623: 614: 610: 607:(21 November) 606: 602: 598: 594: 591:(8 September) 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557:Mother of God 554: 553: 550: 545: 544: 535: 534:Dowry of Mary 532: 531: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 498: 495: 494: 493: 490: 489: 484: 478: 477: 474: 469: 468: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 386: 381: 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5624:Subsistit in 5622: 5618:Three states 5605: 5566: 5559:Ecclesiology 5541:Nova Vulgata 5539: 5497:Original sin 5492:Nicene Creed 5482:Divine grace 5441: 5323:Universities 5293:Papal States 5220:Great Church 5162:Resurrection 5139:Early Church 5035: 5023: 4950: 4930:Stabat Mater 4912: 4800:Regina caeli 4795:Salve Regina 4694:Coredemptrix 4689:Christotokos 4649:month of May 4562: 4458:: later life 4439:Resurrection 4377:Annunciation 4346:Presentation 4329:: early life 4212: 4198: 4188: 4187: 4172: 4171: 4161: 4160: 4142: 4141: 4131: 4130: 4120: 4119: 4109: 4108: 4099: 4098: 4091:Pope Pius IX 4072: 4065: 4046: 4045: 4038:Pope Pius IX 4010: 4006: 3994:. 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F. Pustet 2822:. F. 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In the 1474:mediatrix 1411:" in the 1386:Scapulars 1342:. 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