3723:
36:
2023:. The forms of transitive and intransitive verbs remain the same if the two verbs share the same root. The difference between transitive and intransitive is only evident in the way each verb is used: if the verb takes an object then it is transitive, if it does not then it is intransitive. This distinction determines which case the nouns will take:
2063:. These are the present-future stem, the past stem and the imperative stem. Many verbs, however, only have one stem when spoken, remaining distinct only in writing, meaning that inflection is based mainly on the use of verbal auxiliaries. The verb is inflected by means of attaching suffixes to the verb stem in a similar way to nouns and pronouns.
1925:
The demonstratives can be used as both pronouns and adjectives. As pronouns they act much in the same way as the third person pronouns do, but may also refer to previous clauses or events. As adjectives they appear after the noun and act as any other adjective would. Both adjectival and pronominal
2966:
is the "assertive" copula. This copula is used with the second and third person pronouns and implies a definite assertion by the speaker. It can usually be translated three ways according to context; "there is/are", giving an existential sense, "to be at", giving a certain location (situational
2075:
in the first class are essential, meaning that they denote an essential quality of the noun. Copulas in the second class are existential, meaning that they express the existence of a phenomenon or a characteristic and suggests an evaluation by the speaker. The difference between essential and
456:. Particles are attached to entire noun phrases, not to individual nouns. Case suffixes are attached to the noun phrase as a whole, while the actual noun remains unchanged. The form taken by the suffix depends on the final sound of the word to which the suffix is attached.
4360:. " ... contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript, the first printed version of 1883, and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition."—P. of cover./ First edition published in Kye-Lang in Brit. Lahoul by the author, in manuscript, in 1865.
1978:
These two classes are important when conjugating any
Tibetan verb because each class can only use a particular set of suffixes. This means that volitional verbs cannot use the same suffixes as non-volitional verbs and vice versa. For example, the verb form
5170:
2476:
is the "revelatory" copula, meaning that the speaker has only recently become aware of what they are stating. It may be translated as "to be" with the statement preceded by an exclamation such as "Hey!" or "Why!" Its negative form is
3485:
it is associated with the first person but it instead marks possession (I have) and location (I am (at)). It may also be used to express the speaker's opinion of something or an acquaintance with something. Its negative form is
1274:
can be found after all sounds including vowels and <'a>. The <-r> form is rarely used to mark the dative with monosyllabic words except the personal pronouns and demonstrative and interrogative adjectives.
2678:
is the "egophoric" essential copula. It is usually translated as "(I) am" because of its main use with the first person. Like རེད་ <red>, it can be used with adjectives or substantives. Its negative form is
1249:
cases. The dative case marks the indirect object of an action and can be translated as "to". The locative case marks place, with or without movement, or time, and can be translated as "on", "in", "at" or "to".
5135:
5130:
5785:
5160:
4945:
952:, which may be translated as "and" but also as "with", "against" or have no translation at all. When speaking, after the associative suffix is used, a pause is inserted, for example:
3927:
The direct evidential is used for describing what the speaker directly perceived while the inferential marks information that she inferred from something else. For example:
914:
functions. The ergative function occurs with the subject, agent or causer of transitive verbs, the agent of "mental" and "verbal" actions and the perceiver of a sensation.
2150:
is the "assertive" essential copula. It translates as "to be" and represents an objective assertion or affirmation regarding the subject of the sentence. The negative of
5485:
5391:
2164:. The attribute may be an adjective, giving an attributive meaning, or a substantive, giving an equative meaning. The attributive immediately precedes the verb.
5102:
53:
5490:
5904:
5518:
5082:
4510:
5366:
4950:
5067:
4808:
4751:
5748:
4859:
4705:
1943:. The former concerns controllable actions, and the latter non-controllable actions. This difference is comparable to that in English between
933:. It marks direction away from the noun. Like the agentive case, the ablative can also take the ergative role marking the agent of an action.
4628:
4474:
4246:
4164:
7023:
5430:
3924:
The egophoric typically appears in first-person declaratives and second-person questions; the assertive may be used in the other contexts.
100:
4940:
4367:, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 561–566.
72:
5045:
5000:
3299:
in all cases but it differs in a subtle way. It implies that the speaker was a witness to what is being stated. Its negative form is
2048:
5072:
4430:
4411:
4388:
4354:
119:
79:
160:
4985:
7107:
5025:
4269:
A Tibetan–English dictionary, with special reference to the prevailing dialects: To which is added an
English-Tibetan vocabulary
6836:
6635:
5933:
5897:
5862:
5743:
5577:
4718:
4634:
1253:
There are two varieties of the suffix, one of which is dependent on the final sound of the noun and one that is not. The form
86:
7170:
7069:
5958:
5420:
5386:
5195:
4798:
4503:
4115:
1901:, on the other hand, can only express spatial distance. From these demonstrative pronouns the following adverbs are derived:
57:
5948:
5928:
5435:
5236:
3207:
It can also be preceded by a qualifying adjective to form the attributive sense in which it can be translated as "to be".
2092:
5092:
488:
marks possession and is often translated as "of". The form of the genitive suffix depends on the last sound of the noun:
68:
5943:
5836:
5440:
5282:
4921:
3761:. The study of these copulas has contributed substantially to the understanding of evidentiality cross-linguistically.
6265:
6119:
5243:
5035:
4995:
4741:
179:
are never marked and appear after the noun. Demonstratives also come after the noun but these are marked for number.
7130:
6773:
5963:
5890:
5523:
5452:
5445:
5403:
5185:
4970:
4698:
4342:
4263:
6682:
5528:
5462:
4291:. Vol. 7 of Trübner's collection of simplified grammars (2nd ed.). LONDON: Trübner & co. p. 104
46:
7175:
7005:
6811:
6645:
6124:
5315:
5306:
5190:
5180:
4980:
4803:
4756:
4496:
4141:
4871:
4841:
4813:
4592:
6657:
5652:
5165:
136:
3392:
be preceded by a qualifying adjective to form the attributive sense in which it can be translated as "to be."
228:"yak-cow". In human or animate nouns, gender may be indicated through suffixes. These suffixes are generally:
195:
and the surrounding area, but the spelling used reflects classical
Tibetan, not the colloquial pronunciation.
6846:
6182:
6177:
6109:
5980:
5968:
5953:
5819:
5480:
5378:
5231:
5226:
4746:
6926:
6793:
6408:
6285:
6159:
5150:
5109:
4380:
1940:
152:
93:
6869:
5060:
5020:
4928:
1052:
The associative suffix cannot combine with other case or plural markers on the same noun or noun phrase:
7141:
6992:
6640:
6622:
6436:
5813:
5669:
5664:
5641:
5408:
5087:
4975:
4908:
4851:
4691:
4620:
2032:
2024:
1781:
400:
Number is never marked in inanimate nouns or animals. Even human nouns can only take the plural marker
2071:
Tibetan has several verbs that can be translated as "to be" or "to have" which appear in two classes.
6972:
6505:
6431:
6350:
6059:
6044:
5413:
5145:
5050:
4823:
3758:
2072:
7125:
7120:
6727:
6569:
6441:
6017:
5624:
5457:
5155:
5097:
4866:
4403:
4089:
2047:
in the absolutive case. This is the basis for the classification of the
Tibetan language as having
156:
6916:
6859:
6702:
6607:
6373:
6300:
6260:
6245:
6227:
6189:
6039:
5989:
5917:
5800:
5765:
5582:
5552:
5398:
5267:
5210:
5010:
5005:
4990:
4662:
4363:
Naga, Sangye Tandar. (2010). "Some
Reflections on the Mysterious Nature of Tibetan Language" In:
208:
204:
168:
6783:
4347:
A short practical grammar of the
Tibetan language, with special reference to the spoken dialects
4056:
3764:
The table below shows the paradigm of Lhasa
Tibetan verb endings that express tense/aspect and
17:
7115:
7079:
7031:
6806:
6778:
6760:
6740:
6597:
6480:
6426:
6315:
6305:
6250:
6149:
6097:
6049:
6034:
5997:
5775:
5562:
5557:
5140:
5125:
5030:
5015:
4645:
4542:
4531:
4470:
4426:
4407:
4384:
4350:
4242:
4160:
3801:
2096:
2044:
2020:
911:
469:
172:
5882:
7092:
6939:
6877:
6821:
6816:
6768:
6672:
6667:
6592:
6515:
6495:
6470:
6462:
6403:
6378:
6368:
6363:
6280:
6237:
6214:
6204:
6194:
6136:
6074:
5855:
5755:
5706:
5689:
5572:
5506:
5346:
5175:
5077:
5055:
4726:
4667:
4598:
4466:
4462:
4152:
2085:
7087:
7041:
6964:
6954:
6944:
6934:
6826:
6801:
6735:
6712:
6707:
6577:
6543:
6538:
6528:
6523:
6485:
6475:
6448:
6398:
6383:
6358:
6333:
6323:
6295:
6290:
6275:
6222:
6199:
6164:
6144:
6087:
6064:
6054:
6024:
6012:
5770:
5760:
5657:
5296:
5291:
5277:
5040:
4903:
4891:
4785:
4772:
4649:
4603:
4547:
2837:
may, on rare occasions, express an intention or an insistence on the part of the speaker:
2036:
2028:
2016:
942:
694:. Here, the genitive suffix is attached to the verb and is translated as "that" or "who".
691:
473:
465:
449:
433:
7149:
7097:
7046:
6982:
6977:
6911:
6906:
6750:
6662:
6652:
6630:
6587:
6582:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6533:
6500:
6388:
6328:
6270:
6255:
6154:
6082:
6029:
6002:
5871:
5826:
5806:
5732:
5674:
4790:
4672:
4624:
4573:
4307:
Hand-book of colloquial
Tibetan: A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet ...
3840:
4457:
DeLancey, Scott (2018). "Evidentiality in
Tibetic". In Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (ed.).
3722:
183:
are possibly the most complicated part of
Tibetan grammar in terms of morphology. The
7164:
7061:
7051:
7036:
7012:
6949:
6887:
6854:
6745:
6695:
6690:
6612:
6338:
6169:
6114:
6092:
6007:
5780:
5248:
4578:
4552:
4373:
3765:
3754:
2040:
1246:
923:
788:
485:
445:
441:
437:
188:
148:
6831:
6717:
6490:
6393:
6104:
5738:
5694:
5684:
5636:
5631:
5614:
5262:
4933:
4584:
4557:
3900:
3769:
1291:
have between one and three registers and three numbers: singular, dual and plural.
1238:
453:
426:
4267:
4236:
4025:
2967:
sense), or by the verb "to have", giving a possessive sense. Its negative form is
4324:
4305:
4286:
6882:
6602:
5719:
5714:
4536:
1242:
35:
4417:. (Reprint of the Calcutta : Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1902 edition.)
5831:
5619:
5425:
5341:
4916:
4780:
4156:
4485:
ESS:essential ASSERT:assertive REV:revelatory EGO:egophoric TEST:testimonial
6898:
5587:
5301:
4881:
2060:
176:
5257:
4836:
4657:
468:
is the unmarked form of the noun, which may be used as the subject of an
7000:
5913:
5725:
5679:
5594:
4886:
4142:"1 The contribution of Tibetan languages to the study of evidentiality"
1926:
demonstratives are capable of receiving both case and number suffixes.
1288:
184:
144:
2380:
This copula, in rare cases, may also express possession of a quality:
5604:
5253:
5136:
29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)
5131:
13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)
4896:
4120:
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
140:
4488:
862:
or one of the secondary sound suffixes then the genitive suffix is
552:
or one of the secondary sound suffixes then the genitive suffix is
429:, and such a meaning would be left to be deduced from the context.
5790:
5609:
5599:
5472:
5161:
Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)
4714:
3679:
3597:
3533:
3433:
3351:
3247:
3173:
3099:
3017:
1975:
are non-volitional because they do not denote deliberate actions.
1189:
1132:
1072:
997:
973:
192:
4683:
3381:"There are airplanes in Tibet. (I know because I have seen them)"
3292:
is the "testimonial" copula. It is translated in the same way as
1150:
5336:
5331:
4831:
180:
164:
5886:
4687:
4492:
2849:
1967:
are volitional because one can choose to do them or not, while
1939:
There is an important division of verbs into two main classes:
1155:
739:
5567:
3717:
3576:
3463:"This is pretty. (I know because I have seen this for myself)"
3318:
3142:
2986:
717:
29:
4241:(reprint ed.). LONDON: Taylor and Francis. p. 671.
3437:
3355:
1159:
2637:
2577:
2517:
2051:, although the ergative case can also have rhetorical uses.
2027:
verbs are intransitive, and their single argument takes the
1185:
4272:. LONDON: Printed by Unger Brothers (T. Grimm). p. 671
3683:
3601:
3537:
3251:
3177:
3103:
3021:
2887:
2883:
2862:
2801:
2797:
2730:
2726:
2633:
2573:
2513:
2435:
2431:
2350:
2346:
2279:
2275:
2208:
2204:
1193:
4116:"Lhasa Tibetan Evidentials and the Semantics of Causation"
2059:
Verbs in modern spoken Tibetan have between one and three
214:
Natural gender may be conveyed through the lexicon, e.g.
4285:
Heinrich August Jäschke (1883). Heinrich Wenzel (ed.).
3966:"It snowed." (The speaker has actually seen it snowing)
3734:
2015:
Both the volitional and non-volitional classes contain
5186:
Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)
5171:
Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)
4442:
A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language
2076:
existential copulas is similar to that of the verbs
7139:
7106:
7078:
7060:
7021:
6991:
6963:
6925:
6896:
6868:
6845:
6792:
6759:
6726:
6681:
6621:
6567:
6514:
6461:
6419:
6349:
6314:
6236:
6213:
6135:
6073:
5988:
5979:
5705:
5541:
5505:
5471:
5365:
5324:
5209:
5118:
4961:
4765:
4734:
4725:
4644:
4612:
4566:
4524:
4400:
Tibetan–English Dictionary (With Sanskrit Synonyms)
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4372:
2000:is a volitional suffix. The correct form would be
4444:, Santa Barbara, California: Tibetan Text Society
4050:
4048:
4046:
2913:"It's your tea (that I'm intending to give you)."
4140:Hill, Nathan W.; Gawne, Lauren (24 April 2017).
4006:"It snowed." (The speaker has only seen traces)
4371:Tournadre, Nicolas & Dorje, Sangda (2003),
4222:
4210:
5898:
5103:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China
4699:
4504:
4461:. Oxford University Press. pp. 580–594.
187:described here is the colloquial language of
8:
4310:Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and co. p. 372
4057:"The rhetorical use of the Tibetan ergative"
3753:Tibetan copulas function as markers of both
2091:Outlined below is a classification from the
1228:"(they) gave presents to the boys and girls"
5985:
5905:
5891:
5883:
5545:
5511:
5371:
5219:
5215:
4731:
4706:
4692:
4684:
4511:
4497:
4489:
2095:website, principally based on the work of
1846:is connected with the past or the future:
1241:suffix fulfills the functions of both the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4326:Romanized Tibetan and English dictionary
4198:
4186:
4026:"Features: Show: Verbs and Verb Phrases"
3774:
1780:Tibetan has proximal, medial and distal
1293:
432:Tibetan nouns are marked for six cases:
407:if they are specified or definite, e.g.
334:{"man from Kham"} {} {"woman from Kham"}
4149:Evidential Systems of Tibetan Languages
4090:"Copulas - Mandala Collections - Kmaps"
4016:
425:"(the) mothers". Tibetan does not mark
4860:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
910:The agentive is used for ergative and
4941:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule
4467:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.27
4064:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
2922:There are three existential copulas:
2663:"Why, he's mad! (I've just realized)"
1935:Volitional and non-volitional classes
791:is built upon the genitive by adding
7:
5068:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet
4459:The Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality
4423:An Introduction to Classical Tibetan
1867:"this year (present time reference)"
394:{"yak-cow hybrid"} {} {"female dzo"}
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4055:Tournardre, Nicolas (Spring 1991).
3709:"This tea is good (in my opinion)."
2107:There are three essential copulas:
5046:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
5001:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
4319:(Original from Harvard University)
4300:(Original from Harvard University)
4281:(Original from Harvard University)
1832:also have temporal meanings where
1203:་ བུ་མོ་ཚོར་ ལག་རྟགས་ སྦྲུས་པ་ཡོད།
690:The genitive is also used to form
476:or the experiencer of an emotion.
25:
5083:Protests and uprisings since 1950
5073:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet
4338:(Original from Oxford University)
4259:(Original from Oxford University)
2011:Transitive and intransitive verbs
203:Nouns are not usually marked for
5191:70,000 Character Petition (1962)
5181:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)
4323:Heinrich August Jäschke (1866).
3783:Factual/Assertive(non-egophoric)
3721:
3478:is the "egophoric" copula. Like
802:if the last sound is a vowel or
492:if the last sound is a vowel or
34:
5166:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)
4635:Modern Standard Tibetan grammar
3047:"There are airplanes in Tibet."
2035:verbs are transitive, with the
1260:is found only after vowels and
778:"the photo that is in the book"
45:needs additional citations for
18:Modern Standard Tibetan grammar
5421:Patron and priest relationship
5387:Central Tibetan Administration
5196:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy
3282:Existential-testimonial copula
1839:is connected with present and
1048:"father and uncle and aunt..."
69:"Modern Lhasa Tibetan grammar"
1:
5786:Historical and cultural sites
5151:Convention of Calcutta (1890)
2093:Tibetan and Himalayan Library
2049:ergative–absolutive alignment
1993:is a non-volitional verb and
1941:volitional and non-volitional
798:to the latter; consequently:
5126:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)
4349:, London: Hardinge Simpole,
4094:mandala.library.virginia.edu
3468:Existential-egophoric copula
2956:Existential-assertive copula
161:ergative–absolutive language
27:Grammar of standard Tibetian
5146:Treaty of Thapathali (1856)
5036:British expedition to Tibet
5026:Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)
4996:Battle of the Salween River
4030:subjects.kmaps.virginia.edu
3990:
3982:
3974:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3671:
3657:
3646:
3635:
3589:
3571:
3525:
3511:
3500:
3424:
3410:
3399:
3342:
3328:
3313:
3239:
3225:
3214:
3165:
3151:
3137:
3091:
3077:
3066:
3055:
3009:
2995:
2981:
2875:
2858:
2844:
2789:
2775:
2764:
2718:
2704:
2693:
2625:
2611:
2565:
2551:
2505:
2491:
2466:Essential-revelatory copula
2423:
2409:
2398:
2387:
2338:
2324:
2313:
2267:
2253:
2242:
2196:
2182:
2171:
1225:present give-PAST-be:EX-EGO
1180:
1169:
1142:
1123:
1082:
1063:
1007:
987:
963:
789:agentive (or ergative) case
749:
730:
712:
701:
663:
652:
618:
607:
370:
355:
344:
302:
287:
273:
167:are generally unmarked for
155:language. Lhasa Tibetan is
7192:
5519:Postage and postal history
4971:Tibetan attack on Songzhou
4440:Bernard, Theos C. (1946),
4398:Sarat Chandra Das (2000),
4375:Manual of Standard Tibetan
4238:Tibetan–English Dictionary
4223:Tournadre & Dorje 2003
4211:Tournadre & Dorje 2003
2668:Essential-egophoric copula
2140:Essential-assertive copula
1815:"that over there (yonder)"
5924:
5849:
5548:
5514:
5374:
5222:
5218:
4981:Mongol invasions of Tibet
4157:10.1515/9783110473742-001
3913:
3912:
3905:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3830:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3487:
3479:
3472:
3386:
3300:
3293:
3286:
2968:
2960:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2831:
2680:
2672:
2478:
2470:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1870:
1853:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1640:
1575:
1572:
1507:
1442:
1377:
1374:
1309:
1296:
1268:
1261:
1254:
946:
927:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
863:
856:
849:
842:
833:
826:
819:
810:
803:
792:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
553:
546:
539:
532:
523:
516:
509:
500:
493:
415:
408:
401:
255:
248:
239:
232:
222:
215:
5379:Tibet Autonomous Region
5141:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
5093:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
4593:Joyig, Monyig and Lhoyig
4304:Graham Sandberg (1894).
4114:DeLancey, Scott (1985).
2449:mo-rang mig chung-chung
945:is marked by the suffix
926:is always suffixed with
6636:Central Atlas Tamazight
5486:TAR People's Government
5446:Serfs' Emancipation Day
4986:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
4421:Hodge, Stephen (2003),
4343:Heinrich August Jäschke
4264:Heinrich August Jäschke
2603:"No, he isn't a nomad."
5156:Treaty of Lhasa (1904)
5110:Special Frontier Force
4381:Snow Lion Publications
4235:H. A. Jäschke (1881).
3987:
3979:
3971:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3665:
3654:
3643:
3632:
3583:
3568:
3519:
3508:
3497:
3418:
3407:
3396:
3336:
3325:
3310:
3233:
3222:
3211:
3159:
3148:
3134:
3085:
3074:
3063:
3052:
3003:
2992:
2978:
2869:
2855:
2841:
2783:
2772:
2761:
2712:
2701:
2690:
2619:
2608:
2559:
2548:
2499:
2488:
2417:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2364:mo-rang snying-rje-po
2332:
2321:
2310:
2261:
2250:
2239:
2190:
2179:
2168:
1986:would be incorrect as
1782:demonstrative pronouns
1776:Demonstrative pronouns
1214:lag-rtags sbrus-pa-yod
1177:
1166:
1139:
1116:
1079:
1056:
1004:
980:
956:
746:
723:
709:
698:
660:
646:
615:
601:
363:
352:
341:
295:
284:
266:
7171:Sino-Tibetan grammars
5529:Qinghai–Tibet railway
5524:Qinghai-Tibet Highway
5491:TAR People's Congress
5463:India–Tibet relations
5436:Independence movement
5088:1959 Tibetan uprising
4976:Battle of Dafei River
4824:Era of Fragmentation
3894:<gi 'dug / gis>
3117:thub-bstan lags 'dir
3110:ཐུབ་བསྟན་ ལགས་ འདིར་
2461:"She has small eyes."
2442:མོ་རང་ མིག་ ཆུང་ཆུང་
2005:<mthong-pa-red>
1984:<mthong-pa-yin>
1111:"mother and children"
871:if the last sound is
841:if the last sound is
818:if the last sound is
561:if the last sound is
531:if the last sound is
508:if the last sound is
171:, but are marked for
5837:Traditional medicine
5051:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
4872:Relations with Ming
4842:Relations with Song
4814:Relations with Tang
4752:European exploration
4024:Tournadre, Nicolas.
3563:"I have many books."
3375:Tibet-OBL. airplane
3203:"Tsering has a car."
3123:Thubtän mister here
2543:"Hey! It's Thubtän."
2357:མོ་རང་ སྙིང་རྗེ་པོ་
145:grammatical features
54:improve this article
6266:Old Church Slavonic
5481:Regional Government
5458:CIA Tibetan program
5441:Serfdom controversy
5325:Traditional regions
5176:Simla Accord (1914)
5098:2008 Tibetan unrest
4922:List of Qing ambans
4867:Phagmodrupa dynasty
4404:Motilal Banarsidass
3451:'di snying-rje-po '
3041:Tibet-OBL airplane
2918:Existential copulas
2482:<red-mi-'dug>
2305:"He isn't a nomad."
899:then the suffix is
832:then the suffix is
809:then the suffix is
771:book inside-OBL is-
589:then the suffix is
522:then the suffix is
499:then the suffix is
7131:Lingua Franca Nova
6774:Classical Japanese
5795:(ceremonial scarf)
5766:Dzong architecture
5583:Imperial Preceptor
5453:Sovereignty debate
5399:Etymology of Tibet
5011:Lhasa riot of 1750
5006:Jinchuan campaigns
4991:Battle of Dartsedo
4909:Qing dynasty rule
4852:Yuan dynasty rule
4826:(9th–13th century)
3886:<gi yog red>
3793:Direct/Testimonial
3733:. You can help by
3444:འདི་ སྙིང་རྗེ་པོ་
3385:It can also, like
3265:'di snying-rje-po
3258:འདི་ སྙིང་རྗེ་པོ་
3191:tse-ring-la mo-ṭa
3129:"Thubtän is here."
2972:<yod-ma-red>
2234:"This is Thubtän."
2021:intransitive verbs
1888:future reference)"
472:, the object of a
205:grammatical gender
169:grammatical number
7158:
7157:
6812:Classical Chinese
6457:
6456:
5918:world's languages
5880:
5879:
5845:
5844:
5537:
5536:
5501:
5500:
5404:Foreign relations
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5205:
5204:
5061:Qinghai–Tibet War
5031:Sikkim expedition
5021:Dogra–Tibetan War
5016:Sino-Nepalese War
4951:political leaders
4929:Post-Qing to 1950
4882:Rinpungpa dynasty
4793:(7th–9th century)
4681:
4680:
4646:Tibetic languages
4629:THL Transcription
4543:Classical Tibetan
4532:Tibetic languages
4476:978-0-19-875951-5
4365:The Tibet Journal
4248:978-0-7100-1601-0
4166:978-3-11-047374-2
3922:
3921:
3751:
3750:
3369:bod-la gnam-gru '
3277:"This is pretty."
2901:khyed-rang-gi ja
2474:<red-bzhag>
2301:not-be:ESS-ASSERT
2125:<red-bzhag>
2103:Essential copulae
2097:Nicolas Tournadre
1884:"that year (past
1773:
1772:
1284:Personal pronouns
470:intransitive verb
309:"woman from Kham"
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
7183:
7176:Tibetan language
6827:Mandarin Chinese
6658:Levantine Arabic
5986:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5884:
5865:
5858:
5796:
5573:Tibetan Buddhism
5546:
5512:
5382:
5372:
5220:
5216:
5078:Battle of Chamdo
5056:Sino-Tibetan War
4912:
4875:
4855:
4845:
4827:
4817:
4804:List of emperors
4794:
4776:
4757:Historical money
4732:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4685:
4581:(Drutsa, Bêtsug)
4574:Tibetan alphabet
4519:Tibetan language
4513:
4506:
4499:
4490:
4480:
4445:
4435:
4425:, Orchid Press,
4416:
4393:
4378:
4359:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4146:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4061:
4052:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4021:
3915:
3907:
3892:
3891:གི་་འདུག་ ~ གིས་
3884:
3876:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3775:
3746:
3743:
3725:
3718:
3690:ཇ་ འདི་ ཞིམ་པོ་
3685:
3681:
3627:"I am in China."
3603:
3599:
3578:
3539:
3535:
3489:
3481:
3474:
3439:
3435:
3388:
3362:བོད་ལ་ གནམ་གྲུ་
3357:
3353:
3320:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3253:
3249:
3197:Tsering-OBL car
3184:ཚེ་རིང་ལ་ མོ་ཊ་
3179:
3175:
3144:
3105:
3101:
3035:bod-la gnam-gru
3028:བོད་ལ་ གནམ་གྲུ་
3023:
3019:
2988:
2970:
2962:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2907:you:GEN HON-tea
2889:
2885:
2864:
2851:
2833:
2803:
2799:
2732:
2728:
2682:
2674:
2639:
2635:
2579:
2575:
2519:
2515:
2480:
2472:
2437:
2433:
2352:
2348:
2281:
2277:
2210:
2206:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2086:Spanish language
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1876:
1859:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1791:
1680:kho-(rang)-gnyis
1673:kho-(rang)-gnyis
1479:khyed-rang-gnyis
1472:khyed-rang-gnyis
1294:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1134:
1074:
999:
975:
948:
943:associative case
937:Associative case
929:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
865:
858:
851:
844:
835:
828:
821:
812:
805:
794:
764:deb nang-la yod-
741:
719:
692:relative clauses
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
555:
548:
541:
534:
525:
518:
511:
502:
495:
417:
410:
403:
348:"yak-cow hybrid"
257:
250:
241:
234:
224:
217:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7154:
7135:
7102:
7074:
7056:
7024:Native American
7017:
6987:
6959:
6921:
6892:
6864:
6841:
6788:
6755:
6722:
6677:
6617:
6563:
6510:
6453:
6415:
6345:
6310:
6232:
6209:
6131:
6110:Scottish Gaelic
6069:
5975:
5920:
5911:
5881:
5876:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5841:
5794:
5701:
5533:
5497:
5467:
5380:
5353:
5320:
5297:Tibetan Plateau
5292:Rongbuk Glacier
5278:Yarlung Tsangpo
5201:
5114:
5041:Batang uprising
4963:
4957:
4910:
4904:Khoshut Khanate
4892:Ganden Phodrang
4887:Tsangpa dynasty
4873:
4853:
4843:
4825:
4815:
4792:
4786:Yarlung dynasty
4774:
4761:
4721:
4712:
4682:
4677:
4650:Tibetan plateau
4640:
4619:Transcription:
4608:
4562:
4520:
4517:
4487:
4477:
4456:
4453:
4451:Further reading
4448:
4439:
4433:
4420:
4414:
4397:
4391:
4370:
4357:
4341:
4332:
4330:
4322:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4294:
4292:
4288:Tibetan grammar
4284:
4275:
4273:
4262:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4071:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3995:
3985:
3977:
3968:
3955:
3945:
3937:
3857:<yog red>
3747:
3741:
3738:
3731:needs expansion
3716:
3711:
3703:tea this tasty
3697:ja 'di zhim-po
3688:
3663:
3652:
3641:
3629:
3606:
3581:
3565:
3542:
3517:
3506:
3470:
3465:
3442:
3416:
3405:
3390:<yod-red>
3383:
3360:
3334:
3323:
3304:<mi-'dug>
3297:<yod-red>
3284:
3279:
3256:
3231:
3220:
3205:
3182:
3157:
3146:
3131:
3108:
3083:
3072:
3061:
3049:
3026:
3001:
2990:
2964:<yod-red>
2958:
2930:<yod-red>
2920:
2915:
2894:ཁྱེད་རང་གི་ ཇ་
2892:
2867:
2853:
2829:
2806:
2781:
2770:
2758:
2756:"I am a nomad."
2735:
2710:
2699:
2670:
2665:
2642:
2617:
2605:
2582:
2557:
2545:
2522:
2497:
2468:
2463:
2440:
2415:
2404:
2393:
2378:
2376:"She's pretty."
2355:
2330:
2319:
2307:
2293:khong 'brog-pa
2284:
2259:
2248:
2236:
2222:'di thub-bstan
2215:འདི་ ཐུབ་བསྟན་
2213:
2188:
2177:
2142:
2105:
2069:
2057:
2055:Verb inflection
2029:absolutive case
2013:
1937:
1932:
1920:<pha-gir>
1891:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1749:
1745:mo-(rang)-gnyis
1740:
1738:mo-(rang)-gnyis
1729:
1720:
1704:
1700:kho-(rang)-tsho
1695:
1693:kho-(rang)-tsho
1684:
1675:
1664:
1655:
1636:
1627:
1616:
1607:
1596:
1587:
1568:
1559:
1548:
1539:
1528:
1519:
1503:
1499:khyed-rang-tsho
1494:
1492:khyed-rang-tsho
1483:
1474:
1463:
1454:
1438:
1429:
1418:
1409:
1398:
1389:
1370:
1361:
1350:
1341:
1330:
1321:
1286:
1281:
1235:
1230:
1197:
1175:
1164:
1137:
1113:
1088:
1077:
1050:
1013:
1002:
978:
939:
920:
785:
780:
757:དེབ་ ནང་ལ་ ཡོད་
755:
744:
721:
707:
688:
666:
658:
643:
621:
613:
482:
474:transitive verb
466:absolutive case
462:
460:Absolutive case
398:
379:
361:
350:
338:
311:
293:
282:
280:"man from Kham"
201:
133:Tibetan grammar
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7189:
7187:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7163:
7162:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7146:
7144:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7112:
7110:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7084:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7028:
7026:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7009:
7008:
6997:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6931:
6929:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6874:
6872:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6857:
6851:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6798:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6732:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6687:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6649:
6648:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6574:
6572:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6331:
6326:
6320:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6286:Serbo-Croatian
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6242:
6240:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6160:Istro-Romanian
6157:
6152:
6147:
6141:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6090:
6085:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5992:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5936:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5887:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5867:
5866:
5859:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5810:
5798:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5744:wall paintings
5741:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5711:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5675:Tibetan people
5672:
5670:Social classes
5667:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5617:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5570:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5515:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5483:
5477:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5406:
5401:
5396:
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5384:
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5369:
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5359:
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5350:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5307:Nature Reserve
5294:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5251:
5241:
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5213:
5207:
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5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
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5112:
5107:
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5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
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5075:
5070:
5065:
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5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4946:PRC annexation
4938:
4937:
4936:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4839:
4834:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4747:List of rulers
4744:
4738:
4736:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4688:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4631:
4625:Tibetan pinyin
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4475:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4437:
4431:
4418:
4412:
4395:
4389:
4368:
4361:
4355:
4345:(March 2004),
4339:
4320:
4301:
4282:
4260:
4247:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:, p. 168.
4215:
4213:, p. 167.
4203:
4201:, p. 582.
4191:
4189:, p. 587.
4179:
4165:
4132:
4106:
4081:
4042:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4009:
3997:གངས་ བཏང་ བཞག།
3986:
3978:
3970:
3969:
3957:གངས་ བཏང་ སོང།
3946:
3938:
3930:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:<gi red>
3911:
3909:<gi yin>
3903:
3897:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3878:<gi yod>
3872:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3818:<pa red>
3812:
3810:<pa yin>
3804:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3749:
3748:
3728:
3726:
3715:
3712:
3664:
3653:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3582:
3567:
3566:
3518:
3507:
3496:
3495:
3469:
3466:
3417:
3406:
3395:
3394:
3335:
3324:
3309:
3308:
3283:
3280:
3232:
3221:
3210:
3209:
3158:
3147:
3133:
3132:
3084:
3073:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3002:
2991:
2977:
2976:
2957:
2954:
2919:
2916:
2868:
2854:
2840:
2839:
2782:
2771:
2760:
2759:
2711:
2700:
2689:
2688:
2669:
2666:
2618:
2607:
2606:
2599:not-be:ESS-REV
2558:
2547:
2546:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2467:
2464:
2455:she eye small
2416:
2405:
2394:
2383:
2382:
2331:
2320:
2309:
2308:
2286:ཁོང་ འབྲོག་པ་
2260:
2249:
2238:
2237:
2189:
2178:
2167:
2166:
2162:<ma-red>
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2104:
2101:
2068:
2065:
2056:
2053:
2012:
2009:
1998:<pa-yin>
1991:<mthong>
1951:, and between
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1922:"over there".
1899:<pha-gi>
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1868:
1850:
1817:
1816:
1813:<pha-gi>
1806:
1796:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1765:mo-(rang)-tsho
1758:mo-(rang)-tsho
1753:
1752:
1750:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1234:
1231:
1176:
1165:
1138:
1115:
1114:
1078:
1055:
1054:
1003:
979:
955:
954:
938:
935:
919:
916:
908:
907:
869:
839:
816:
784:
781:
745:
722:
708:
697:
696:
659:
645:
644:
614:
600:
599:
598:
597:
559:
529:
506:
481:
478:
461:
458:
362:
351:
340:
339:
294:
283:
265:
264:
263:
262:
246:
221:"yak (male)",
200:
199:Nouns and case
197:
135:describes the
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7188:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7138:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7020:
7014:
7011:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
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6933:
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6928:
6924:
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6913:
6910:
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6904:
6902:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6847:Austroasiatic
6844:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6566:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:Indo-European
5978:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:Orthographies
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5903:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5852:
5848:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4960:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4709:
4704:
4702:
4697:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4432:974-524-039-7
4428:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4413:81-208-1713-3
4409:
4405:
4401:
4396:
4392:
4390:1-55939-189-8
4386:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4356:1-84382-077-3
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4329:. p. 158
4328:
4327:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4302:
4290:
4289:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4199:DeLancey 2018
4195:
4192:
4188:
4187:DeLancey 2018
4183:
4180:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4133:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4107:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4031:
4027:
4020:
4017:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3871:Imperfective
3870:
3869:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:evidentiality
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:evidentiality
3745:
3736:
3732:
3729:This section
3727:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3714:Evidentiality
3713:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3477:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3411:snying-rje-po
3409:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3226:snying-rje-po
3224:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2845:khyed-rang-gi
2843:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2744:nga 'brog-pa
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2677:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2475:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:be:ESS-ASSERT
2453:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:be:ESS-ASSERT
2368:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2325:snying-rje-po
2323:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:be:ESS-ASSERT
2228:this Thubtän
2226:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2119:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:ergative case
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1915:"there", and
1914:
1907:
1900:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:མོ་(རང་)གཉིས་
1739:
1736:
1735:མོ་(རང་)གཉིས་
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:ཁོ་(རང་)གཉིས་
1674:
1671:
1670:ཁོ་(རང་)གཉིས་
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:ཁྱེད་རང་གཉིས་
1473:
1470:
1469:ཁྱེད་རང་གཉིས་
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1001:
1000:
993:
991:
986:
984:
977:
976:
969:
967:
962:
960:
953:
951:
944:
936:
934:
932:
925:
924:ablative case
918:Ablative case
917:
915:
913:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
870:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
838:
831:
824:
817:
815:
808:
801:
800:
799:
797:
790:
787:Formally the
783:Agentive case
782:
779:
776:
774:
769:
767:
762:
760:
754:
751:
748:
743:
742:
735:
734:
729:
727:
720:
714:
711:
706:
703:
700:
695:
693:
687:
685:
680:
678:
673:
671:
665:
662:
657:
656:
651:
650:
642:
640:
635:
633:
628:
626:
620:
617:
612:
611:
606:
605:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
558:
551:
544:
537:
530:
528:
521:
514:
507:
505:
498:
491:
490:
489:
487:
486:genitive case
480:Genitive case
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
459:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
422:
413:
406:
397:
395:
392:
391:
388:mdzo {} mdzo-
386:
384:
378:
375:
374:
369:
367:
360:
357:
354:
349:
346:
343:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
310:
307:
306:
301:
299:
292:
289:
286:
281:
278:
277:
272:
270:
260:
253:
247:
244:
237:
231:
230:
229:
227:
220:
212:
210:
206:
198:
196:
194:
191:, especially
190:
189:Central Tibet
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:typologically
154:
150:
149:Lhasa Tibetan
146:
142:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6973:Massachusett
6927:Austronesian
6794:Sino-Tibetan
6060:West Frisian
5959:Prepositions
5938:
5812:
5805:
5791:
5739:sand mandala
5731:
5724:
5665:Sinicization
5637:Panchen Lama
5632:Lhamo La-tso
5615:Ganden Tripa
5409:Human rights
5283:Grand Canyon
5263:Namcha Barwa
5256: /
4934:Tibetan Army
4832:Guge kingdom
4484:
4458:
4441:
4422:
4399:
4379:, New York:
4374:
4364:
4346:
4331:. Retrieved
4325:
4312:. Retrieved
4306:
4293:. Retrieved
4287:
4274:. Retrieved
4268:
4252:. Retrieved
4237:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4170:. Retrieved
4148:
4135:
4123:. Retrieved
4119:
4109:
4097:. Retrieved
4093:
4084:
4072:. Retrieved
4067:
4063:
4033:. Retrieved
4029:
4019:
4005:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3991:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3926:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3865:<'dug>
3864:
3856:
3848:
3834:<zhag>
3833:
3826:<song>
3825:
3817:
3809:
3796:Inferential
3770:egophoricity
3763:
3752:
3739:
3735:adding to it
3730:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3649:
3638:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:rgya-nag-la
3614:
3609:
3607:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3574:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:deb mang-po
3550:
3545:
3544:དེབ་ མང་པོ་
3543:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3503:
3490:
3482:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3457:this pretty
3456:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3408:སྙིང་རྗེ་པོ་
3402:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3331:
3316:
3303:
3296:
3290:<'dug>
3289:
3285:
3276:
3273:be:EX-ASSERT
3272:
3271:this pretty
3270:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3223:སྙིང་རྗེ་པོ་
3217:
3206:
3202:
3199:be:EX-ASSERT
3198:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3140:
3128:
3125:be:EX-ASSERT
3124:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3069:
3058:
3046:
3043:be:EX-ASSERT
3042:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2984:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2943:
2940:<'dug>
2939:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2861:
2847:
2834:
2830:
2827:"I am fine."
2826:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2767:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2737:ང་ འབྲོག་པ་
2736:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2696:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2481:
2479:རེད་མི་འདུག་
2473:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2401:
2390:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2322:སྙིང་རྗེ་པོ་
2316:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2174:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2090:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2058:
2014:
2007:or "I saw."
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1930:Verb classes
1924:
1919:
1912:
1906:<'dir>
1905:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
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1812:
1802:
1792:
1779:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1747:
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1741:
1737:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1702:
1699:
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1689:
1682:
1679:
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1672:
1669:
1662:
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1634:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1556:
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1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1501:
1498:
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1491:
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1478:
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1471:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1455:
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1436:
1433:
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1426:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1410:
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1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
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1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1287:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1236:
1233:Oblique case
1227:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1181:sbrus-pa-yod
1178:སྦྲུས་པ་ཡོད།
1172:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1094:་ སྤུ་གུ་ཚོ།
1091:
1089:
1085:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
996:
994:
989:
982:
972:
970:
965:
958:
950:<dang>
949:
940:
930:
921:
912:instrumental
909:
904:<gyis>
903:
896:
889:
882:
875:
867:<kyis>
866:
859:
852:
845:
836:
829:
822:
813:
806:
795:
786:
777:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
752:
738:
736:
732:
725:
715:
704:
689:
683:
681:
676:
674:
669:
667:
654:
648:
638:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
609:
603:
593:
586:
579:
572:
565:
556:
549:
542:
535:
526:
519:
512:
503:
496:
483:
463:
431:
427:definiteness
420:
418:
412:<a-ma>
411:
405:<tsho>
404:
399:
396:
393:
389:
387:
382:
380:
377:"female dzo"
376:
372:
365:
358:
347:
336:
333:
329:
325:
323:
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
297:
290:
279:
275:
268:
258:
251:
242:
235:
226:<'bri>
225:
219:<gyag>
218:
213:
202:
153:Sino-Tibetan
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
7142:constructed
7126:Interlingue
7121:Interlingua
6993:Uto-Aztecan
6683:Niger–Congo
6623:Afroasiatic
5949:Determiners
5929:Phonologies
5749:wall murals
5653:Catholicism
5237:Environment
4911:(1720–1912)
4874:(1368–1644)
4854:(1270–1350)
4775:(Neolithic)
4773:Prehistory
4537:Old Tibetan
4070:(1): 93–107
4000:gang btang
3960:gang btang
3883:གི་ཡོག་རེད་
3849:<yod>
3786:Evidential
3621:China-OBL.
3572:rgya-nag-la
3491:<med>
3483:<yin>
3476:<yod>
3138:tse-ring-la
2950:<yod>
2934:testimonial
2842:ཁྱེད་རང་གི་
2835:<yin>
2815:nga bde-po
2808:ང་ བདེ་པོ་
2684:<min>
2676:<yin>
2593:red-mi-'dug
2586:རེད་མི་འདུག
2567:red-mi-'dug
2561:རེད་མི་འདུག
2531:thub-bstan
2410:chung-chung
2370:she pretty
2155:<red>
2148:<red>
2134:<yin>
2120:revelatory
2116:<red>
2019:as well as
2002:མཐོང་པ་རེད་
1981:མཐོང་པ་ཡིན་
1913:<der>
1837:<'di>
1823:<'di>
1793:<'di>
1762:མོ་(རང་)ཚོ་
1755:མོ་(རང་)ཚོ་
1697:ཁོ་(རང་)ཚོ་
1690:ཁོ་(རང་)ཚོ་
1612:khong-gnyis
1605:khong-gnyis
1573:3rd person
1544:khyod-gnyis
1537:khyod-gnyis
1508:pejorative
1496:ཁྱེད་རང་ཚོ་
1489:ཁྱེད་རང་ཚོ་
1375:2nd person
1310:1st person
1272:<-la>
1101:spu-gu-tsho
1083:spu-gu-tsho
931:<nas>
837:<gis>
830:<-ng>
594:<gyi>
557:<kyi>
520:<-ng>
450:associative
414:"mother" →
381:མཛོ་ → མཛོ་
7165:Categories
6899:East Asian
6860:Vietnamese
6646:Historical
6608:Mingrelian
6374:Hindustani
6351:Indo-Aryan
6301:Slovincian
6261:Macedonian
6246:Belarusian
6228:Lithuanian
6190:Portuguese
6120:colloquial
5944:Adjectives
5832:Tibetology
5801:Literature
5620:Dalai Lama
5473:Government
5431:Tibet Area
5426:Golden Urn
5392:Parliament
4917:Lifan Yuan
4844:(960–1279)
4781:Zhangzhung
4766:Chronology
4591:Regional (
4333:2011-06-30
4314:2011-06-30
4295:2011-06-30
4276:2011-06-30
4254:2011-06-30
4011:References
3802:Perfective
3608:རྒྱ་ནག་ལ་
3557:book many
3459:be:EX-TEST
3377:be:EX-TEST
3056:thub-bstan
2969:ཡོད་མ་རེད་
2909:be:ESS-EGO
2823:be:ESS-EGO
2752:be:ESS-EGO
2659:be:ESS-REV
2539:be:ESS-REV
2524:ཐུབ་བསྟན་
2492:thub-bstan
2183:thub-bstan
2129:egophoric
2111:assertive
2025:monovalent
2017:transitive
1844:<de>
1830:<de>
1803:<de>
1660:kho-(rang)
1653:kho-(rang)
1632:khong-tsho
1625:khong-tsho
1564:khyod-tsho
1557:khyod-tsho
1541:ཁྱོད་གཉིས་
1534:ཁྱོད་གཉིས་
1459:khyed-rang
1452:khyed-rang
1443:honorific
1414:rang-gnyis
1407:rang-gnyis
1265:<'a>
1258:<-r>
1140:བུ་མོ་ཚོར་
1080:སྤུ་གུ་ཚོ།
897:<-l>
890:<-r>
883:<-m>
876:<-n>
860:<-s>
853:<-b>
846:<-d>
823:<-g>
814:<-s>
807:<'a>
796:<-s>
587:<-l>
580:<-r>
573:<-m>
566:<-n>
550:<-s>
543:<-b>
536:<-d>
527:<gi>
513:<-g>
504:<'i>
497:<'a>
434:absolutive
259:<mo>
252:<ma>
243:<po>
236:<pa>
177:Adjectives
143:and other
137:morphology
110:March 2013
80:newspapers
7116:Esperanto
7108:auxiliary
7006:Classical
6917:Mongolian
6807:Cantonese
6741:Malayalam
6728:Dravidian
6598:Kabardian
6506:Meänkieli
6481:Hungarian
6306:Ukrainian
6251:Bulgarian
6150:Dalmatian
6050:Ripuarian
6045:Old Norse
6040:Norwegian
6035:Icelandic
5998:Afrikaans
5814:Chronicle
5776:Festivals
5588:Dpon-chen
5558:Languages
5553:Education
5302:Changtang
5244:Mountains
5211:Geography
5119:Documents
4964:conflicts
4816:(618–907)
4735:Overviews
4663:Sikkimese
4633:Grammar (
4402:, Delhi:
3780:Egophoric
3705:be:EX-EGO
3623:be:EX-EGO
3569:རྒྱ་ནག་ལ་
3559:be:EX-EGO
3135:ཚེ་རིང་ལ་
3053:ཐུབ་བསྟན་
2944:egophoric
2924:assertive
2653:red-bzhag
2651:smyon-pa
2644:སྨྱོན་པ་
2627:red-bzhag
2591:'brog-pa
2584:འབྲོག་པ་
2533:red-bzhag
2507:red-bzhag
2489:ཐུབ་བསྟན་
2299:he nomad
2180:ཐུབ་བསྟན་
1788:proximal
1725:mo-(rang)
1718:mo-(rang)
1641:familiar
1609:ཁོང་གཉིས་
1602:ཁོང་གཉིས་
1576:ordinary
1434:rang-tsho
1427:rang-tsho
1378:ordinary
1346:nga-gnyis
1339:nga-gnyis
1299:singular
1170:lag-rtags
1026:paa-lags-
964:paa-lags-
419:<a-ma-
328:{} khams-
7080:artistic
7070:American
7032:Cherokee
6940:Hawaiian
6878:Has Hlai
6822:Kokborok
6817:Dzongkha
6779:Okinawan
6769:Japanese
6673:Ugaritic
6668:Tigrinya
6593:Georgian
6570:European
6496:Livonian
6471:Estonian
6427:Albanian
6404:Sanskrit
6379:Maithili
6369:Gujarati
6364:Bhojpuri
6281:Silesian
6205:Venetian
6195:Romanian
6174:Lombard
6125:literary
5990:Germanic
5964:Pronouns
5939:Grammars
5914:Grammars
5872:Category
5756:Calendar
5690:Diaspora
5563:Religion
5367:Politics
5268:Tanggula
5258:Changtse
4962:Wars and
4837:Tsongkha
4799:Timeline
4742:Timeline
4719:articles
4658:Dzongkha
4648:outside
4599:Numerals
4525:Language
4266:(1881).
4151:: 1–38.
3854:ཡོག་རེད་
3742:May 2023
3332:airplane
3329:gnam-gru
3326:གནམ་གྲུ་
3301:མི་འདུག་
3294:ཡོད་རེད་
3141:Tsering-
2999:airplane
2996:gnam-gru
2993:གནམ་གྲུ་
2961:ཡོད་རེད་
2927:ཡོད་རེད་
2750:I nomad
2705:'brog-pa
2702:འབྲོག་པ་
2612:smyon-pa
2609:སྨྱོན་པ་
2552:'brog-pa
2549:འབྲོག་པ་
2537:Thubtän
2471:རེད་བཞག་
2407:ཆུང་ཆུང་
2254:'brog-pa
2251:འབྲོག་པ་
2122:རེད་བཞག་
2043:and the
2033:divalent
1908:"here",
1861:<lo '
1722:མོ་(རང་)
1715:མོ་(རང་)
1657:ཁོ་(རང་)
1650:ཁོ་(རང་)
1561:ཁྱོད་ཚོ་
1554:ཁྱོད་ཚོ་
1456:ཁྱེད་རང་
1449:ཁྱེད་རང་
1411:རང་གཉིས་
1404:རང་གཉིས་
1366:nga-tsho
1359:nga-tsho
1289:Pronouns
1279:Pronouns
1267:whereas
1247:locative
1221:boy-FEM-
1167:ལག་རྟགས་
1108:children
1086:children
1030:, a-khu-
1023:་། ཨ་ནེ།
1019:་། ཨ་ཁུ་
634:'khor-lo
619:'khor-lo
446:ablative
442:genitive
438:agentive
317:་ → ཁམས་
261:"female"
7088:Klingon
7042:Miskito
7001:Nahuatl
6955:Tagalog
6945:Ilocano
6935:Cebuano
6870:Kra–Dai
6837:Tibetan
6802:Burmese
6784:Hachijō
6761:Japonic
6736:Kannada
6713:Swahili
6544:Turkmen
6539:Turkish
6486:Ingrian
6476:Finnish
6449:Hittite
6437:Ancient
6399:Punjabi
6384:Marathi
6359:Bengali
6334:Persian
6324:Kurdish
6316:Iranian
6296:Slovene
6276:Russian
6223:Latvian
6200:Spanish
6183:Western
6178:Eastern
6165:Italian
6145:Catalan
6088:Cornish
6065:Yiddish
6055:Swedish
6025:Faroese
6013:English
5916:of the
5856:Outline
5820:writers
5761:Cuisine
5726:thangka
5707:Culture
5680:Changpa
5595:Nyingma
5542:Society
5507:Economy
5342:Ü-Tsang
5316:Valleys
5274:Rivers
5249:Kailash
4809:Lönchen
4791:Empire
4727:History
4668:Ladakhi
4604:Braille
4567:Scripts
4548:U-tsang
3914:གི་རེད་
3906:གི་ཡིན་
3875:གི་ཡོད་
3841:Perfect
3658:zhim-po
3655:ཞིམ་པོ་
3512:mang-po
3387:ཡོད་རེད
3267:yod-red
3260:ཡོད་རེད
3241:yod-red
3235:ཡོད་རེད
3193:yod-red
3186:ཡོད་རེད
3167:yod-red
3161:ཡོད་རེད
3119:yod-red
3112:ཡོད་རེད
3093:yod-red
3087:ཡོད་རེད
3059:Thubtän
3037:yod-red
3030:ཡོད་རེད
3011:yod-red
3005:ཡོད་རེད
2821:I fine
2773:བདེ་པོ་
2646:རེད་བཞག
2621:རེད་བཞག
2572:not-be:
2526:རེད་བཞག
2501:རེད་བཞག
2495:Thubtän
2388:mo-rang
2314:mo-rang
2274:not-be:
2186:Thubtän
2084:in the
2073:Copulas
2067:Copulae
2045:patient
2039:in the
1878:<lo
1808:distal
1798:medial
1709:female
1629:ཁོང་ཚོ་
1622:ཁོང་ཚོ་
1343:ང་གཉིས་
1336:ང་གཉིས་
1305:plural
1239:oblique
1173:present
1104:mother-
1070:mother-
1037:father-
1015:པཱ་ལགས་
971:father-
957:པཱ་ལགས་
716:inside-
713:nang-la
679:pags-pa
664:pags-pa
627:འཁོར་ལོ
616:འཁོར་ལོ
454:oblique
416:ཨ་མ་ཚོ་
185:dialect
94:scholar
7150:Lojban
7140:Other
7098:Quenya
7047:Navajo
7022:Other
6983:Ojibwe
6978:Munsee
6912:Korean
6907:Evenki
6897:Other
6751:Telugu
6703:Herero
6663:Somali
6653:Kabyle
6641:Hebrew
6631:Arabic
6588:Basque
6583:Adyghe
6578:Abkhaz
6568:Other
6549:Uyghur
6529:Kyrgyz
6524:Kazakh
6516:Turkic
6501:Udmurt
6463:Uralic
6389:Nepali
6329:Pashto
6291:Slovak
6271:Polish
6238:Slavic
6215:Baltic
6155:French
6137:Italic
6083:Breton
6075:Celtic
6030:German
6003:Danish
5807:Annals
5771:Emblem
5733:tsakli
5605:Jonang
5254:Lhotse
5198:(2008)
4897:Kashag
4717:
4613:Others
4541:
4473:
4429:
4410:
4387:
4353:
4245:
4172:12 May
4163:
4125:12 May
4099:12 May
4074:12 May
4035:12 May
3901:Future
3815:པ་རེད་
3807:པ་ཡིན་
3759:aspect
3575:China-
3509:མང་པོ་
3414:pretty
3317:Tibet-
3314:bod-la
3311:བོད་ལ་
3252:ASSERT
3229:pretty
3178:ASSERT
3104:ASSERT
3070:mister
3022:ASSERT
2985:Tibet-
2982:bod-la
2979:བོད་ལ་
2776:bde-po
2657:crazy
2597:nomad
2436:ASSERT
2385:མོ་རང་
2351:ASSERT
2328:pretty
2311:མོ་རང་
2295:ma-red
2280:ASSERT
2269:ma-red
2209:ASSERT
2159:མ་རེད་
1961:listen
1953:listen
1917:ཕ་གིར་
1805:"that"
1795:"this"
1431:རང་ཚོ་
1424:རང་ཚོ་
1243:dative
1223:PL-DAT
1212:tsho-r
1210:bu-mo-
1145:tsho-r
1143:bu-mo-
1041:uncle-
1034:, a-ne
995:uncle-
988:a-khu-
641:dharma
637:Wheel
359:
356:
324:khams-
303:khams-
291:
288:
274:khams-
245:"male"
209:number
141:syntax
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
7093:Naʼvi
7052:Otomi
7037:Inuit
7013:Nawat
6965:Algic
6950:Malay
6855:Khmer
6746:Tamil
6708:Sotho
6696:Pular
6613:Ubykh
6559:Yakut
6554:Uzbek
6534:Tatar
6442:Koine
6432:Greek
6420:Other
6409:Vedic
6339:Tajik
6256:Czech
6170:Latin
6115:Welsh
6093:Irish
6008:Dutch
5969:Verbs
5954:Nouns
5863:Index
5827:Music
5792:Khata
5695:Names
5685:Yolmo
5658:Islam
5610:Gelug
5600:Kagyu
5578:Sakya
5381:(TAR)
5347:Ngari
5232:Fauna
5227:Flora
4715:Tibet
4673:Balti
4621:Wylie
4585:Uchen
4553:Khams
4145:(PDF)
4060:(PDF)
4002:bzhag
3992:bzhag
3983:btang
3943:btang
3862:འདུག་
3661:tasty
3287:འདུག་
3152:mo-ṭa
3149:མོ་ཊ་
3075:འདིར་
2937:འདུག་
2708:nomad
2615:crazy
2555:nomad
2413:small
2288:མ་རེད
2263:མ་རེད
2257:nomad
2243:khong
2082:estar
2061:stems
2037:agent
1995:པ་ཡིན
1903:འདིར་
1896:ཕ་གི་
1810:ཕ་གི་
1644:male
1592:khong
1585:khong
1524:khyod
1521:ཁྱོད་
1517:khyod
1514:ཁྱོད་
1363:ང་ཚོ་
1356:ང་ཚོ་
1302:dual
1184:give-
1097:a-ma-
1064:a-ma-
1005:ཨ་ནེ།
981:ཨ་ཁུ་
901:གྱིས་
864:ཀྱིས་
775:photo
761:་ པར་
753:photo
710:ནང་ལ་
686:sheep
682:Skin
672:པགས་པ
661:པགས་པ
630:chos-
608:chos-
371:mdzo-
223:འབྲི་
193:Lhasa
181:Verbs
165:Nouns
101:JSTOR
87:books
7062:sign
6888:Thai
6832:Mizo
6718:Zulu
6691:Fula
6491:Komi
6394:Odia
6105:Manx
5781:Flag
5720:rugs
5642:list
5625:list
5414:LGBT
5337:Kham
5332:Amdo
4558:Amdo
4471:ISBN
4427:ISBN
4408:ISBN
4385:ISBN
4351:ISBN
4243:ISBN
4174:2023
4161:ISBN
4127:2023
4101:2023
4076:2023
4037:2023
3988:བཞག།
3980:བཏང་
3975:gang
3972:གངས་
3962:song
3952:song
3948:སོང།
3940:བཏང་
3935:gang
3932:གངས་
3846:ཡོད་
3823:སོང་
3757:and
3650:this
3644:འདི་
3515:many
3504:book
3498:དེབ་
3488:མེད་
3480:ཡིན་
3446:འདུག
3438:TEST
3420:འདུག
3403:this
3397:འདི་
3364:འདུག
3356:TEST
3338:འདུག
3218:this
3212:འདི་
3081:here
3078:'dir
3067:lags
3064:ལགས་
2947:ཡོད་
2942:and
2865:-tea
2848:you:
2832:ཡིན་
2779:fine
2681:མིན་
2673:ཡིན་
2396:མིག་
2240:ཁོང་
2175:this
2169:འདི་
2152:རེད་
2145:རེད་
2131:ཡིན་
2113:རེད་
2080:and
1988:མཐོང
1973:hear
1971:and
1965:look
1963:and
1957:hear
1955:and
1947:and
1945:look
1910:དེར་
1882:>
1865:>
1834:འདི་
1825:and
1820:འདི་
1790:འདི་
1589:ཁོང་
1582:ཁོང་
1394:rang
1387:rang
1245:and
1237:The
1217:boy-
1208:dang
1188:-be:
1186:PAST
1149:boy-
1130:boy-
1126:dang
1099:dang
1090:ཨ་མ་
1066:dang
1057:ཨ་མ་
1045:aunt
1032:dang
1028:dang
1011:aunt
1008:a-ne
990:dang
966:dang
941:The
922:The
834:གིས་
766:pa'i
733:pa'i
731:yod-
724:ཡོད་
705:book
699:དེབ་
675:lug-
668:ལུག་
653:lug-
647:ལུག་
625:ཀྱི་
623:ཆོས་
604:ཀྱི་
602:ཆོས་
591:གྱི་
554:ཀྱི་
484:The
464:The
452:and
423:>
421:tsho
409:ཨ་མ་
364:མཛོ་
345:mdzo
342:མཛོ་
313:ཁམས་
296:ཁམས་
267:ཁམས་
216:གཡག་
173:case
151:, a
73:news
6883:Lao
6603:Laz
6098:Old
6018:Old
5715:Art
5568:Bon
4579:Umê
4463:doi
4153:doi
3831:ཞག་
3737:.
3699:yod
3692:ཡོད
3684:EGO
3678:be:
3673:yod
3667:ཡོད
3647:'di
3639:tea
3617:yod
3610:ཡོད
3602:EGO
3596:be:
3591:yod
3585:ཡོད
3577:OBL
3553:yod
3546:ཡོད
3538:EGO
3532:be:
3527:yod
3521:ཡོད
3501:deb
3473:ཡོད
3453:dug
3432:be:
3427:dug
3400:'di
3371:dug
3350:be:
3345:dug
3319:OBL
3246:be:
3215:'di
3172:be:
3155:car
3143:OBL
3098:be:
3016:be:
2987:OBL
2903:yin
2896:ཡིན
2888:EGO
2884:ESS
2882:be:
2877:yin
2871:ཡིན
2863:HON
2850:GEN
2817:yin
2810:ཡིན
2802:EGO
2798:ESS
2796:be:
2791:yin
2785:ཡིན
2765:nga
2746:yin
2739:ཡིན
2731:EGO
2727:ESS
2725:be:
2720:yin
2714:ཡིན
2694:nga
2638:REV
2634:ESS
2632:be:
2578:REV
2574:ESS
2518:REV
2514:ESS
2512:be:
2451:red
2444:རེད
2432:ESS
2430:be:
2425:red
2419:རེད
2402:eye
2399:mig
2391:she
2366:red
2359:རེད
2347:ESS
2345:be:
2340:red
2334:རེད
2317:she
2276:ESS
2224:red
2217:རེད
2205:ESS
2203:be:
2198:red
2192:རེད
2172:'di
2157:is
2078:ser
1969:see
1949:see
1871:ལོ་
1856:འདི
1854:ལོ་
1841:དེ་
1827:དེ་
1800:དེ་
1391:རང་
1384:རང་
1326:nga
1319:nga
1269:–ལ་
1255:–ར་
1219:ASS
1206:bu-
1199:བུ་
1194:EGO
1160:DAT
1151:FEM
1133:ASS
1124:bu-
1117:བུ་
1106:ASS
1073:ASS
1043:ASS
1039:ASS
998:ASS
974:ASS
947:དང་
928:ནས་
892:or
825:or
773:GEN
768:par
759:པའི
750:par
747:པར་
740:GEN
737:is-
726:པའི
718:OBL
702:deb
670:གི་
649:གི་
632:kyi
610:kyi
582:or
524:གི་
515:or
501:འི་
402:ཚོ་
256:མོ་
254:or
240:པོ་
238:or
207:or
159:an
147:of
56:by
7167::
4627:,
4623:,
4469:.
4406:,
4383:,
4159:.
4147:.
4118:.
4092:.
4068:14
4066:.
4062:.
4045:^
4028:.
3772::
3680:EX
3636:ja
3633:ཇ་
3598:EX
3534:EX
3493:.
3434:EX
3352:EX
3306:.
3248:EX
3174:EX
3100:EX
3018:EX
2974:.
2952:.
2932:,
2859:ja
2856:ཇ་
2762:ང་
2691:ང་
2686:.
2484:.
2246:he
2099:.
2088:.
2031:;
1959::
1886:or
1880:de
1873:དེ
1863:di
1784::
1323:ང་
1316:ང་
1262:འ་
1201:དང
1190:EX
1156:PL
1119:དང
1092:དང
1059:དང
1021:དང
1017:དང
985:་།
983:དང
961:་།
959:དང
894:ལ་
887:ར་
885:,
880:མ་
878:,
873:ན་
857:ས་
855:,
850:བ་
848:,
843:ད་
827:ང་
820:ག་
811:ས་
804:འ་
793:ས་
684:of
677:gi
655:gi
639:of
584:ལ་
577:ར་
575:,
570:མ་
568:,
563:ན་
547:ས་
545:,
540:བ་
538:,
533:ད་
517:ང་
510:ག་
494:འ་
448:,
444:,
440:,
436:,
390:mo
383:མོ
373:mo
366:མོ
330:mo
326:pa
319:མོ
305:mo
298:མོ
276:pa
249:མ་
233:པ་
211:.
175:.
163:.
139:,
5906:e
5899:t
5892:v
4707:e
4700:t
4693:v
4637:)
4595:)
4512:e
4505:t
4498:v
4479:.
4465::
4436:.
4394:.
4336:.
4317:.
4298:.
4279:.
4257:.
4176:.
4155::
4129:.
4103:.
4078:.
4039:.
3768:/
3744:)
3740:(
3694:།
3682:-
3669:།
3612:།
3600:-
3587:།
3579:.
3548:།
3536:-
3523:།
3448:་
3436:-
3425:'
3422:་
3366:་
3354:-
3343:'
3340:་
3321:.
3262:།
3250:-
3237:།
3188:།
3176:-
3163:།
3114:།
3102:-
3089:།
3032:།
3020:-
3007:།
2898:།
2886:-
2873:།
2812:།
2800:-
2787:།
2768:I
2741:།
2729:-
2716:།
2697:I
2648:་
2636:-
2623:་
2588:་
2576:-
2563:་
2528:་
2516:-
2503:་
2446:།
2434:-
2421:།
2361:།
2349:-
2336:།
2290:།
2278:-
2265:།
2219:།
2207:-
2194:།
1875:་
1858:་
1192:-
1158:-
1153:-
1121:་
1061:་
992:,
968:,
906:.
728:་
596:.
385:་
368:་
353:→
321:་
315:པ
300:་
285:→
271:་
269:པ
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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