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64:
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709:" — a mixture of English and Latin. Since most people did not understand Latin, the implication is that these songs were composed for church choristers, or perhaps for an educated audience at the Royal courts. The most famous survival of these early macaronic carols is "The Boar's Head". The tradition of singing carols outside of church services early in the 19th century is best illustrated by
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2750:
72:
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120:
750:. Carols can be sung by individual singers, but are also often sung by larger groups, including professionally trained choirs. Most churches have special services at which carols are sung, generally combined with readings from scripture about the birth of Christ; this is often based on the famous Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols at
1414:
after the 8th syllable) verse, which means that their wording and tunes are easily interchangeable. This has given rise to a great number of local variants, parts of which often overlap or resemble one another in verse, tune, or both. Nevertheless, their musical variety remains very wide overall: for
1401:
Most carols follow a more or less standard format: they begin by exalting the relevant religious feast, then proceed to offer praises for the lord and lady of the house, their children, the household and its personnel, and usually conclude with a polite request for a treat, and a promise to come back
1335:
In older times, caroling children asked for and were given edible gifts such as dried fruit, eggs, nuts or sweets; during the 20th century this was gradually replaced with money gifts – ranging from small change in the case of strangers to considerable amounts in the case of close relatives. Caroling
1362:
908:
concerts held outdoors at night in cities and towns across the country, during the weeks leading up to
Christmas. First held in Melbourne, "Carols by Candlelight" is held each Christmas Eve in capital cities and many smaller cities and towns around Australia. Performers at the concerts include opera
917:
singers. People in the audience hold lit candles and join in singing some of the carols in accompaniment with the celebrities. Similar events are now held all over
Australia, usually arranged by churches, municipal councils, or other community groups. They are normally held on Christmas Eve or the
413:
studies of caroling in the early 21st century in
Finland determined that the sources of songs are often misunderstood, and that it is simplistic to suggest caroling is mostly related to Christian beliefs, for it also reinforces preservation of diverse national customs and local family traditions.
200:', who went from house to house. The songs now known specifically as carols were originally communal songs sung during celebrations like harvest tide as well as Christmas. It was only later that carols began to be sung in church, and to be specifically associated with Christmas.
249:
523:
on 24 December 1818. Mohr had composed the words much earlier, in 1816, but on
Christmas Eve brought them to Gruber and asked him to compose a melody and guitar accompaniment for the church service. The first English translation was in 1871 where it was published in a
1512:
Christmas carols are very popular in Poland, where they have a long history, the oldest dating to the 15th century or earlier. There is a tradition of singing
Christmas carols until 2 February which is celebrated by western Christians as the Feast of the
388:
Today carols are regularly sung at
Christian religious services. Some compositions have words that are clearly not of a religious theme, but are often still referred to as "carols". For example, the 16th-century song "A Bone, God Wot!" appears to be a
731:), in which groups of singers travel from house to house, singing carols at each, for which they are often rewarded with gifts, money, mince pies, or a glass of an appropriate beverage. Money collected in this way is now normally given to charity.
240:
churches gained prominence (as well-known
Reformers like Martin Luther authored carols and encouraged their use in worship). This was a consequence of the fact that the Lutheran reformation warmly welcomed music. During the years that the
1555:
and Latin
America popular from the late 15th to 18th centuries. With the decline in popularity of the villancicos in the 20th century, the term became reduced to mean merely "Christmas carol". Important composers of villancicos were
742:), and now seen in churches all over the world. The songs that were chosen for singing in church omitted the wassailing carols, and the words "hymn" and "carol" were used almost interchangeably. Shortly before, in 1878, the
1360:
Christmas carol "Kalēn hespéran, árchontes" ("Good evening, lords"), and the New Year's carol "Archimēniá ki archichroniá" ("First of the month, first of the year"). The oldest known carol, commonly referred to as the
1670:). They were originally sung to celebrate the birth of the Sun (winter solstice). After the incorporation into Christianity, their theme has been shifted to Christmas, celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ.
1336:
is also done by marching bands, choirs, school students seeking to raise funds for trips or charity, members of folk societies, or merely by groups of well-wishers. Many internationally known carols, e.g. "
891:, carrying a star on a pole. Going from house to house from New Year's Day to 6 January, the children sing religious songs and collect money for charity. They are often rewarded with extra sweets or money.
2728:
672:
3813:
229:" ("O Come all ye faithful") appears in its current form in the mid-18th century, although the words may have originated in the 13th century. The origin of the tune is disputed.
1859:
3808:
1999:
1352:
Many carols are regional, being popular in specific regions but unknown in others, whereas some are popular throughout the two countries. Examples of the latter are the
1627:). As quite a few have references to mythological events and powers, some authors claim that they contain part of the religion that was present in the territory before
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918:
Sunday or weekend before
Christmas. A similar recent trend in South Africa and New Zealand are for smaller towns to host their own Carols by Candlelight concerts.
422:
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245:
ban on
Christmas was in place in England, semi-clandestine religious services marking Christ's birth continued to be held, and people sang carols in secret.
663:
671:
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347:
The singing of carols was further popularised in the 20th century when OUP published one of the most popular carol books in the English-speaking world,
1925:
494:
wrote texts for at least three Christmas carols, of which the best known was originally entitled "Hark! How All the Welkin Rings", later edited to "
188:, a strong tradition of popular Christmas songs in regional native languages developed. Christmas carols in English first appear in a 1426 work of
3744:
1203:
610:
In addition, some carols describe Christmas-related events of a religious nature, but not directly related to the birth of Jesus. For example:
1222:
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2541:
2115:
1826:
4020:
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1647:
563:
488:", which has become a popular Christmas carol even though it is widely believed that Watts did not write it to be sung only at Christmas.
508:
in 1840 was adapted by William H. Cummings to fit Wesley's words. This combination first appeared in "Hymns Ancient and Modern" in 1861.
107:
has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of
3749:
3464:
2809:
1514:
796:
44:
1182:
Other popular and widely sung Christmas carols are "Herbei, o ihr Gläub’gen", which is a German version of "Adeste fideles" (English: "
3818:
3607:
3178:
3004:
2206:
1489:
925:
634:
37:
1863:
1564:, Francisco Guerrero, Gaspar Fernandes and Juan Gutiérez de Padilla. Popular Spanish villancicos include "Los pastores a Belén" and "
4080:
2552:
1971:
1935:
1836:
1794:
1483:
3995:
2638:
150:
1090:"Dans cette étable" and "Venez Divin Messie" are also popular Christmas carols. Perhaps the best known traditional French carol, "
4220:
4015:
3910:
1988:
1129:
210:
1145:
1141:
555:
The Census of Augustus, a rare subject, but touched upon in "On a Day When Men Were Counted" by Daniel Thambyrajah Niles (1964)
299:
2188:
705:, about 500 have been found. Some are wassailing songs, some are religious songs in English, some are in Latin, and some are "
3924:
3307:
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1458:
and guitars. Generally speaking, the musical style of each carol closely follows the secular music tradition of each region.
1210:
1492:
Philippines exhibit the influence of indigenous, Hispanic and American musical traditions, reflecting the country's complex
1732:", and numerous others of varying genres. Church and college choirs celebrate with special programs and online recordings.
344:, it became a widely used source of carols in among choirs and church congregations in Britain and remains in print today.
3845:
3632:
3627:
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2932:
2078:
1526:
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1137:
1091:
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619:
559:
267:
4000:
3704:
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1076:
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772:
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It is not clear whether the word carol derives from the French "carole" or the Latin "carula" meaning a circular dance.
401:
as a Christmas carol. As recently as 1865, Christmas-related lyrics were adopted for the traditional English folk song "
283:
279:
100:
2328:. Melbourne : Printed and published for the proprietors by Robert Stewart at the Herald Office – via Trove.
863:
214:
2781:
209:, a collection of late medieval Latin songs which was first published in 1582. Early, Latin forms of carols such as "
2769:
2912:
2173:
1729:
1493:
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904:
In Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, where it is the middle of summer at Christmas, there is a tradition of
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2131:
1885:
1703:
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are sung regularly in both sacred and secular settings, and are among the better known modern Christmas carols.
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3694:
3577:
2999:
2831:
2021:
1741:
1313:
1199:
1195:
1107:
767:
715:
322:, a scholarly collection which suffered from a short print run and is consequently rarely available today. The
3297:
2043:
Night: Tradition, Transformation and Cultural Understandings of Christmas Music Events in Helsinki, Finland".
445:
chord patterns, and it is this that gives them their uniquely characteristic musical sound. Some carols like "
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Compositions continue to be written that become popular carols. For example, many of the carols written by
181:
began to derive music from popular songs, introducing something closer to the traditional Christmas carol.
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324:
307:
1693:. Although it is a Christmas carol in Wilhousky's English lyrics, in original Ukrainian lyrics it is a
573:, for example the Czech carol "Nesem vám noviny" (translated into English as "Come, All Ye Shepherds")
406:
4135:
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3739:
3714:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3642:
3429:
3399:
3354:
3329:
2702:
2103:
1529:
in the 20th century, Christmas carols were banned by the government of Ceacuescu. Days following the
859:
833:
623:
549:
398:
178:
166:
924:(1892–1977) wrote music for Christmas carol lyrics written by John Wheeler (both men worked for the
476:
Almost all the well-known carols were not sung in church until the second half of the 19th century.
302:", a New England carol written by Edmund H. Sears and Richard S. Willis. The publication in 1871 of
4598:
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3734:
3729:
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3709:
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2481:. Melbourne : published by A.M. Dinsdale by arrangement with Mr. Joe Slater – via Trove.
1994:
1530:
1504:) begin wassailing in November, with mostly children and young adults participating in the custom.
1451:
763:
615:
450:
295:
218:
141:
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1663:
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1593:
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1277:
880:
840:
786:
706:
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1007:
1296:). There are separate carols for each of the three great feasts, referring respectively to the
4225:
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3831:
3528:
3394:
3374:
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2982:
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1967:
1931:
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helped to repopularise the carol, and it is this period that gave rise to such favourites as "
275:
185:
31:
4398:
4256:
4185:
4130:
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3200:
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2600:
2533:
2527:
2407:
King, Henry John; Commission, Australian Broadcasting; Australia, Symphony (12 March 1899).
2052:
1725:
1686:
1620:
1596:. Their written versions starts in the 15th century. In the past were usually being song by
1561:
1497:
1374:
1325:
1305:
921:
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374:
358:
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1373:, "God, who has no beginning, descended"), is linguistically dated to the beginning of the
63:
55:
4513:
4393:
4351:
4331:
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4010:
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3776:
3562:
3494:
3454:
3389:
3339:
3272:
2957:
2665:
1690:
1678:
1643:
1557:
1386:
1366:
1245:
1055:
1034:
910:
791:
735:
446:
410:
394:
382:
354:
291:
248:
162:
144:, were austere statements of the theological doctrine of the Incarnation in opposition to
125:
108:
3230:
3126:
2441:
Delany, J. A.; Commission, Australian Broadcasting; Australia, Symphony (12 March 2018).
425:, wherein potential audiences call the singers to request a performance over phone call.
184:
In the 13th century, in France, Germany, and particularly, Italy, under the influence of
699:
Antiquarians in the 19th-century rediscovered early carols in museums. According to the
4444:
4306:
4251:
4125:
4055:
4005:
3852:
3572:
3540:
3534:
3424:
3364:
3205:
3173:
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1230:
1149:
821:
743:
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491:
370:
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224:
205:
132:
The first known Christmas hymns may be traced to 4th-century Rome. Latin hymns such as
2168:
1079:" (known as "Angels We Have Heard On High" in English) is another famous French carol.
393:
song (which is sung during drinking or while requesting ale), but is described in the
4582:
4508:
4429:
4367:
3474:
3469:
3349:
3344:
3267:
2989:
2947:
2900:
2852:
2155:
2064:
1960:
1428:
1225:" (lit.: "tiny snowflake, white, tiny skirt") are popular German songs introduced in
1125:
1038:
914:
888:
361:, this bestselling series has since expanded to a five-volume set. Along with editor
341:
315:
88:
1175:. The carol most familiar in German besides those two is probably the 19th-century "
1082:
The 19th-century "Cantique de Noël" (also known as "Minuit, chrétiens", adapted as "
196:
chaplain, who lists twenty five "caroles of Cristemas", probably sung by groups of '
4503:
4451:
4286:
4045:
3545:
3419:
3076:
2967:
2927:
2873:
1721:
1720:
Christmas music performed in the United States ranges from popular songs, such as "
1694:
1628:
1565:
1341:
1337:
1309:
1261:
1226:
1164:
1156:
1083:
884:
852:
848:
762:
In the 1680s and 1690s, two French composers incorporated carols into their works.
710:
545:
512:
418:
402:
311:
189:
161:
In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Christmas sequence (or prose) was introduced in
4533:
4210:
4205:
1152:
in 1622 to an older melody, a lullaby singing "of Jesus and Mary", and for peace.
365:, the compilers included many arrangements of carols derived from sources such as
2056:
1402:
next year for more well-wishing. Almost all the various carols are in the common
746:, under Charles Fry, instituted the idea of playing carols at Christmas, using a
670:
4543:
4518:
4439:
4419:
4414:
4388:
4341:
4321:
4271:
3652:
3439:
3379:
3359:
3319:
3314:
3235:
3185:
2532:(Cloth ed.). New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. p.
1407:
1353:
1172:
996:
638:
481:
465:
458:
362:
263:
1588:) are a popular group of songs, usually requiring a chorus, that are song from
1054:
In 1535, a 16th-century carol, "Ça, Bergers, assemblons nous", was sung aboard
682:", discovered by Thomas Wright in 1847. Performed by the U.S. Army Band Chorus.
71:
17:
4281:
4246:
4095:
3582:
3523:
3489:
3282:
3262:
3215:
3210:
3106:
3071:
3061:
2838:
2764:
2745:
2152:
Songs and Carols Now First Printed, From a Manuscript of the Fifteenth Century
1612:
1543:
1424:
1237:
wrote a scientific book on German Christmas carols which is also a song book.
1014:
747:
728:
720:
691:
500:
390:
237:
197:
193:
155:
119:
76:
2612:
2442:
2408:
928:). These referred to the hot dry December of the Australian outback, dancing
4523:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4266:
3592:
3225:
3220:
3195:
3151:
3091:
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2818:
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2510:
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2391:
2357:
2323:
2306:
2289:
2272:
1616:
1597:
1435:
1431:
1301:
1112:
Some carols familiar in English are translations of German Christmas songs (
1000:
525:
332:(OUP), was a notably successful collection; edited by the British composers
96:
4346:
3518:
2274:
The first hymn for Christmas-Day : Hich let us swell our tuneful notes
2255:
1689:", and premiered in December 1916 by a choral group made up of students at
409:". Little research has been conducted on carol singing, but one of the few
2776:
1356:
Christmas carol "Christoúgenna, Prōtoúgenna" ("Christmas, Firstmas"), the
719:(1872). In England and other countries, such as Poland (kolęda), Romania (
4537:
4528:
4482:
4326:
4200:
4100:
3597:
3551:
3292:
3146:
3131:
3066:
3051:
3040:
2648:
2459:
2425:
2340:
2230:
1659:
1608:
1455:
1439:
1312:, along with wishes for the household. In addition to the carols for the
1095:
1045:, Finland, with a local band and male choir performing Christmas carols.
1030:
724:
442:
145:
43:"Weihnachtslieder" redirects here. For the composition by Cornelius, see
2604:
2374:
1761:
4472:
4467:
4372:
4336:
4261:
4230:
3277:
3116:
3056:
2922:
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1411:
1382:
1293:
770:
wrote a few instrumental versions of noels, plus one major choral work
242:
137:
2620:
2588:
461:, and are among the oldest musical compositions still regularly sung.
4477:
4434:
4424:
4060:
3938:
3434:
3404:
3190:
3136:
2917:
1677:", with English lyrics by the American composer of Ukrainian descent
1589:
1443:
1420:
1042:
1011:
929:
174:
1958:
Shaw, Martin; Dearmer, Percy; Vaughan Williams, Ralph, eds. (1964).
1533:
in 1989, Christmas carols were sung for the first time in 42 years.
2565:
266:
in the 19th century helped to widen the popular appeal of carols. "
99:, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding
4276:
2962:
2410:
While all things were in quiet silence : anthem for Christmas
2039:
Hebert, David; Kallio, Alexis Anja; Odendaal, Albi (2012). "NotSo
1447:
1244:
247:
118:
70:
62:
54:
734:
Singing carols in church was instituted on Christmas Eve 1880 in
4498:
4162:
2880:
1390:
1317:
1003:
727:), there is a tradition of Christmas caroling (earlier known as
92:
2791:
1607:
origins are uncertain but usually cited to be related with the
1600:
and their families in market squares and in front of churches.
794:
included carol melodies in the accompaniment of his song cycle
2192:
2136:
1006:(Canada's oldest Christmas song), written probably in 1642 by
968:
1899 While all things were in quiet silence by Henry John King
932:(a native Australian crane), and similar Australian features.
2461:
An Australian Christmas carol, for friends all over the globe
2345:. Melbourne : Ebenezer and David Syme – via Trove.
862:
extensively quotes the Christmas carol "Silent Night" in his
2787:
2079:"Dial-a-Carol: Student-run holiday jingle service open 24/7"
1673:
The Ukrainian carol most known to the Western World is the "
652:
2271:
Johnson, James; Degotardi, Johann Nepomuk (12 March 1862).
1631:
arrived as it was kept alive in these mountainous regions.
1551:
in Portuguese) was a common poetic and musical form of the
1260:"Kalanta" redirects here. For the EP by Despina Vandi, see
515:" comes from Austria. The carol was first performed in the
1072:, was printed by Christophe Ballard (1641–1715), in Paris.
947:
1862 All My Heart This Night Rejoices by Charles E Horsley
417:
A modern form of the practice of caroling can be seen in "
2492:
Juncker, Aug. W.; Rogers, W. R. Russell (12 March 1890).
1381:
1000 AD; it is traditionally associated with the city of
1276:
from house to house on Christmas Eve, New Year's Eve and
1159:" (O Christmas tree), from a German folksong arranged by
405:", becoming the internationally popular Christmas carol "
314:
was a significant contribution to a revival of carols in
203:
Many carols which have gained popularity were printed in
2509:
Hart, Fritz Bennicke; Aickin, George E (12 March 2018).
2498:. [North Sydney? : A.W. Juncker? – via Trove.
2277:. Sydney : W.J. Johnson & Co – via Trove.
1927:
Publishing Glad Tidings : Essays on Christmas Music
1280:
Eve, and sing the corresponding folk carols, called the
883:, the last feast of the Christmas season, is marked by
2393:
Oh, lovely voices of the sky : hymn for Christmas
2379:. Hobart : J. Walch & Sons – via Trove.
2291:
All my heart this night rejoices : Christmas hymn
999:" (or "Twas in the Moon of Wintertime") is a Canadian
2373:
Packer, Charles Sandys; Röder, C. G (12 March 1883).
950:
1863 Australian Christmas Song by Ernesto Spagnoletti
536:
Several different Christmas episodes, apart from the
2515:. Melbourne : Allan & Co – via Trove.
2132:"Religion – Christianity: Carols – Christmas carols"
965:
1890 Oh, lovely voices of the sky by Alfred Plumpton
540:
itself, are described in Christmas carols, such as:
4491:
4460:
4407:
4381:
4360:
4239:
4184:
4171:
3969:
3864:
3775:
3606:
3328:
3249:
3160:
3037:
2891:
2424:Chanéet, G. S. de; Voight, Louis (12 March 1898).
2294:. Melbourne : C.E. Horsley – via Trove.
1987:
1959:
1272:Greek tradition calls for children to go out with
2447:. [n.p. : Paling & Co – via Trove.
2311:. Sydney : Alonzo Grocott – via Trove.
977:1908 Australian Christmas Carol by Joseph Summers
2512:The night of fear is over : Christmas carol
2430:. London : Cary & Co – via Trove.
2413:. : Novello and Company – via Trove.
2362:. New York : G. Schirmer – via Trove.
1924:Studwell, William E.; Jones, Dorothy E. (1998).
962:1883 Song of the Angels by Charles Sandys Packer
369:, as well as pieces by modern composers such as
2678:"More Scattered Fighting; 80,000 Reported Dead"
956:1866 Victorian Christmas Waltz by Cesare Cutolo
441:Traditionally, carols have often been based on
421:," an annual tradition held by students at the
158:(d. 413) is still sung in some churches today.
2475:Slater, Joe; McAlister, Ward (12 March 2018).
2390:Plumpton, Alfred; Hemans Mrs (12 March 1890).
2359:Jesu, Redemptor omnium : Christmas anthem
953:1864 Christmas in Australia by George Tolhurst
2803:
2464:. Perth : S. T. Upham – via Trove.
1466:The most popular Italian Christmas carol is "
484:, the "father of English hymnody", composed "
8:
2322:Tolhurst, George; T, J. B. (12 March 1864).
986:1929 The Night of Fear Is Over by Fritz Hart
980:1910 My Little Christmas Belle by Joe Slater
974:1900 Yuletide Gavotte by John Albert Delaney
971:1900 In the Cathedral by George S De Chaneet
944:1862 Hymn for Christmas-Day by James Johnson
318:. In 1916, Charles Lewis Hutchins published
123:A 1582 published version of the Latin carol
2734:. volume VII, no. 1, January 1934, p. С. 1.
2339:Cutolo, Cesare; Grosse, F (12 March 1866).
941:1852 Christmas Present Polka by John Howson
222:
4181:
2810:
2796:
2788:
423:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2288:Horsley, Charles Edward (12 March 1862).
1989:"Christopher Morris, musician – obituary"
637:", reflecting on the practice of ringing
59:Christmas carol group at Bangalore, India
2325:Christmas in Australia : prize song
1572:Andorra and Catalan-speaking territories
1061:In 1554, a collection of French carols,
353:. First published in 1961 and edited by
177:. In the 12th century the Parisian monk
1753:
1344:", are also sung in Greek translation.
1320:carols, commonly called the "Carols of
1132:", which can be acted as a play of the
983:1910 Star of the East by August Juncker
936:Christmas music composed by Australians
900:Australia, South Africa and New Zealand
622:helping a poor man on 26 December (the
2305:Spagnoletti, Ernesto (12 March 1863).
1108:List of Christmas carols § German
689:
232:Carols gained in popularity after the
30:For the novel by Charles Dickens, see
27:Song or hymn on the theme of Christmas
4140:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2189:"Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols"
1712:), having nothing with Christianity.
1681:, composed by the Ukrainian composer
1658:Ukrainian Christmas carols are named
1221:" ("Oh, come, little children") and "
1213:" ("Let us be happy and cheerful"), "
1198:" "(Silently the snow is falling)", "
959:1870 Christmas Anthem by Paolo Giorza
457:" can be traced directly back to the
7:
2644:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2002:from the original on 11 January 2022
1910:Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern
1789:, Courier Dover Publications, 1976,
1070:Chants des Noëls Anciens et Modernes
664:15th-century English Christmas carol
564:While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks
288:Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern
258:(1871) helped to make carols popular
2233:, Christmas in Australia, Tom Wills
1966:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1886:"When Christmas carols were banned"
1515:Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
1454:harmonic polyphony, accompanied by
1316:, there are also the springtime or
1292:, the word deriving from the Roman
1204:Es ist für uns eine Zeit angekommen
1155:Two well-known later examples are "
1488:Christmas carols in predominantly
926:Australian Broadcasting Commission
635:I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day
478:Hymns Ancient and Modern 1861–1874
340:, along with clergyman and author
38:A Christmas Carol (disambiguation)
25:
2639:"Alfonso Maria de Liguori, santo"
2458:Summers, Joseph (12 March 2018).
2026:www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com
1724:", to Christmas carols, such as "
1484:List of Filipino Christmas carols
1086:" in English) is another classic.
879:In Austria, Belgium and Germany,
800:, Op. 8. Other examples include:
780:included Christmas carols in his
252:19th-century carol books such as
67:Children singing Christmas carols
4561:
4560:
4016:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3911:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2775:
2763:
2748:
2260:. Sydney : J. Howson. 1852.
2207:"Zum gemeinsamen Dienst berufen"
1787:Christmas customs and traditions
1202:" (Daughter Zion, rejoice) and "
1194:(lit: "A rose has sprung up"), "
1130:Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her
1102:Germany, Austria and Switzerland
690:Problems playing this file? See
668:
282:" appear in English antiquarian
211:Christ was born on Christmas Day
2356:Giorza, Paulo (12 March 1888).
1566:Riu, riu, chiu: El lobo rabioso
1332:to be celebrated a week later.
1206:" ("Unto us a time has come").
1146:Vom Himmel hoch, o Engel, kommt
1142:Christum wir sollen loben schon
1075:Dating from the 18th century, "
300:It Came Upon the Midnight Clear
3996:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3925:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3308:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
3087:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1646:events while the other to the
1446:; just across the straits, on
1211:Lasst uns froh und munter sein
221:" can be found in this book. "
165:monasteries, developing under
151:Of the Father's heart begotten
1:
3947:Christmas television specials
3846:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2933:Annunciation to the shepherds
2707:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
2342:The Victorian Christmas waltz
2308:Our Australian Christmas song
1907:Sandys, William, ed. (1833).
1568:" and "Los peces en el río".
1527:Socialist Republic of Romania
1304:and the New Year, and to the
1223:Schneeflöckchen, Weißröckchen
1138:Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ
1068:In 1703, another collection,
1019:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
560:Annunciation to the shepherds
328:, first published in 1928 by
304:Christmas Carols, New and Old
262:The publication of Christmas
255:Christmas Carols, New and Old
4001:Christmas and holiday season
2568:(in Finnish). City of Porvoo
2427:In the cathedral : song
2057:10.1080/17411912.2012.721525
1930:. New York : Haworth Press.
1860:"Article – Protestant music"
1831:. Random House. p. 84.
1470:", written in 1732 by Saint
1369:: Άναρχος θεός καταβέβηκεν,
1094:", comes from the region of
1077:Les Anges Dans Nos Campagnes
922:William Garnet "Billy" James
810:Fantasia on Christmas Carols
738:, Cornwall, (see article on
496:Hark! the Herald Angels Sing
280:Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
268:God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen
2589:"Mediæval Christmas Carols"
2257:The Christmas present polka
1825:Coghlan, Alexandra (2016).
1638:is usually paired with the
1326:Saturday before Palm Sunday
1217:", ("Ring, Little Bell"), "
887:, children dressing as the
847:" has been set to music by
618:", based on a legend about
215:Good Christian Men, Rejoice
148:. Corde natus ex Parentis (
4615:
2913:Adoration of the Shepherds
2526:McGee, Timothy J. (1985).
1730:O Little Town of Bethlehem
1481:
1371:Ánarkhos Theós katabébēken
1259:
1192:Es ist ein Ros entsprungen
1105:
1092:Il est né, le divin Enfant
1037:is declared every year on
837:(for choir and harp), 1942
782:cantatas for Christmastide
766:wrote 12 noels for organ.
571:Adoration of the shepherds
498:". A tune from a cantata,
42:
29:
4556:
4157:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3918:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3839:The Oxford Book of Carols
3415:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2978:Massacre of the Innocents
2827:
2770:Category:Christmas carols
2666:Z dziejów polskiej kolędy
2478:My little Christmas belle
2243:" The Carol of the Birds"
2110:. London: Triangle/SPCK.
1962:The Oxford Book of Carols
1766:Oxford English Dictionary
1709:
1667:
1235:Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann
1065:, was printed in Orléans.
1063:La Grande Bible des Noëls
1058:'s ship on Christmas Day.
773:Messe de minuit pour Noël
752:King's College, Cambridge
631:Ding Dong Merrily on High
600:Massacre of the Innocents
480:included several carols.
472:Church and liturgical use
320:Carols Old and Carols New
223:
3959:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1742:List of Christmas carols
1200:Tochter Zion, freue dich
1196:Leise rieselt der Schnee
768:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
716:Under the Greenwood Tree
101:Christmas holiday season
79:playing Christmas carols
4121:Small Business Saturday
3991:Black Friday (shopping)
3986:Black Friday (partying)
3480:Nine Lessons and Carols
3410:Events and celebrations
2587:Ashley, Judith (1924).
2174:Encyclopædia Britannica
1438:, and accompanied by C-
1184:O Come, All Ye Faithful
740:Nine Lessons and Carols
702:Encyclopædia Britannica
330:Oxford University Press
236:in the countries where
3765:Post-War United States
2376:The song of the angels
2214:Die deutschen Bischöfe
1762:"2. A Christmas carol"
1501:
1468:Tu scendi dalle stelle
1330:Resurrection of Christ
1328:as a harbinger of the
1257:
1219:Ihr Kinderlein, kommet
1190:("Every year again"),
845:In the Bleak Midwinter
817:Victor Hely-Hutchinson
805:Ralph Vaughan Williams
657:
379:Richard Rodney Bennett
338:Ralph Vaughan Williams
259:
154:) by the Spanish poet
134:Veni redemptor gentium
129:
80:
68:
60:
36:. For other uses, see
3814:Hit singles in the US
3809:Hit singles in the UK
3370:Carols by Candlelight
3298:Santa Claus' daughter
2906:Adoration of the Magi
2396:. – via Trove.
2220:: 24. 8 January 1999.
2104:Dudley-Smith, Timothy
2045:Ethnomusicology Forum
1450:Island, the style is
1314:winter festive season
1290:Kalanta Christougenon
1248:
1163:and "Stille Nacht" ("
1120:are sometimes called
1029:In accordance with a
906:Carols by Candlelight
778:Johann Sebastian Bach
656:
455:The Holly and the Ivy
325:Oxford Book of Carols
308:Henry Ramsden Bramley
251:
122:
74:
66:
58:
4106:Santa's Candy Castle
3430:Google Santa Tracker
2784:at Wikimedia Commons
2724:Український пасічник
2664:Roman Mazurkiewicz,
1913:. : William Beckley.
1642:, being one for the
1619:(by the counties of
1167:") by the Austrians
1124:("shepherd songs").
860:Krzysztof Penderecki
834:A Ceremony of Carols
399:Cottonian Collection
290:. Composers such as
179:Adam of Saint Victor
167:Bernard of Clairvaux
4111:Santa Claus Village
4026:Christmas Mountains
3932:Journey of the Magi
2938:Baptism of the Lord
2756:Christianity portal
2635:Giuseppe Cacciatore
2593:Music & Letters
2529:The Music of Canada
2231:"The Three Drovers"
2195:. 16 December 2005.
1995:The Daily Telegraph
1531:Romanian Revolution
764:Louis-Claude Daquin
616:Good King Wenceslas
602:, for example the "
451:Good King Wenceslas
407:What Child is This?
296:Good King Wenceslas
219:Good King Wenceslas
142:Archbishop of Milan
48:, Op. 8 (Cornelius)
4221:Twelve-dish supper
4071:Jews and Christmas
4021:Christmas Lectures
3750:American Civil War
3485:NORAD Tracks Santa
2861:Saint Nicholas Day
2022:"A Bone, God Wot!"
1828:Carols from King's
1679:Peter J. Wilhousky
1675:Carol of the Bells
1537:Spain and Portugal
1358:Constantinopolitan
1258:
1169:Franz Xaver Gruber
868:Christmas Symphony
855:(1911) and others.
841:Christina Rossetti
787:Christmas Oratorio
758:In classical music
658:
532:Episodes described
429:Carols for dancing
286:' 1833 collection
260:
130:
95:) on the theme of
81:
69:
61:
4576:
4575:
4552:
4551:
4216:Thirteen desserts
4136:Virginia O'Hanlon
3981:Advent Conspiracy
3895:Films (Christmas,
3887:A Christmas Carol
3832:Carols for Choirs
3375:Cavalcade of Magi
3355:Boar's Head Feast
3024:Star of Bethlehem
2995:Nativity of Jesus
2983:flight into Egypt
2868:St. Stephen's Day
2780:Media related to
2768:Works related to
2605:10.1093/ml/V.1.65
2543:978-0-393-02279-7
2444:Yule-tide gavotte
2117:978-0-281-04300-2
2083:USA TODAY College
1683:Mykola Leontovych
1553:Iberian Peninsula
1472:Alphonsus Liguori
1434:practised in the
1427:, in the kind of
1404:dekapentasyllabos
1363:"Byzantine Carol"
1250:Nikiphoros Lytras
1241:Greece and Cyprus
1188:Alle Jahre wieder
1148:" was written by
1136:. He also wrote "
1128:wrote the carol "
680:This Endris Night
673:
589:Visit of the Magi
578:Star of Bethlehem
550:Gabriel's Message
506:Felix Mendelssohn
385:and John Rutter.
350:Carols for Choirs
316:Victorian Britain
276:I Saw Three Ships
186:Francis of Assisi
163:Northern European
33:A Christmas Carol
16:(Redirected from
4606:
4594:Christian genres
4589:Christmas carols
4568:
4564:
4563:
4399:Redcurrant sauce
4188:
4182:
4177:
4151:Winter festivals
3901:Christmas horror
3868:
3779:
3610:
3465:Meals and feasts
3385:Christmas jumper
3332:
3303:Santa's reindeer
3255:
3201:Father Christmas
3165:
3122:Santa's workshop
3043:
3005:in later culture
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2821:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2789:
2782:Christmas carols
2779:
2767:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2735:
2732:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2674:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2495:Star of the East
2489:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2398:
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2387:
2381:
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2363:
2353:
2347:
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2330:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2165:
2159:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1862:. Archived from
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1822:
1816:
1815:Miles, pp. 47–48
1813:
1807:
1806:Miles, pp. 31–37
1804:
1798:
1785:Miles, Clement,
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1758:
1726:Away in a Manger
1711:
1707:
1669:
1562:Pedro de Escobar
1375:High Middle Ages
1306:Baptism of Jesus
1215:Kling, Glöckchen
1118:Weihnachtslieder
1114:Weihnachtslieder
866:, nicknamed the
858:Polish composer
829:Benjamin Britten
797:Weihnachtslieder
784:, including his
723:) and Bulgaria (
675:
674:
655:
624:Feast of Stephen
620:Saint Wenceslaus
582:Star of the East
580:, for example, "
486:Joy to the World
375:Benjamin Britten
359:Reginald Jacques
228:
227:
46:Weihnachtslieder
21:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4548:
4514:Pickled herring
4487:
4456:
4403:
4394:Cranberry sauce
4377:
4356:
4332:Red velvet cake
4317:Poppy seed roll
4235:
4186:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4146:White Christmas
4036:Christmas truce
4031:Christmas seals
4011:Christmas creep
3973:
3971:
3965:
3866:
3860:
3777:
3771:
3608:
3602:
3455:Lord of Misrule
3390:Christmas Peace
3340:Advent calendar
3330:
3324:
3273:Knecht Ruprecht
3253:
3251:
3245:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3045:
3041:
3033:
2958:Herod the Great
2893:
2887:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2647:. Vol. 2.
2633:
2632:
2628:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2544:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2169:"Carol – music"
2167:
2166:
2162:
2150:Thomas Wright,
2149:
2145:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2108:A Flame of Love
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1906:
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1901:
1891:
1889:
1884:
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1801:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1738:
1718:
1701:
1691:Kyiv University
1656:
1644:winter solstice
1574:
1558:Juan del Encina
1539:
1523:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1464:
1399:
1367:Byzantine Greek
1350:
1324:", sung on the
1270:
1265:
1243:
1134:Christmas story
1110:
1104:
1056:Jacques Cartier
1051:
1035:Christmas Peace
1033:tradition, the
1027:
1008:Jean de Brébeuf
993:
938:
913:performers and
911:musical theatre
902:
897:
877:
792:Peter Cornelius
760:
736:Truro Cathedral
697:
696:
688:
686:
685:
684:
683:
676:
669:
666:
659:
653:
648:
591:, for example "
562:, for example "
548:, for example "
534:
474:
447:Personent hodie
439:
431:
395:British Library
383:William Mathias
355:David Willcocks
292:Arthur Sullivan
126:Personent hodie
117:
109:Christmas music
85:Christmas carol
51:
41:
28:
23:
22:
18:Christmas Carol
15:
12:
11:
5:
4612:
4610:
4602:
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4470:
4464:
4462:
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4449:
4448:
4447:
4445:Smoking Bishop
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
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4411:
4409:
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4143:
4133:
4128:
4126:Super Saturday
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4056:Giving Tuesday
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:Christmas club
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3961:
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3928:
3921:
3914:
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3892:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3872:
3870:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:Piae Cantiones
3849:
3842:
3835:
3825:
3819:Music charts (
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3794:
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3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3311:
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3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Père Fouettard
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3254:Saint Nicholas
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:Grandpa Indian
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3174:Saint Nicholas
3170:
3168:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3112:Old Man Winter
3109:
3104:
3099:
3097:Miner's figure
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Kallikantzaros
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3012:Nativity scene
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
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2910:
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2908:
2897:
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2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2847:Children's Day
2843:
2836:
2833:Blue Christmas
2828:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2760:
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2742:External links
2740:
2737:
2736:
2720:(in Ukrainian)
2712:
2694:
2669:
2654:
2626:
2579:
2557:
2555:. (Paperback).
2542:
2518:
2501:
2484:
2467:
2450:
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2416:
2399:
2382:
2365:
2348:
2331:
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2223:
2198:
2180:
2160:
2143:
2123:
2116:
2095:
2070:
2051:(3): 402–423.
2031:
2013:
1979:
1972:
1950:
1936:
1916:
1899:
1877:
1866:on 11 May 2013
1851:
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1648:spring equinox
1582:Cançó de Nadal
1573:
1570:
1538:
1535:
1522:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1482:Main article:
1479:
1476:
1463:
1460:
1398:
1395:
1349:
1346:
1269:
1266:
1242:
1239:
1231:primary school
1177:O du fröhliche
1161:Ernst Anschütz
1150:Friedrich Spee
1144:". The carol "
1103:
1100:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1047:
1026:
1023:
992:
989:
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987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
937:
934:
901:
898:
896:
893:
876:
873:
872:
871:
864:Symphony No. 2
856:
838:
826:
822:Carol Symphony
814:
759:
756:
744:Salvation Army
687:
677:
667:
662:
661:
660:
651:
650:
649:
647:
646:Early examples
644:
643:
642:
627:
608:
607:
604:Coventry Carol
596:
593:We Three Kings
585:
574:
567:
556:
553:
538:birth of Jesus
533:
530:
517:Nikolauskirche
492:Charles Wesley
473:
470:
438:
435:
430:
427:
371:William Walton
367:Piae Cantiones
284:William Sandys
272:The First Noel
225:Adeste Fideles
206:Piae Cantiones
116:
113:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4611:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
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4569:
4559:
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4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
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4492:Meat and fish
4490:
4484:
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4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:Hot chocolate
4428:
4426:
4423:
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4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
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4380:
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4371:
4369:
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4363:
4359:
4353:
4350:
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4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
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4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
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4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Ugly sweaters
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
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4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
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4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:Controversies
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:In literature
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
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3829:
3828:
3826:
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3822:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3793:
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3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
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3747:
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3745:United States
3743:
3741:
3738:
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3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
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3527:
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3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Moravian star
3473:
3471:
3470:Midnight Mass
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
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3441:
3438:
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3428:
3426:
3423:
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3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
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3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Candle arches
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Advent wreath
3348:
3346:
3345:Advent candle
3343:
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3333:
3327:
3321:
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3309:
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3304:
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3286:
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3279:
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3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:Companions of
3248:
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3234:
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3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
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3202:
3199:
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3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:Gift-bringers
3159:
3153:
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3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
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3115:
3113:
3110:
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3075:
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3063:
3060:
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3055:
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3050:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3036:
3030:
3029:Twelfth Night
3027:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Nativity Fast
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:Christmastide
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Angel Gabriel
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:Biblical Magi
2899:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2854:Christmas Eve
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2772:at Wikisource
2771:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2716:
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2627:
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2606:
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2590:
2583:
2580:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:0-393-95376-9
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2530:
2522:
2519:
2514:
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2259:
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2227:
2224:
2219:
2216:(in German).
2215:
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2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:Percy Society
2153:
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2144:
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2138:
2133:
2127:
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2023:
2017:
2014:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1973:9780193533158
1969:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1951:
1939:
1937:9780789003980
1933:
1929:
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1920:
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1911:
1903:
1900:
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1838:9781785940941
1834:
1830:
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1800:
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1795:0-486-23354-5
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1716:United States
1715:
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1708:, Ukrainian:
1705:
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1615:mountains in
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1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1496:. Carollers (
1495:
1491:
1485:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:are strictly
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1406:(15-syllable
1405:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1354:Peloponnesian
1347:
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1333:
1331:
1327:
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1315:
1311:
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1166:
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1153:
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1139:
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1131:
1127:
1126:Martin Luther
1123:
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1115:
1109:
1101:
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1040:
1039:Christmas Eve
1036:
1032:
1024:
1022:
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4452:Ponche crema
4287:Melomakarono
4155:
4046:Cyber Monday
3951:
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3885:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3827:Music books
3820:
3786:
3658:Nazi Germany
3550:
3546:Secret Santa
3533:
3420:Flying Santa
3127:Tió de Nadal
3077:Korvatunturi
2928:Annunciation
2894:Christianity
2875:Sol Invictus
2722:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2681:
2672:
2657:
2642:
2629:
2599:(1): 65–71.
2596:
2592:
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2566:"Joulurauha"
2560:
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2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:
2073:
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2034:
2025:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1993:
1982:
1961:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1926:
1919:
1909:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1827:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1786:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:
1756:
1722:Jingle Bells
1719:
1695:Generous Eve
1672:
1657:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1629:Christianity
1604:
1602:
1585:
1581:
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1548:
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1540:
1524:
1511:
1487:
1465:
1400:
1389:(modern-day
1378:
1370:
1351:
1342:O Tannenbaum
1338:Silent Night
1334:
1310:River Jordan
1285:
1281:
1271:
1262:Kalanta (EP)
1253:
1227:Kindergarten
1208:
1181:
1165:Silent Night
1157:O Tannenbaum
1154:
1122:Hirtenlieder
1121:
1117:
1116:). Pastoral
1113:
1111:
1089:
1084:O Holy Night
1069:
1062:
1028:
994:
920:
903:
885:star singers
878:
875:Star singers
867:
853:Harold Darke
849:Gustav Holst
832:
820:
808:
795:
785:
771:
761:
733:
714:
711:Thomas Hardy
700:
698:
641:at Christmas
639:church bells
609:
546:Annunciation
535:
513:Silent Night
510:
499:
490:
477:
475:
463:
440:
432:
419:Dial-A-Carol
416:
411:sociological
403:Greensleeves
387:
348:
346:
323:
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312:John Stainer
303:
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149:
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104:
84:
82:
52:
45:
32:
4519:Roast goose
4440:Mulled wine
4420:Champurrado
4415:Apple cider
4389:Bread sauce
4342:Szaloncukor
4322:Pumpkin pie
4272:Gingerbread
4226:Smörgåsbord
3867:Other media
3705:Philippines
3695:New Zealand
3578:Twelve Days
3535:Räuchermann
3490:Nutcrackers
3440:Las Posadas
3400:Decorations
3380:Christingle
3320:Zwarte Piet
3315:Snegurochka
3236:Sinterklaas
3186:Santa Claus
2727: [
2662:(in Polish)
2245:, ingeb.org
2088:24 February
1870:22 November
1702: [
1699:shchedrivka
1584:(in plural
1525:During the
1478:Philippines
1393:, Turkey).
1173:Joseph Mohr
1021:in Canada.
997:Huron Carol
889:Three Kings
482:Isaac Watts
466:Alfred Burt
459:Middle Ages
363:John Rutter
334:Martin Shaw
264:music books
234:Reformation
190:John Awdlay
103:. The term
91:(a song or
4599:Song forms
4583:Categories
4247:Candy cane
4196:Joulupöytä
4096:Pikkujoulu
3760:New Mexico
3609:By country
3583:Wassailing
3524:Poinsettia
3331:Traditions
3283:Mrs. Claus
3263:Belsnickel
3216:Julemanden
3211:Joulupukki
3142:Wenceslaus
3107:North Pole
3072:Jack Frost
3062:Christkind
3017:Neapolitan
2840:Boxing Day
1943:11 October
1748:References
1613:Pedraforca
1544:villancico
1425:pentatonic
1106:See also:
1015:missionary
895:By country
748:brass band
729:wassailing
692:media help
501:Festgesang
391:wassailing
238:Protestant
198:wassailers
194:Shropshire
173:of rhymed
156:Prudentius
77:brass band
4534:Tourtière
4524:Romeritos
4461:Dumplings
4408:Beverages
4312:Pecan pie
4302:Panettone
4297:Pampushka
4292:Mince pie
4267:Fruitcake
4211:Réveillon
4091:NFL games
4086:NBA games
4081:In August
4051:Economics
3821:Billboard
3675:Indonesia
3618:Australia
3593:Yule goat
3568:Stockings
3502:Ornaments
3231:Père Noël
3226:Olentzero
3221:Noel Baba
3196:Ded Moroz
3152:Yule Lads
3092:Mari Lwyd
2943:Bethlehem
2820:Christmas
2703:"Koliada"
2613:0027-4224
2154:(London:
2065:143629912
2006:4 October
1844:7 October
1771:1 January
1687:Shchedryk
1664:Ukrainian
1640:caramella
1617:Catalonia
1598:shepherds
1549:vilancete
1502:Namamaskô
1456:mandolins
1440:clarinets
1432:polyphony
1302:St. Basil
1274:triangles
1001:Christmas
909:singers,
843:'s poem "
713:'s novel
707:macaronic
526:Methodist
521:Oberndorf
97:Christmas
4567:Category
4538:meat pie
4529:Stuffing
4483:Varenyky
4352:Yule log
4327:Qurabiya
4201:Julebord
4174:Food and
4101:SantaCon
4066:El Gordo
3953:Yule Log
3725:Scotland
3638:Ethiopia
3623:Colombia
3598:Yule log
3552:Spanbaum
3529:Pyramids
3395:Crackers
3293:Sack Man
3179:folklore
3147:Yule cat
3052:Badalisc
3042:folklore
2953:Epiphany
2649:Treccani
2637:(1960).
2572:12 March
2106:(1987).
2000:Archived
1892:12 March
1736:See also
1710:щедрівка
1660:kolyadka
1609:Montseny
1594:Epiphany
1490:Catholic
1452:tempered
1415:example
1348:Variants
1298:Nativity
1278:Epiphany
1096:Provence
1031:medieval
881:Epiphany
851:(1905),
725:koledari
528:hymnal.
453:", and "
443:medieval
310:and Sir
171:sequence
146:Arianism
4473:Pierogi
4468:Hallaca
4373:Borscht
4337:Stollen
4307:Pavlova
4282:Makówki
4262:Cozonac
4231:Wigilia
4116:Scrooge
4076:In July
3974:society
3906:Poetry
3740:Ukraine
3715:Romania
3680:Ireland
3670:Iceland
3665:Hungary
3653:Germany
3643:Finland
3633:England
3628:Denmark
3588:Windows
3519:Piñatas
3507:Parades
3460:Markets
3445:Letters
3435:Hampers
3278:Krampus
3117:Perchta
3057:Caganer
2687:1 March
2682:AP NEWS
2158:, 1847)
1797:, p. 32
1697:carol (
1668:колядки
1654:Ukraine
1586:nadales
1521:Romania
1498:Tagalog
1494:history
1444:fiddles
1436:Balkans
1412:caesura
1410:with a
1385:in the
1383:Kotyora
1340:" and "
1322:Lazarus
1308:in the
1294:calends
1286:Kalanda
1282:Kalanta
1140:" and "
1025:Finland
930:brolgas
825:, 1927.
813:, 1912.
721:colindă
633:" and "
298:" and "
278:" and "
243:Puritan
217:" and "
175:stanzas
169:into a
138:Ambrose
115:History
4544:Turkey
4478:Tamale
4435:Kissel
4425:Eggnog
4382:Sauces
4368:Menudo
4347:Turrón
4257:Cookie
4240:Sweets
4206:Kūčios
4187:Dinner
4061:Grinch
3972:modern
3939:Tomten
3898:Santa,
3881:novels
3799:Operas
3787:Carols
3755:Hawaii
3735:Sweden
3730:Serbia
3720:Russia
3710:Poland
3700:Norway
3690:Mexico
3648:France
3563:Stamps
3558:Szopka
3450:Lights
3405:Didukh
3241:Others
3191:Befana
3137:Vertep
3000:in art
2968:Joseph
2918:Advent
2621:726261
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1605:Nadala
1592:until
1590:Advent
1578:Nadala
1508:Poland
1421:Epirus
1417:carols
1387:Pontos
1318:Lenten
1268:Custom
1256:, 1872
1254:Carols
1049:France
1043:Porvoo
1012:Jesuit
991:Canada
4277:Kutia
4176:drink
3804:Songs
3778:Music
3685:Italy
3541:Seals
3495:dolls
3425:Gifts
3365:Cards
3268:Elves
3132:Turoń
3102:Nisse
3067:Grýla
2963:Jesus
2731:]
2617:JSTOR
2210:(PDF)
2061:S2CID
1888:. BBC
1706:]
1621:Osona
1462:Italy
1448:Corfu
1429:drone
1419:from
1300:, to
995:The "
504:, by
437:Music
89:carol
87:is a
4499:Carp
4361:Soup
4252:Cake
4163:Xmas
3792:list
3573:Tree
3512:list
2973:Mary
2882:Yule
2689:2022
2609:ISSN
2574:2021
2549:ISBN
2538:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2090:2016
2008:2016
1968:ISBN
1945:2016
1932:ISBN
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1872:2010
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