2849:
sunset. Since according to the first opinion, the day begins approximately 72 minutes before sunrise and ends approximately 72 minutes after sunset (and according to the variant understanding of this opinion, ends approximately 13½ or 18 minutes after sunset), or begins at sunrise and ends at sunrise according to the second opinion, by collecting the total number of minutes in any given day and dividing the total number of minutes by 12, the quotient that one is left with is the number of minutes to each hour. In summer months, when the days are long, the length of each hour during daytime can be quite long depending on one's latitude, whereas the length of each hour during nighttime can be quite short again depending on one's latitude. It should also be noted that according to those opinions that the 72 minutes are computed according to 16.1 degrees, the further one goes from the
2741:("break of dawn"). Nevertheless, this is the opinion of Tosafot, the Rashba, the Ritva, the Ra'ah, the Terumat ha-deshen, the Bach, the Eliyah Rabba, and the Pri Chadash regarding all of the times of the day. Usually this time is computed using daybreak as 72 minutes before sunrise - or more accurately using when the sun is 16.1 degrees below the horizon, as it is in Jerusalem at the equinox 72 minutes before sunrise - before sunrise, and nightfall as 72 minutes after sunset. However, the common practice in Jerusalem (following the Tucazinsky luach) is to compute it using 20 degrees (90 minutes at the equinox).
2788:, a man walks a biblical mile in 24 minutes, meaning, three quarters of a mile is done in 18 minutes. In Jewish law, the short period of dusk or twilight (from the moment the sun has disappeared over the horizon until the appearance of the first three stars) is a space of time whose designation is doubtful, partly considered day and partly considered night. When the first medium-size star appears in the night sky, it is still considered day; when the second star appears, it is an ambiguous case. When the third star appears, it is the beginning of the
5873:
3740:, a quarter of the day (a third of the hours), and the latest time of the prayer, a third of the day (four hours), and the latest time eating leaven on the eve of Passover, a third of the day, and the burning of leaven in another relative hour – all from sunrise until sunset. ...The practice is to be stringent in accordance with the Vilna Gaon's method when it comes to the latest time
4616:, a quarter of the day (a third of the hours), and the latest time of the prayer, a third of the day (four hours), and the latest time eating leaven on the eve of Passover, a third of the day, and the burning of leaven in another relative hour – all from sunrise until sunset. ...The practice is to be stringent in accordance with the Vilna Gaon's method when it comes to the latest time
2708:, the sun can sometimes be directly overhead). From the 6th and a half hour to the 12th hour, the sun inclines towards the west, until it sets. The conclusion of a day at the end of twilight may slightly vary in minutes from place to place, depending on the elevation and the terrain. Typically, nightfall ushers in more quickly in the low-lying valleys, than it does on a high mountaintop.
2975:
5883:
2760:), that is to say, approximately 72 minutes before sunrise, and the end of the day commencing shortly after sunset when the first three medium-size stars have appeared in the night sky. From the moment of sunset when the sun is no longer visible until the appearance of the first three medium-size stars is a unit of time called evening
3978:
is a case of doubt whether it is day or night, and they treat it with stringency in every place, the estimation of which time being approximately one-third of an hour after sunset (18 minutes), being from the moment the sun has completely gone down until the appearance of three stars, just as it has
2848:
of astral science and of precise astronomical calculations, it is now possible to determine the length of the ever-changing hour by simple mathematics. To determine the length of each relative hour, one needs but simply know two variables: (a) the precise time of sunrise, and (b) the precise time of
2428:
law that assigns 12 hours to each day and 12 hours to each night, all throughout the year. A relative hour has no fixed length in absolute time, but changes with the length of daylight each day - depending on summer (when the days are long and the nights are short), and in winter (when the days are
2643:
as "from the moment that the entire circle of the sun sets until there appear three medium-sized stars." The duration of this time is generally held to be about 12 minutes, but which, with respect to the
Sabbath day, is given a more stringent application, namely, 13.5 minutes after sunset.
2615:
which, as a first resort, must be recited when a person rises from his sleep in the morning, a time that is traditionally linked with sunrise, and continuing thereafter until the beginning of the 4th hour of the day, or, for example, when burning leaven on the 14th day of the lunar month
4369:(990–1062), and who all thought that twilight was a fixed time for all, but that the people of Tiberias and Sepphoris were merely stringent in their religious practices, the one group welcoming the Sabbath early, while the other departing from it as late as possible.
2670:
of a biblical mile, a time which
Maimonides estimates at about 18 minutes (temporal hours), according to what they have understood from the words of Maimonides, namely, that a person traverses a biblical mile in 24 minutes. This was the custom of the cities of
2792:
of the night. Between the break of dawn and the first three medium-size stars that appear in the night sky there are always 12 hours. This version of this opinion is followed by many
Sephardic communities. Nevertheless, Rabbi Yehosef Schwartz, Rabbi
3619:
We have reckoned the day from the rise of dawn, since it says in Ezra 'from the break of dawn until the stars came out' (Nehemiah 4:15 ). Now he called this 'day', when he said of it, 'in the night they were unto us a guard, while the day
2683:
In old times, the hour was detected by observation of the position of the sun, or when the first three stars appeared in the night sky. During the first six hours of the day, the sun is seen in the eastern sky. At the
2833:
period into twelve parts. This is also the opinion of Rav Nisim Gaon, Rav Saadya Gaon, Rav Hai Gaon, Rabbeinu
Chananel, Maimonides, Rabbeinu Yonah, and the Levush. In Roman times, these daylight hours were known as
3566:
At sunrise, the principal part of the day begins, and it is one's duty to pray when the sun comes out, as it says: 'They shall fear you while the sun endures' (Psalm 72:5). Even though the break of dawn
2809:
and many others reject this opinion because it causes "midday" to be at a time when the sun is not at its highest point, and the Talmud says explicitly that the sun is at its highest point at noon (Heb.
2429:
short and the nights are long). Even so, in all seasons a day is always divided into 12 hours, and a night is always divided into 12 hours, which invariably makes for a longer hour or a shorter hour. At
3575:, as a first resort, the principal part of day is reckoned from the moment the rays of the sun appear and the majority of people have risen at that hour, for we call 'and when you rise up' (Deut. 6:7)
1036:
2955:, etc." (roughly corresponding to 3 o'clock pm to 5 o'clock pm). Conversely, the Mishnah states that on the eve of Passover the daily whole-burnt offering was slaughtered at a half past the
4357:# 186). Apparently, there is a local phenomenon relating to light emanating from fixed stars in the sky, and their becoming visible once a certain level of darkness has enveloped the land.
2607:), which is about 72 minutes before sunrise, yet, for practical reasons in some biblically related commandments, some scholars begin counting the hours of the day from sunrise (Heb.
4330:): "In Tiberias, which was situated in a valley, the Sabbath commenced rather earlier, whilst in Sepphoris, which was on a mountain, it terminated rather later than elsewhere." (v.
1614:
1269:
964:
1156:
4539:, which is the time it takes to walk three quarters of a biblical mile). The opinion of Rabbi Chaim Azulai comes to counter a variant opinion that is also found in the Talmud (
4450:
This is the opinion of Rabbi Nathan Adler (brought by Rabbi
Yehosef Schwartz in Divrei Yosef 59b, who himself rejects this opinion), Ben Ish Hai (Year 1 Vayakehel 4:8), Rabbi
2580:. This division of time allowed the work of the day -such as eating, praying, or working -to always be performed at the same (temporal) hour, regardless of season (
2733:) to nightfall, and divides that period into twelve parts. Although this is known as the opinion of the Magen Avraham, he only says it explicitly with regards to the
2364:
128:
1151:
2881:
of the day, a time that actually fluctuates on the standard 12-hour clock, depending on the time of year. Its application is also used in determining the time of the
2639:, has been discussed by Talmudic scholars in great detail. Some describe the time as when the evening sky turns a silverish-grey color. The same time is described by
1399:
4632:
4083:
3756:
3054:
1653:
2814:). These poskim thus insist that even if one would rule according to the Geonim with regards to the emergence of stars, the time of the day are computed using
638:
601:
6378:
3003:
1577:
1600:
5482:
5318:
950:
2357:
1527:
1462:
1344:
6292:
4947:
3177:
2515:
when the length of the day and the length of the night are at their greatest disparity, both day and night are always divided into 12 hours.
648:
1086:
4341:
Freedman's description of twilight being, literally, an oscillating physical reality dependent upon one's location is supported by Rabbi
2476:
according to many
Halachic authorities, and with sunrise according to others. Midnight (12:00 am local official clock time) was also the
1354:
1171:
1161:
401:
6093:
2927:, a compendium of Jewish oral laws compiled in the late 2nd-century CE, says of the morning daily offering that it was offered in the
1750:
1700:
1665:
1359:
1224:
1091:
6453:
5919:
3482:
3470:
2784:, a man traverses a biblical mile in 18 minutes, meaning, one is able to walk three quarters of a mile in 13½ minutes. According to
2350:
1442:
1404:
1379:
1299:
1284:
1131:
1071:
1026:
3232:
Be apprised that all of the hours that are mentioned throughout all the
Mishnah are none other than relative hours, and the word
1735:
1717:
1623:
1517:
1369:
1364:
1289:
1254:
1121:
2889:, but post facto can be said until noon time, and which times will vary if one were to rely solely on the dials of the standard
6478:
5432:
5087:
4057:
3013:
2729:
58:1) holds that because one may do "daytime" activities between daybreak and nightfall, one calculates the day from daybreak (
2253:
2152:
1707:
1690:
1643:
1542:
1452:
1389:
1339:
1319:
1314:
1234:
1208:
1183:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1021:
1016:
5311:
3736:, is that in all the halachic matters touching on the hours , we reckon from sunrise until sunset, such as the latest time
2480:
of the night, which, depending on summer or winter, can come before or after 12:00 am local official clock time, whereas the
1726:
1712:
1680:
1660:
1628:
1572:
1547:
1522:
1502:
1492:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1447:
1437:
1432:
1409:
1324:
1309:
1229:
1188:
1141:
1136:
1056:
1001:
4612:, is that in all the halachic matters touching on the hours , we reckon from sunset until sunset, such as the latest time
2620:, which must be burnt in the 6th hour of the day when counting from sunrise. At this time, the sun is nearly at its apex.
6254:
2545:
2147:
1685:
1670:
1633:
1595:
1567:
1557:
1552:
1537:
1532:
1512:
1497:
1482:
1457:
1423:
1394:
1294:
1279:
1203:
1193:
1111:
1081:
1006:
992:
628:
6317:
6098:
5394:
4686:
3385:
2825:
holds that although "daytime" activities can start as early as daybreak and end as late as nightfall, their proper time
1755:
1675:
1638:
1562:
1507:
1374:
1349:
1274:
1249:
1239:
1178:
1101:
1096:
1076:
1066:
1046:
1031:
924:
392:
387:
4209:
5685:
4595:
3933:
3777:
3719:
3549:
2919:, writing about the daily whole-burnt offering, says that it was offered twice each day, in the morning and about the
2523:
Temporal hours were common in many cultures. A division of day and night into twelve hours each was first recorded in
1745:
1740:
1695:
1648:
1334:
1304:
1264:
1259:
1116:
422:
5597:
6463:
6362:
5037:
5017:
2219:
2064:
1772:
1166:
362:
352:
88:
709:
6473:
6234:
6193:
6103:
6049:
5748:
5477:
5027:
4940:
4585:
4350:
3709:
2794:
2333:
2026:
1877:
1818:
6406:
5447:
4514:
3769:
3347:
2931:, but says of the late afternoon offering: "The daily whole-burnt offering was slaughtered at a half after the
2693:
2036:
2016:
1126:
606:
147:
2772:). In the Talmud, twilight is estimated at being the time that it takes a person to walk three quarters of a
6336:
6265:
6248:
6172:
5703:
5354:
4860:
3784:
and for the prayer begin from the break of dawn, rather than from sunrise. This view was also held by Rabbi
2947:), Josephus writes: "...their feast which is called the Passover, when they slay their sacrifices, from the
2177:
2167:
2132:
2011:
2001:
1784:
955:
897:
731:
410:
367:
82:
6468:
6401:
6179:
6030:
5057:
3287:
2536:
2296:
2031:
1945:
1011:
563:
182:
152:
558:
6088:
5912:
5518:
5463:
5417:
5402:
5047:
3798:
2802:
2700:, the sun at noon time will appear overhead slightly towards the south, whereas for those living in the
2187:
2182:
2127:
1915:
830:
545:
440:
157:
6448:
6305:
5769:
5738:
5187:
5082:
4933:
2912:
2581:
2258:
2210:
1950:
1808:
621:
486:
475:
433:
6458:
6342:
6000:
5643:
5102:
5062:
4318:
118b) we read: Rabbi Jose has said: “Let my portion be with those who usher in the
Sabbath day in
4228:
Commentary of
Rabbeinu Saʻīd ben David al-ʻAdeni (On the Mishneh Torah of Maimonides, Sefer Ahavah)
3541:
3463:
Hieratische Papyri aus
Tebtunis I (Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Ancient Eastern Studies Copenhagen)
2701:
2697:
2528:
2311:
684:
551:
454:
447:
377:
265:
140:
4203:
3082:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1 (2 ed.). Jerusalem: Meḳize Nirdamim / Rubin Mass. pp. 251–255 (
2704:, the sun at noon time will appear overhead slightly towards the north (an exception being in the
6130:
6025:
5995:
5592:
5570:
5437:
5261:
5232:
5167:
5160:
4626:
4077:
3750:
3311:
3048:
2798:
2162:
2112:
2059:
2054:
1968:
1838:
1106:
935:
694:
614:
468:
34:
2484:
of the night always begins after sunset, when the first three stars appeared in the night sky.
6124:
6017:
5955:
5673:
5552:
5452:
5305:
5208:
5112:
4599:
4506:
4342:
4326:.” This has been explained by Aaron Mordechai Freedman (editor of the 1987 Soncino edition of
4311:
4284:
4268:
4231:
4163:
4159:
4136:
4110:
4065:
4026:
4022:
3994:
3965:
3941:
3888:
3871:
3814:
3723:
3675:
3667:
3610:
3602:
3557:
3520:
3493:
3478:
3466:
3319:
3295:
3223:
3215:
3173:
3167:
3128:
3120:
3087:
3036:
3008:
2940:
2588:
2504:
2430:
2306:
2248:
2228:
2045:
1605:
1244:
704:
575:
505:
382:
295:
162:
5886:
3964:(in Hebrew). Translated by Pinḥas ben Yosef Ḳoraḥ. Ḳiryat Sefer: Mekhon Marʻeh. p. 253.
3236:
has the connotation of those hours wherein there are twelve in the daytime, as also at night.
2853:, the longer it will get, such that in northern latitudes it could become 2 hours or longer.
6426:
6412:
6330:
6241:
6152:
5905:
5791:
5779:
5607:
5575:
5407:
5276:
5192:
5182:
5097:
4911:
4525:, who wrote: "The world has it as a practice in all the Diaspora communities of Israel the
4366:
4301:
261:2:23), otherwise known as the time it takes to walk "three quarters of a biblical mile."
4048:
4036:
3999:
3923:
3906:
3434:
3369:
3271:
3251:
3145:
2425:
2276:
2157:
2117:
2081:
1779:
1329:
840:
596:
500:
415:
305:
97:
6419:
5853:
5718:
5695:
5663:
5615:
5602:
5565:
5547:
5177:
5172:
4489:
4346:
2998:
2897:
2765:
2753:
2628:
2577:
2559:
2512:
2508:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2238:
2197:
2192:
2172:
2094:
2088:
2021:
1973:
1813:
1794:
945:
674:
586:
569:
113:
17:
6311:
6271:
2776:(i.e. 1,500 cubits, insofar that a biblical mile is equal to 2,000 cubits). According to
2829:
is from sunrise to sunset, so one calculates the day from sunrise to sunset and divides
60:
6349:
6299:
6186:
5971:
5947:
5796:
5786:
5585:
5457:
5427:
5412:
5197:
5155:
5150:
5022:
4825:
4451:
4362:
4289:
4004:
3880:
3853:
3692:
3361:
3279:
3018:
2993:
2980:
2640:
2563:
2532:
2338:
2137:
2006:
1992:
1872:
1851:
1828:
1823:
1801:
1789:
1384:
865:
799:
764:
742:
679:
517:
495:
357:
336:
312:
78:
6442:
5939:
5876:
5826:
5774:
5708:
5680:
5668:
5658:
5648:
5530:
5374:
5300:
5249:
5202:
5117:
5072:
5067:
5000:
4893:
4535:(twilight; nightfall), so that immediately following sunset begins the time known as
3836:
3781:
3631:
2890:
2835:
2806:
2773:
2718:
2524:
2500:
2457:
2286:
2281:
1487:
1414:
940:
789:
784:
779:
769:
747:
699:
461:
300:
205:
167:
118:
3396:
93c of R. Yisrael Ya'akov Algazi, among others. Rabbi Yechiel Michel Tukachinsky in
2744:
Another variation of this opinion is to consider the day as beginning at daybreak (
2587:
The earliest reference to the use of temporal hours in Jewish literature comes from
6141:
5963:
5848:
5842:
5508:
5442:
5364:
5295:
5244:
5092:
5032:
4808:
4199:
4181:
4128:
4102:
3962:
Perush Rabenu Saʻid n. Daṿid al-ʻAdani ʻal Mishneh Torah leha-Rambam (Sefer Ahavah)
3937:
3858:
3377:
3327:
2873:
2734:
2692:
in the sky, meaning, it is either directly overhead, or parallel (depending on the
2645:
2316:
2142:
1983:
1978:
1936:
1889:
983:
850:
835:
794:
759:
372:
214:
2635:
The precise, intermediate time between day and night, or what is termed in Hebrew
5897:
3455:
Temporaluhren: Die Suche nach mechanischen Uhren, die mit Temporalstunden liefen.
6136:
6006:
5987:
5979:
5858:
5836:
5743:
5728:
5523:
5503:
5493:
5422:
5379:
5359:
5288:
5107:
5009:
4790:
4768:
4562:
4467:
3785:
3663:
3598:
3356:
3303:
3291:
3211:
3116:
2631:: One star is certainly day; two is a doubtful case; three is certainly night.
2570:
2301:
2243:
1908:
814:
809:
804:
774:
6278:
6146:
5753:
5653:
5560:
5535:
5338:
5122:
4188:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem: Mekhon "Meʼor Yiśraʼel". pp. 264–ff.
3831:
3652:
3587:
3414:
3255:
3200:
3105:
3075:
2970:
2845:
2822:
2785:
2777:
2653:
2592:
1959:
973:
902:
860:
689:
669:
228:
135:
55:
4682:
4603:
4235:
4167:
4069:
4030:
3969:
3945:
3892:
3818:
3727:
3679:
3614:
3561:
3400:(p. 18:3) has written that the custom of the Land of Israel is to follow the
3227:
3132:
3040:
2456:
Another feature of this ancient practice is that, unlike the standard modern
27:
Hebrew term ascribed to an hour of a 12-hour day and how it is to be reckoned
5816:
5733:
5369:
5281:
5256:
5237:
5127:
4323:
4140:
4114:
3091:
2882:
2574:
2122:
2107:
1197:
1145:
907:
855:
845:
526:
522:
512:
427:
187:
4109:(in Hebrew). Vol. 3. Jerusalem: Mekhon "Meʼor Yiśraʼel". p. 140.
2871:
practices. For example, according to Jewish law, the morning recitation of
875:
4378:
Tosefot and Tosefot Rash mi-Shantz Pesachim 11b and Tosefot Sanhedrin 41b.
4135:(in Hebrew). Vol. 5. Jerusalem: Mekhon "Meʼor Yiśraʼel". p. 59.
6218:
6082:
5384:
5145:
5137:
4995:
4985:
4855:
4319:
3422:
2916:
2867:
2761:
2603:
The prevailing opinion is that each day begins at the rise of dawn (Heb.
2291:
1901:
1833:
664:
172:
123:
4620:, and the prayer, and when it comes to eating and burning the leaven .
3744:, and the prayer, and when it comes to eating and burning the leaven .
3404:
and only under extenuating circumstances may one rely on the Vilna Gaon.
5929:
5723:
5713:
5635:
5626:
5611:
5513:
5498:
5343:
5266:
4975:
3657:
3592:
3505:
3205:
3110:
2924:
2901:
2862:
2850:
2705:
2496:
2446:
2267:
2233:
2102:
1896:
885:
880:
752:
643:
538:
534:
530:
279:
274:
251:
233:
108:
103:
93:
71:
46:
3887:. Jerusalem: Makor Ltd. p. 31a (Pesach), column 122, section 74.
2573:
era. They had particular relevance in the fixed daily schedule of the
6384:
6356:
6323:
6212:
6119:
6075:
6068:
6059:
6043:
6036:
5821:
4980:
4527:
4361:, however, differs in view, whose opinion is supported also by Rabbi
2988:
2911:
In Jewish tradition, prayers were usually offered at the time of the
2689:
2567:
2507:), the length of a day and night are equal. However, even during the
2450:
2381:
1927:
1922:
1882:
1867:
978:
870:
290:
256:
242:
177:
4608:
The opinion of our Rabbi, the Vilna Gaon, as well as of many other
4589:
3927:
3732:
The opinion of our Rabbi, the Vilna Gaon, as well as of many other
3713:
3571:) is considered day for all things, just as we say in chapter 2 of
2453:, or in other rabbinic writings, refer strictly to relative hours.
6285:
6166:
6159:
5831:
5580:
5271:
5227:
5219:
4358:
3528:
3501:
3421:("Elucidations of the Gra") §459:2, but also the opinion of Rabbi
2944:
2908:
of the day, and must be disposed of by the end of the fifth hour.
2672:
2617:
890:
319:
223:
192:
4230:(in Hebrew). Kiryat Sefer: Mekhon Mar'eh. p. 243 (note 25).
2748:), reckoning the "first hour" of the day with the rise of
4970:
4956:
4547:
between sunset and nightfall, an opinion not as widely accepted.
2877:
must be made between slightly before sunrise and the end of the
2749:
2623:
The commencement of nightfall is not as divisive in Jewish law:
2473:
2461:
42:
5901:
4929:
3897:, a facsimile, printed from the first Venice edition (MS. 1546)
2464:
time, in the ancient Jewish tradition noon time was always the
2865:, the practical bearing of this teaching is reflected in many
4349:(c. 1479–1573) , as also by Rabbi Hayyim Eliezer, the son of
3960:
Al-ʻAdani, Saʻid ben Daṿid (2009). Zephaniah Sharʻabi (ed.).
2885:, which must be recited between sunrise until the end of the
2818:
in order to make midday when the sun is at its highest point.
4353:(13th century), who also compiled a book called "Or Zarua" (
2527:. A similar division of day and night was later made in the
4521:(Orah Hayyim, § 261:1), Levorno 1774, citing the author of
2711:
There are two major opinions how to calculate these times:
2550:
3809:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Mekhon "Lev Sameach". p. 53 (
3803:
Rabbeinu Ḥananel bar Ḥushiʼel's Commentary on the Talmud (
3475:
Zeit und Kultur. Geschichte des Zeitbewusstseins in Europa
3459:
Jahresschrift der deutschen Gesellschaft für Chronometrie.
3548:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Halberstadt: H. Meyer. p.
4334:, Tractate Shabbath, Soncino edition, London 1987, s.v.
3033:
She'harim La'Luah Ha'ivry (Gates to the Hebrew Calendar)
2943:
on the eve of Passover (the 14th day of the lunar month
4925:
4249:
Sefer Ravid ha-Zahav of Rabbi David Mishreqi (Mizrachi)
4226:
Al-ʻAdeni, Saʻīd ben David (2009). Pinhas Qorah (ed.).
4543:
94a), where it states that a man is able to walk four
4765:
Mishnah - with a Commentary of Rabbi Moses ben Maimon
4464:
Mishnah - with a Commentary of Rabbi Moses ben Maimon
3425:
and many other authorities cited in the next section.
3035:(in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv. p. 96 (Relative hours).
2397:
2385:
1906:
1887:
310:
6394:
6371:
6204:
6112:
6058:
6016:
5938:
5809:
5762:
5694:
5634:
5624:
5546:
5473:
5393:
5334:
5218:
5136:
5046:
5008:
4994:
4963:
4771:), vol. 1, Mossad Harav Kook: Jerusalem 1963, s.v.
4470:), vol. 1, Mossad Harav Kook: Jerusalem 1963, s.v.
4156:
The Customs of the Land of Israel (מנהגי ארץ-ישראל)
4019:
The Customs of the Land of Israel (מנהגי ארץ-ישראל)
2939:." Elsewhere, when describing the slaughter of the
4840:Rabbeinu Hananel's Commentary on Tractate Berakhot
2433:latitude, one hour can be about 45 minutes at the
4885:
4883:
4322:, and with those who dismiss the Sabbath day in
3780:that the hours three and four prescribed for the
3449:
3447:
4365:(1249–1306) Langa's Edition, p. 460, and Rabbi
4332:Hebrew-English Edition of the Babylonian Talmud
2652:to be 58.5 minutes. A third opinion is that of
4896:), Oxford University Press: Oxford 1977, s.v.
3776:, is one exception to this rule, who wrote in
5913:
4941:
4733:
4731:
4251:, ed. Shimon Giat, Betar-Ilit 2002, Responsa
2358:
8:
3465:. Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 1998,
2737:because the time for that mitzvah begins at
2403:
2391:
4221:
4219:
602:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
5920:
5906:
5898:
5631:
5005:
4948:
4934:
4926:
4842:(ed. David Metzger), Jerusalem 1990, s.v.
4631:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4082:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3755:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3053:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3004:Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement
2365:
2351:
2215:
1856:
929:
736:
341:
210:
29:
3461:Band 51, 2012, S. 143–160; Jürgen Osing:
4663:Mishnas Rabbi Aharan, Volume 1, Siman 2.
4493:, Book 4, Warsaw 1882 (reprinted), s.v.
3662:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Translated by
3597:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Translated by
3210:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Translated by
3115:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Translated by
2627:Rabbi Pinchas said in the name of Rabbi
5991:(Stumbling block in front of the blind)
3932:(in Hebrew). Istanbul: Kushṭa. p.
3342:§433 of R. Yehudah Ayash; the Responsa
3067:
2904:can only be eaten until the end of the
2266:
2218:
2044:
1991:
1958:
1935:
1859:
1725:
1613:
1587:
1422:
1216:
991:
963:
822:
656:
585:
485:
400:
344:
264:
241:
213:
41:
4624:
4075:
3748:
3046:
4737:Beginning of 4th chapter of Berakhot.
4707:Brought in Shu"t Mahara"m Alshaker 96
2935:, and offered up at a half after the
2611:), such as for the recital of
7:
5882:
4654:Minchas Yitzchak, Volume 4, Siman 53
4531:" (i.e. with respect to the time of
4454:(Maamar Mordechai 233:2) and others.
3477:. Westdeutscher Vlg, Wiesbaden 1980,
3290:, in the name of Tosefot Ha-Ramban (
2959:, and offered up at a half past the
2591:, and, later, elaborated further by
2441:. All of the hours mentioned by the
3699:(Orach Chayim, sections 233:1, 266)
3334:4a of R. Mordechai Chaim Meyuchas;
2769:
2757:
2404:
2392:
6293:Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah
4092:# 1353 (reprinted in Israel, n.d.)
4064:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Warsaw.
3354:18:38 of R. Alter Yechiel Naiman;
25:
4725:Brought it Mordechai Berakhot #90
4594:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem. pp.
3718:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem. pp.
2535:into twelve temporal hours each (
393:Historical population comparisons
6266:One commandment leads to another
5881:
5872:
5871:
4689:from the original on 5 June 2015
3169:Roman Pompeii: Space and Society
2973:
1037:Democratic Republic of the Congo
951:Historical population by country
3979:been explained in chapter 5 of
3172:. Routledge. pp. 104–112.
3014:Traditional Chinese timekeeping
2696:). Those persons living in the
2460:that assigns 12 o'clock pm for
5975:(Sanctification of God's name)
4716:Siddur Rav Saadya Gaon page 26
4208:(in Hebrew). Vienna. pp.
2648:, disputing, held the time of
1:
4060:(1882). Aharon Wolden (ed.).
3801:(1990). David Metsger (ed.).
3660:, with Maimonides' Commentary
3595:, with Maimonides' Commentary
3208:, with Maimonides' Commentary
3113:, with Maimonides' Commentary
3078:(1989). Jehoshua Blau (ed.).
2660:at the time it takes to walk
608:Christianity and Judaism
3778:Part II, section 38, item 70
3386:Joshua Boaz ben Simon Baruch
3031:Sar-Shalom, Rahamim (1984).
2893:, depending on the seasons.
2551:
5951:(Desecration of God's name)
5686:Geological history of Earth
4586:Tukatzinsky, Yechiel Michel
4259:# 13, s.v. ונהירנא (p. 182)
3710:Tukatzinsky, Yechiel Michel
3080:R. Moses b. Maimon Responsa
2913:daily whole-burnt offerings
2688:, the sun is always at its
2562:they were adopted from the
2398:
2386:
1907:
1888:
1615:Latin America and Caribbean
311:
6495:
5038:Orders of magnitude (time)
4345:(1077–1141) and by Rabbi
4062:The Responsa of the Radbaz
4025:. pp. 99-100 (§ 12).
4015:# 96), Sabbionetta, 1553;
3286:(Mevoh Shemesh 2:6) of R.
2540:
2220:Jewish political movements
1917:Conversion to Judaism
18:Relative hour (Jewish law)
5867:
5749:Time translation symmetry
4645:Shiurei Tziyon, Siman 35.
4351:Isaac ben Moses of Vienna
3885:Sheiltot of Rab Aḥai Gaon
2795:Yechiel Michel Tucazinsky
2745:
2730:
2608:
2604:
2533:Classical Greek Antiquity
2492:
2488:
623:Hinduism and Judaism
6454:Time measurement systems
5983:(Derogatory information)
4746:Teshuva in Peer Hador 44
4515:Chaim Yosef David Azulai
4158:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem:
4021:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem:
3770:Chaim Yosef David Azulai
3554:Tefillah ve-Ḳiryat Shema
3348:Chaim Yosef David Azulai
3338:158b by R. Baruch Gigi;
3258:' commentary on Mishnah
2566:and were adopted in the
2472:began with the break of
2468:of the day, whereas the
449:Temple in Jerusalem
142:Bar and bat mitzvah
6094:Forbidden relationships
5704:Absolute space and time
5355:Astronomical chronology
4591:Sefer Bein ha-Shemashos
4441:Kuntres de-ve shimshei.
3715:Sefer Bein ha-Shemashos
2827:lechatchila (ab initio)
2491:) and Autumnal (
411:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6479:Jewish law and rituals
6235:B'rov am hadrat melech
5933:(Jewish religious law)
5754:Time reversal symmetry
5058:Italian six-hour clock
3288:Abraham Cohen Pimentel
3166:Laurence, Ray (2006).
2633:
5519:Time and fate deities
5464:The Unreality of Time
5403:A series and B series
4162:. p. 98 (§ 12).
4154:Gelis, Jacob (1968).
4017:Gelis, Jacob (1968).
2816:tzeit kol ha-kokhavim
2803:Yitzchok Yaakov Weiss
2656:who puts the time of
2625:
1157:São Tomé and Príncipe
1152:Republic of the Congo
546:Second Temple Judaism
417:Kingdom of Judah
388:Modern historiography
6306:Positive commandment
6249:Dina d'malkhuta dina
6001:You shall not murder
5770:Chronological dating
5739:Theory of relativity
5083:Daylight saving time
4396:Berakhot 3a and 27a,
4058:Ibn Abi-Zimra, David
3782:recital of the Shema
3366:Kitzur Shulhan Arukh
3250:§58:1, §233:3 of R.
2735:Recital of the Shema
2437:, and 75 minutes at
2424:, is a term used in
2408:), sometimes called
2259:World Agudath Israel
1400:United Arab Emirates
487:Second Temple period
477:Babylonian captivity
6205:Halakhic principles
5959:(Theft of the mind)
5063:Thai six-hour clock
4685:. Kehillat Israel.
4053:Sefer Mitzvot Ḳatan
3950:(reprinted in 1988)
3542:Abraham of Narbonne
3473:; Rudolf Wendorff:
3398:Sefer Eretz Yisrael
3392:(Orach Chaim 2:2);
3382:Shiltei ha-Gibborim
2702:Southern Hemisphere
2698:Northern Hemisphere
2582:Prayer of the Hours
2529:Mediterranean basin
2487:During the Spring (
552:Hellenistic Judaism
130:Land of Israel
89:Principles of faith
6379:Capital punishment
6026:Corpse uncleanness
5593:Rosy retrospection
5571:Mental chronometry
5395:Philosophy of time
4488:Responsa of Rabbi
4047:, section 260:2);
3940:, section 260:2).
3531:, s.v. עד הנץ החמה
3453:Karlheinz Deußer:
3312:David HaLevi Segal
3262:2:4; the Responsa
2941:Passover offerings
2799:Avraham Chaim Naeh
2399:shaʿot - zǝmaniyot
2113:Jewish Koine Greek
1655:Dominican Republic
936:Judaism by country
615:Jews and Christmas
470:Assyrian captivity
6464:Time in astronomy
6436:
6435:
6099:Gender separation
5895:
5894:
5805:
5804:
5780:Circadian rhythms
5598:Tense–aspect–mood
5453:Temporal finitism
5330:
5329:
5306:Grandfather clock
4807:4:1 (Maimonides,
4537:bayn ha-shemashot
4533:bayn ha-shemashot
4507:Babylonian Talmud
4343:Joseph ibn Migash
4338:118b, note (b)3).
4328:Tractate Shabbath
4312:Babylonian Talmud
4285:Israel Meir Kagan
4269:Babylonian Talmud
4160:Mossad Harav Kook
4023:Mossad Harav Kook
3995:Babylonian Talmud
3976:bayn ha-sh'meshot
3974:It is known that
3924:de Castro, Yaakov
3872:Babylonian Talmud
3842:Hil. Kiryat Shema
3799:Rabbeinu Chananel
3668:Mossad Harav Kook
3603:Mossad Harav Kook
3521:Babylonian Talmud
3494:Babylonian Talmud
3360:21:3, 27:1 of R.
3320:Hezekiah da Silva
3296:Shlomo ben Aderet
3216:Mossad Harav Kook
3179:978-1-134-76899-8
3121:Mossad Harav Kook
3009:Roman timekeeping
2915:. The historian,
2857:Practical bearing
2658:bayn ha-sh'meshot
2650:bayn ha-sh'meshot
2637:bayn ha-sh'meshot
2589:Abraham bar Hiyya
2549:
2375:
2374:
2324:
2323:
2072:
2071:
1819:Reconstructionist
1763:
1762:
915:
914:
722:
721:
559:Jewish–Roman wars
507:Hasmonean dynasty
423:Kingdom of Israel
327:
326:
16:(Redirected from
6486:
6474:Time in religion
6343:Toch k'dei dibur
6153:Terumat hamaaser
5967:(Theft of sleep)
5922:
5915:
5908:
5899:
5885:
5884:
5875:
5874:
5792:Glottochronology
5632:
5548:Human experience
5408:B-theory of time
5006:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4927:
4916:
4907:
4901:
4887:
4878:
4871:
4865:
4853:
4847:
4837:
4831:
4822:
4816:
4801:
4795:
4782:
4776:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4726:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4630:
4622:
4582:
4576:
4575:Divrei Yosef 59b
4573:
4567:
4554:
4548:
4504:
4498:
4485:
4479:
4461:
4455:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4370:
4367:Nissim ben Jacob
4308:
4302:
4282:
4276:
4266:
4260:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4099:
4093:
4088:, s.v. part IV,
4087:
4081:
4073:
4049:Isaac of Corbeil
4037:Yaakov de Castro
4034:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3920:
3914:
3907:Jerusalem Talmud
3904:
3898:
3896:
3869:
3863:
3851:
3845:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3795:
3789:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3746:
3706:
3700:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3649:
3643:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3538:
3532:
3518:
3512:
3491:
3485:
3451:
3442:
3435:Jerusalem Talmud
3432:
3426:
3411:
3405:
3374:Chesed La'alafim
3370:Shlomo Ganzfried
3346:2:38 (70) of R.
3332:Mizbe’ach Adamah
3272:Israel Isserlein
3264:Terumat HaDeshen
3252:Avraham Gombiner
3245:
3239:
3238:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3163:
3157:
3146:Yaakov de Castro
3143:
3137:
3136:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3072:
3058:
3052:
3044:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2771:
2759:
2747:
2732:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2610:
2606:
2599:Jewish tradition
2554:
2544:
2542:
2494:
2493:באחד בתקופת תשרי
2490:
2489:באחד בתקופת ניסן
2407:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2216:
2097:
1918:
1912:
1893:
1857:
1804:
1751:New Zealand
1703:
1666:El Salvador
1656:
1588:Northern America
1580:
1174:
930:
841:Crimean Karaites
737:
715:
713:
634:
632:
624:
618:
609:
597:Rabbinic Judaism
578:
572:
566:
554:
542:
508:
501:Maccabean Revolt
478:
471:
465:
457:
450:
444:
436:
418:
342:
316:
211:
143:
131:
30:
21:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6390:
6367:
6200:
6120:Sabbatical year
6108:
6054:
6012:
5934:
5926:
5896:
5891:
5863:
5854:Time immemorial
5801:
5758:
5719:Coordinate time
5690:
5644:Geological time
5620:
5603:Time management
5566:Generation time
5550:
5542:
5487:
5469:
5389:
5348:
5326:
5214:
5132:
5049:
5042:
4998:
4990:
4959:
4954:
4924:
4919:
4908:
4904:
4888:
4881:
4872:
4868:
4854:
4850:
4838:
4834:
4823:
4819:
4802:
4798:
4783:
4779:
4763:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4623:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4555:
4551:
4513:34b–35a;
4505:
4501:
4490:David ben Zimra
4486:
4482:
4462:
4458:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4347:David ben Zimra
4340:
4339:
4309:
4305:
4283:
4279:
4267:
4263:
4247:
4243:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4205:Sefer Ha-yashar
4198:
4197:
4193:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4074:
4056:
4016:
3993:
3989:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3905:
3901:
3879:
3870:
3866:
3852:
3848:
3830:
3826:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3768:
3764:
3747:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3691:
3687:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3630:
3626:
3605:. p. 232 (
3586:
3585:
3581:
3569:ʻamūd ha-shaḥar
3540:
3539:
3535:
3519:
3515:
3492:
3488:
3452:
3445:
3433:
3429:
3412:
3408:
3394:Shalmei Tzibbur
3336:Mikra'ei Kodesh
3246:
3242:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3144:
3140:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3045:
3030:
3027:
3025:Further reading
2999:Hebrew calendar
2979:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2898:eve of Passover
2859:
2739:ʿalot hashachar
2681:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2601:
2560:Western culture
2521:
2513:winter solstice
2509:summer solstice
2439:summer solstice
2435:winter solstice
2426:rabbinic Jewish
2371:
2326:
2325:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2193:Judeo-Malayalam
2173:Judaeo-Georgian
2093:
2084:
2074:
2073:
1974:Yiddish theatre
1916:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1802:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1701:
1654:
1578:
1172:
956:Genetic studies
927:
917:
916:
734:
724:
723:
711:
710:
630:
629:
622:
612:
607:
589:and Middle Ages
587:Rabbinic period
574:
568:
561:
549:
520:
506:
476:
469:
460:
452:
448:
439:
434:in Judaism
431:
416:
339:
329:
328:
208:
198:
197:
141:
129:
74:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6492:
6490:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6441:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6381:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6353:
6350:Yad soledet bo
6346:
6339:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6318:Self-sacrifice
6315:
6308:
6303:
6300:Pikuach nefesh
6296:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6263:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6216:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6127:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6064:
6062:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6050:Ritual washing
6047:
6040:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5985:
5977:
5973:Kiddush hashem
5969:
5961:
5957:Geneivat da'at
5953:
5949:Chillul hashem
5944:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5902:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5879:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5797:Time geography
5794:
5789:
5787:Clock reaction
5784:
5783:
5782:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5700:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5640:
5638:
5629:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5586:time signature
5583:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5557:
5555:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5458:Temporal parts
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:Eternal return
5425:
5420:
5415:
5413:Chronocentrism
5410:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5224:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5205:
5200:
5198:Hindu Panchang
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5014:
5012:
5003:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4930:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4902:
4879:
4866:
4848:
4832:
4817:
4796:
4777:
4757:
4748:
4739:
4727:
4718:
4709:
4700:
4683:"Zmanim Terms"
4674:
4665:
4656:
4647:
4638:
4577:
4568:
4549:
4499:
4480:
4456:
4452:Mordecai Karmi
4443:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4389:
4380:
4371:
4363:Menachem Meiri
4303:
4290:Mishnah Berura
4277:
4261:
4253:Ravid Ha-Zahav
4241:
4215:
4212:(section 181).
4191:
4186:Ḥazon ʻOvadyah
4173:
4146:
4133:Halikhot ʻOlam
4120:
4107:Halikhot ʻOlam
4094:
4005:Moses Alashkar
4003:34b–35a); cf.
3987:
3981:Hilkot Shabbat
3952:
3915:
3899:
3881:Ahai of Shabha
3864:
3854:Shulchan Aruch
3846:
3824:
3790:
3762:
3701:
3697:Levush Malkhus
3693:Mordecai Yoffe
3685:
3670:. p. 32 (
3644:
3636:Shulchan Aruch
3624:
3579:
3546:Sefer ha-Eškol
3533:
3513:
3486:
3443:
3427:
3419:Bi'urei ha-Gra
3417:, as cited in
3406:
3362:Avraham Danzig
3324:Eliyahu Rabbah
3280:Mordecai Yoffe
3240:
3218:. p. 33 (
3192:
3178:
3158:
3138:
3123:. p. 33 (
3097:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3019:Japanese clock
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Lunar calendar
2991:
2985:
2984:
2981:Judaism portal
2968:
2965:
2883:Morning Prayer
2858:
2855:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2819:
2742:
2680:
2677:
2641:Moses Alashkar
2629:Abba bar Pappa
2600:
2597:
2564:Roman calendar
2552:horai kairikai
2520:
2517:
2445:in either the
2387:shaʿah zǝmanit
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2254:Territorialism
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:Judaeo-Spanish
2135:
2133:Judaeo-Iranian
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1579:United Kingdom
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
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1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
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1445:
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1435:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Bilad-el-Sudan
1009:
1004:
996:
995:
989:
988:
987:
986:
981:
976:
968:
967:
965:Land of Israel
961:
960:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
928:
923:
922:
919:
918:
913:
912:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
825:
824:
823:Related groups
820:
819:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
756:
755:
750:
735:
730:
729:
726:
725:
720:
719:
718:
717:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
680:Jewish atheism
677:
672:
667:
659:
658:
654:
653:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:Islamic–Jewish
626:
619:
604:
599:
591:
590:
583:
582:
581:
580:
556:
543:
515:
510:
503:
498:
496:Yehud Medinata
490:
489:
483:
482:
481:
480:
473:
466:
458:
445:
437:
425:
420:
413:
405:
404:
402:Ancient Israel
398:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
358:Land of Israel
355:
347:
346:
340:
335:
334:
331:
330:
325:
324:
323:
322:
317:
313:Shulchan Aruch
308:
303:
298:
293:
285:
284:
283:
282:
277:
269:
268:
262:
261:
260:
259:
254:
246:
245:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
218:
217:
209:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
138:
133:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
91:
86:
79:God in Judaism
75:
70:
69:
66:
65:
64:
63:
58:
50:
49:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6491:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6469:Units of time
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6402:High Holidays
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:Related boxes
6393:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6363:Relative hour
6361:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6331:Shomea k'oneh
6328:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:Agrarian laws
6111:
6105:
6104:Homosexuality
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6018:Ritual purity
6015:
6009:
6008:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5932:
5931:
5923:
5918:
5916:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5888:
5880:
5878:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5775:Chronobiology
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5709:Arrow of time
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5681:Geochronology
5679:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:Wheel of time
5529:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5375:Periodization
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5301:Digital clock
5299:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:Relative hour
5076:
5074:
5073:24-hour clock
5071:
5069:
5068:12-hour clock
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4946:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4913:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4894:Herbert Danby
4891:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4813:Hil. Tefillah
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4786:Shulhan Arukh
4781:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4558:Shulhan Arukh
4553:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4523:Ginat Weradim
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:1:5 (p. 33);
4473:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4295:Shulhan Arukh
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4182:Yosef, Ovadia
4177:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:Yosef, Ovadia
4124:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4103:Yosef, Ovadia
4098:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3837:Mishneh Torah
3833:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3666:. Jerusalem:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3632:Magen Avraham
3628:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3601:. Jerusalem:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3483:3-531-11515-4
3480:
3476:
3472:
3471:8-7728-9280-3
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3402:Magen Avraham
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3300:Bayit Chadash
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3284:Minchat Kohen
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3248:Magen Avraham
3244:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:. Jerusalem:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3119:. Jerusalem:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2891:12-hour clock
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2837:
2836:unequal hours
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2807:Aharon Kotler
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:Shulhan Arukh
2779:
2775:
2774:biblical mile
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2723:Shulhan Arukh
2720:
2719:Magen Avraham
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2541:ὥραι καιρικαί
2538:
2537:Ancient Greek
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:Ancient Egypt
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:12-hour clock
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:Mediterranean
2427:
2423:
2422:variable hour
2419:
2418:seasonal hour
2415:
2414:temporal hour
2411:
2410:halachic hour
2400:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2378:Relative hour
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Judeo-Aramaic
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Judeo-Italian
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Ghardaïa Sign
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:Denominations
1769:
1768:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:United States
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Guinea-Bissau
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
970:
969:
966:
962:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:Lists of Jews
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:
926:
921:
920:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
827:
826:
821:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
727:
716:
708:
706:
703:
701:
700:The Holocaust
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
660:
655:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
627:
625:
620:
616:
610:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
592:
588:
584:
577:
571:
565:
560:
557:
553:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
492:
491:
488:
484:
479:
474:
472:
467:
463:
459:
456:
451:
446:
442:
438:
435:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
414:
412:
409:
408:
407:
406:
403:
399:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
332:
321:
318:
315:
314:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Mishneh Torah
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
286:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
270:
267:
263:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
244:
240:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:
216:
212:
207:
202:
201:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
139:
137:
134:
132:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
76:
73:
68:
67:
62:
61:Who is a Jew?
59:
57:
54:
53:
52:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6383:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6329:
6322:
6312:Sfeka d'yoma
6310:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6272:Ikar v'tafel
6270:
6259:
6255:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6211:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6142:Second tithe
6129:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6042:
6035:
6005:
5996:Noahide laws
5988:
5980:
5972:
5965:Gezel sheina
5964:
5956:
5948:
5928:
5849:Time capsule
5843:Tempus fugit
5841:
5763:Other fields
5462:
5443:Perdurantism
5365:Calendar era
5317:
5310:
5296:Cuckoo clock
5233:astronomical
5207:
5077:
5033:Unit of time
4964:Key concepts
4910:
4905:
4897:
4889:
4874:
4869:
4864:(xiv.iv.§ 3)
4859:
4851:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4826:
4820:
4812:
4809:Mishne Torah
4804:
4799:
4789:
4785:
4784:Yosef Karo,
4780:
4772:
4764:
4760:
4751:
4742:
4721:
4712:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4677:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4641:
4618:Kiryat Shema
4617:
4614:Kiryat Shema
4613:
4609:
4607:
4590:
4580:
4571:
4561:
4557:
4556:Yosef Karo,
4552:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4522:
4519:Birkei Yosef
4518:
4510:
4502:
4497:# 1353 (282)
4494:
4487:
4483:
4478:2:4 (p. 232)
4475:
4471:
4463:
4459:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4354:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4315:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4227:
4204:
4200:Rabbeinu Tam
4194:
4185:
4176:
4155:
4149:
4132:
4123:
4106:
4097:
4089:
4061:
4052:
4045:Orach Chayim
4044:
4040:
4018:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3961:
3955:
3938:Orach Chayim
3929:ʻErekh Leḥem
3928:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3884:
3875:
3867:
3859:Orach Chayim
3857:
3849:
3841:
3835:
3827:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3793:
3774:Ḥayim Sha'al
3773:
3765:
3742:Kiryat Shema
3741:
3738:Kiryat Shema
3737:
3733:
3731:
3714:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3671:
3656:
3647:
3640:Orach Chayim
3639:
3635:
3627:
3618:
3606:
3591:
3582:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3553:
3545:
3536:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3504:s.v. שבתאי;
3497:
3489:
3474:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3438:
3430:
3418:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3378:Eliezer Papo
3373:
3365:
3355:
3351:
3344:Hayim Sha'al
3343:
3340:Mateh Yehuda
3339:
3335:
3331:
3328:Elijah Spira
3323:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3219:
3204:
3195:
3183:. Retrieved
3168:
3161:
3153:
3150:`Erekh Leḥem
3149:
3141:
3124:
3109:
3100:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3032:
2960:
2957:seventh hour
2956:
2952:
2948:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2886:
2878:
2874:Kriyat Shema
2872:
2866:
2860:
2843:
2830:
2826:
2815:
2811:
2789:
2781:
2738:
2726:
2722:
2710:
2685:
2682:
2679:Disputations
2657:
2649:
2646:Rabbeinu Tam
2636:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2586:
2557:
2522:
2505:23 September
2486:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2377:
2376:
2317:Post-Zionism
2188:Judeo-Berber
2183:Judeo-Arabic
2143:Judeo-Gascon
1890:Pidyon haben
1809:Conservative
1355:Saudi Arabia
1173:South Africa
1162:Sierra Leone
984:Israeli Jews
898:Mosaic Arabs
851:Kaifeng Jews
712:Arab–Israeli
685:Emancipation
564:Great Revolt
373:Anti-Judaism
368:Antisemitism
363:Name "Judea"
158:Baal teshuva
6449:Timekeeping
6137:First tithe
6031:Handwashing
6007:Yetzer hara
5989:Lifnei iver
5981:Lashon hara
5859:Time travel
5837:System time
5744:Time domain
5729:Proper time
5553:use of time
5524:Father Time
5504:Immortality
5494:Ages of Man
5423:Endurantism
5380:Regnal year
5360:Big History
5289:water-based
5188:Solar Hijri
5098:Hexadecimal
5048:Measurement
5010:Chronometry
4996:Measurement
4915:(vi.ix.§ 3)
4900:5:1, p. 141
4890:The Mishnah
4861:Antiquities
4846:26a (p. 51)
4791:Orah Hayyim
4775:1:5 (p. 33)
4769:Yosef Qafih
4563:Orah Hayyim
4468:Yosef Qafih
4405:Berakhot 26
4387:Berakhot 2a
4299:Orah Hayyim
4041:Erekh Lehem
3786:Yosef Qafih
3664:Yosef Qafih
3599:Yosef Qafih
3376:58:5 of R.
3368:17:1 of R.
3357:Chayei Adam
3326:58:2 of R.
3318:§433 of R.
3316:Pri Chadash
3310:§433 of R.
3308:Turei Zahav
3304:Joel Sirkis
3302:§431 of R.
3292:Nachmanides
3278:§267 of R.
3212:Yosef Qafih
3185:24 December
3154:Orach Chaim
3117:Yosef Qafih
2961:eighth hour
2933:eighth hour
2929:fourth hour
2906:fourth-hour
2887:fourth hour
2727:Orach Chaim
2531:from about
2405:שעות זמניות
2312:Revisionist
2302:Neo-Zionism
1909:Zeved habat
1702:Puerto Rico
1528:Netherlands
1360:South Korea
1345:Philippines
1225:Afghanistan
1092:Ivory Coast
866:Crypto-Jews
831:Bnei Anusim
810:Bene Israel
775:Beta Israel
732:Communities
639:Middle Ages
378:Persecution
153:Bereavement
6459:Jewish law
6443:Categories
6372:Punishment
6279:Marit ayin
6147:Poor tithe
5561:Chronemics
5536:Kalachakra
5448:Presentism
5433:Eternalism
5339:Chronology
5277:mechanical
5228:Main types
5146:Main types
4909:Josephus,
4693:4 December
4414:Responsa 1
3983:(sect. 4).
3832:Maimonides
3653:Maimonides
3588:Maimonides
3415:Vilna Gaon
3390:Rav Poalim
3298:(Rashba);
3270:# 1 of R.
3256:Maimonides
3201:Maimonides
3106:Maimonides
3086:no. 134).
3076:Maimonides
3063:References
2949:ninth hour
2937:ninth hour
2921:ninth hour
2879:third hour
2861:In Jewish
2846:Modern Age
2823:Vilna Gaon
2790:first hour
2786:Maimonides
2770:בין השמשות
2746:מעלות השחר
2731:מעלות השחר
2694:hemisphere
2686:sixth hour
2654:Maimonides
2593:Maimonides
2482:first hour
2478:sixth hour
2470:first hour
2466:sixth hour
2396:; plural:
2384:singular:
2297:Maximalism
2249:Secularism
2229:Autonomism
2046:Literature
1839:Humanistic
1443:Azerbaijan
1405:Uzbekistan
1380:Tajikistan
1300:Kyrgyzstan
1285:Kazakhstan
1132:Mozambique
1107:Madagascar
1027:Cape Verde
979:New Yishuv
974:Old Yishuv
925:Population
903:Subbotniks
861:Samaritans
800:Romanyotim
743:Ashkenazim
690:Old Yishuv
670:Sabbateans
657:Modern era
649:Golden Age
576:Bar Kokhba
296:Beit Yosef
163:Philosophy
6337:Testimony
6260:derabanan
6256:De'oraita
6181:Sicaricon
6089:Sexuality
5817:Leap year
5734:Spacetime
5608:Yesterday
5509:Dreamtime
5483:Mythology
5370:Deep time
5282:stopwatch
5257:hourglass
5238:astrarium
5168:Gregorian
5161:Lunisolar
5138:Calendars
5128:Time zone
5001:standards
4873:Mishnah,
4824:Mishnah (
4803:Mishnah,
4627:cite book
4604:233065543
4495:responsum
4355:responsum
4324:Sepphoris
4257:responsum
4236:762528287
4168:873519965
4090:responsum
4078:cite book
4070:233235313
4031:873519965
4013:responsum
3970:429339490
3946:762370388
3893:762430858
3819:741094222
3751:cite book
3728:233065543
3680:233308346
3615:233308346
3562:774954727
3294:) and R.
3268:responsum
3228:233308346
3133:233308346
3084:responsum
3049:cite book
3041:854906532
2758:עמוד השחר
2605:עלות השחר
2546:romanized
2495:)
2393:שעה זמנית
2307:Religious
2163:Zarphatic
2153:Bukharian
2123:Judeo-Tat
2108:Yeshivish
2082:Languages
2037:Sephardic
2027:Israelite
2017:Ethiopian
2007:Ashkenazi
1946:Religious
1736:Australia
1718:Venezuela
1624:Argentina
1606:Greenland
1518:Lithuania
1370:Sri Lanka
1365:Singapore
1290:Kurdistan
1255:Indonesia
1245:Hong Kong
1198:Abayudaya
1122:Mauritius
856:Igbo Jews
846:Krymchaks
765:Sephardim
633:relations
527:Sadducees
523:Pharisees
513:Sanhedrin
428:Jerusalem
188:Synagogue
56:Etymology
6407:Passover
6224:beshogeg
6220:Bemeizid
6195:Kil'ayim
6174:Bikkurim
6083:Mechitza
5877:Category
5625:Time in
5616:Tomorrow
5478:Religion
5418:Duration
5385:Timeline
5319:Timeline
5118:Sidereal
4986:Eternity
4856:Josephus
4844:Berakhot
4805:Berakhot
4773:Berakhot
4755:OC 233:1
4687:Archived
4672:Yoma 28b
4588:(1928).
4566:§ 459:2)
4476:Megillah
4472:Berakhot
4423:OC 431:1
4336:Shabbath
4320:Tiberias
4275:12b; 11b
4202:(1811).
4184:(2003).
4141:39937409
4131:(2002).
4115:39937409
4105:(2002).
4009:Responsa
3926:(1718).
3911:Berakhot
3883:(1971).
3844:1:10–13)
3811:Berakhot
3805:Berakhot
3712:(1928).
3672:Berakhot
3655:(1963).
3607:Megillah
3590:(1963).
3573:Megillah
3544:(1867).
3525:Megillah
3509:Berakhot
3498:Berakhot
3439:Berakhot
3423:Hai Gaon
3384:58:3 of
3352:Tov Ayin
3260:Megillah
3234:relative
3220:Berakhot
3203:(1963).
3125:Berakhot
3108:(1963).
3092:78411726
2967:See also
2953:eleventh
2917:Josephus
2868:halachic
2805:, Rabbi
2801:, Rabbi
2797:, Rabbi
2762:twilight
2609:הנץ החמה
2575:monastic
2571:Medieval
2568:European
2501:20 March
2499:(around
2334:Category
2292:Kahanism
2239:Feminism
2211:Politics
2095:Biblical
2065:American
2012:Bukharan
2002:American
1902:Shidduch
1878:Clothing
1834:Haymanot
1780:Orthodox
1708:Suriname
1691:Paraguay
1644:Colombia
1543:Portugal
1453:Bulgaria
1390:Thailand
1340:Pakistan
1320:Mongolia
1315:Malaysia
1235:Cambodia
1209:Zimbabwe
1184:Tanzania
1062:Eswatini
1052:Ethiopia
1042:Djibouti
1022:Cameroon
1017:Botswana
946:Diaspora
908:Noahides
881:Marranos
805:Cochinim
790:Bukharim
780:Gruzinim
770:Teimanim
760:Mizrahim
748:Galician
714:conflict
675:Hasidism
665:Haskalah
570:Diaspora
441:timeline
353:Timeline
266:Rabbinic
173:Kabbalah
148:Marriage
124:Tzedakah
114:Holidays
72:Religion
35:a series
33:Part of
6427:Kashrut
6413:Shabbat
6131:Terumah
6060:Modesty
5930:Halakha
5887:Commons
5810:Related
5724:Instant
5714:Chronon
5696:Physics
5636:Geology
5627:science
5499:Destiny
5344:History
5312:History
5267:sundial
5250:quantum
5193:Chinese
5183:Islamic
5093:Decimal
5088:Chinese
5050:systems
4976:Present
4898:Pesahim
4827:Pesahim
4794:§ 89:1)
4541:Pesahim
4511:Shabbat
4316:Shabbat
4310:In the
4273:Pesahim
4000:Shabbat
3876:Pesahim
3658:Mishnah
3620:labour'
3593:Mishnah
3506:Mishnah
3206:Mishnah
3156:§233:2)
3111:Mishnah
2951:to the
2925:Mishnah
2902:chametz
2896:On the
2863:Halacha
2851:equator
2844:In the
2812:chatzot
2706:tropics
2665:⁄
2548::
2519:History
2497:equinox
2447:Mishnah
2277:General
2268:Zionism
2244:Leftism
2234:Bundism
2158:Knaanic
2118:Yevanic
2103:Yiddish
2060:Yiddish
2055:Israeli
2032:Mizrahi
2022:Israeli
1993:Cuisine
1969:Ancient
1951:Secular
1897:Kashrut
1873:Wedding
1860:Customs
1852:Culture
1829:Science
1824:Renewal
1814:Karaite
1795:Hasidic
1727:Oceania
1713:Uruguay
1681:Jamaica
1661:Ecuador
1629:Bolivia
1573:Ukraine
1548:Romania
1523:Moldova
1503:Hungary
1493:Germany
1488:Georgia
1478:Finland
1473:Estonia
1468:Denmark
1463:Czechia
1448:Belarus
1438:Austria
1433:Armenia
1410:Vietnam
1325:Myanmar
1310:Lebanon
1230:Bahrain
1189:Tunisia
1167:Somalia
1142:Nigeria
1137:Namibia
1127:Morocco
1057:Eritrea
1002:Algeria
886:Neofiti
795:Italkim
785:Juhurim
695:Zionism
644:Khazars
539:Sicarii
535:Zealots
531:Essenes
518:Schisms
383:Leaders
345:General
337:History
280:Tosefta
275:Midrash
252:Mishnah
234:Ketuvim
229:Nevi'im
178:Customs
109:Shabbat
104:Halakha
96: (
94:Mitzvot
81: (
47:Judaism
6420:Sukkot
6385:Kareth
6357:Zmanim
6324:Shinuy
6242:Chumra
6228:beones
6226:, and
6213:Aveira
6188:Hallah
6125:Tithes
6076:Yichud
6069:Negiah
6044:Niddah
6037:Mikveh
5940:Ethics
5827:Moment
5822:Memory
5674:period
5262:marine
5245:atomic
5220:Clocks
5178:Hebrew
5173:Julian
5108:Metric
4981:Future
4875:Eduyot
4610:poskim
4602:
4528:Geonim
4234:
4166:
4139:
4113:
4068:
4029:
3968:
3944:
3891:
3817:
3813:26a).
3734:poskim
3726:
3678:
3674:1:1).
3642:§58:1)
3613:
3609:2:4).
3560:
3552:(Hil.
3481:
3469:
3276:Levush
3274:; the
3226:
3222:1:5).
3176:
3131:
3127:1:5).
3090:
3039:
2989:Zmanim
2923:. The
2766:Hebrew
2754:Hebrew
2690:zenith
2613:Shema'
2578:orders
2451:Talmud
2382:Hebrew
2339:Portal
2198:Domari
2128:Shassi
2089:Hebrew
1984:Humour
1928:Hiloni
1923:Aliyah
1883:Niddah
1868:Minyan
1803:Reform
1790:Haredi
1785:Modern
1686:Mexico
1671:Guyana
1634:Brazil
1596:Canada
1568:Sweden
1558:Serbia
1553:Russia
1538:Poland
1533:Norway
1513:Latvia
1498:Greece
1483:France
1458:Cyprus
1424:Europe
1395:Turkey
1385:Taiwan
1295:Kuwait
1280:Jordan
1270:Israel
1204:Zambia
1194:Uganda
1112:Malawi
1082:Guinea
1072:Gambia
1007:Angola
993:Africa
876:Dönmeh
871:Anusim
815:Berber
753:Litvak
705:Israel
611:
548:
462:Second
430:
291:Targum
257:Gemara
243:Talmud
215:Tanakh
168:Ethics
119:Prayer
6286:Neder
6167:Orlah
6160:Demai
5832:Space
5664:epoch
5654:chron
5612:Today
5581:tempo
5576:Music
5438:Event
5272:watch
5156:Lunar
5151:Solar
5123:Solar
5113:Roman
5103:Hindu
4922:Notes
4892:(ed.
4767:(ed.
4598:-98.
4466:(ed.
4359:Rashi
3913:1:1 )
3878:12b;
3862:58:1)
3772:, in
3722:-98.
3529:Rashi
3527:20a,
3502:Rashi
3500:59b,
2945:Nisan
2778:Maran
2673:Yemen
2618:Nisan
2443:Sages
2287:Labor
2282:Green
1979:Dance
1937:Music
1756:Palau
1676:Haiti
1639:Chile
1563:Spain
1508:Italy
1415:Yemen
1375:Syria
1350:Qatar
1330:Nepal
1275:Japan
1250:India
1240:China
1179:Sudan
1102:Libya
1097:Kenya
1077:Ghana
1067:Gabon
1047:Egypt
1032:Benin
891:Xueta
836:Lemba
455:First
320:Zohar
224:Torah
206:Texts
193:Rabbi
183:Rites
83:names
6258:and
5551:and
5514:Kāla
5209:List
5203:Maya
4999:and
4971:Past
4957:Time
4912:Wars
4829:1:4)
4815:3:1)
4695:2012
4633:link
4600:OCLC
4232:OCLC
4164:OCLC
4137:OCLC
4111:OCLC
4084:link
4066:OCLC
4027:OCLC
3966:OCLC
3942:OCLC
3889:OCLC
3815:OCLC
3757:link
3724:OCLC
3676:OCLC
3611:OCLC
3558:OCLC
3479:ISBN
3467:ISBN
3457:In:
3441:1:1)
3413:The
3224:OCLC
3187:2019
3174:ISBN
3129:OCLC
3088:OCLC
3055:link
3037:OCLC
2831:that
2821:The
2750:dawn
2717:The
2511:and
2503:and
2474:dawn
2462:noon
2420:and
1746:Guam
1741:Fiji
1696:Peru
1649:Cuba
1335:Oman
1305:Laos
1265:Iraq
1260:Iran
1217:Asia
1146:Igbo
1117:Mali
136:Brit
45:and
43:Jews
5669:era
5659:eon
5649:age
5028:TAI
5018:UTC
4877:6:1
4545:mil
4432:266
4293:on
4210:19b
4055:);
3634:on
3556:).
3511:1:1
2780:'s
2675:.
2584:).
2558:In
2555:).
2449:or
1960:Art
306:Tur
98:613
6445::
6222:,
5614:–
5610:–
5023:UT
4882:^
4858:,
4811:,
4730:^
4629:}}
4625:{{
4606:.
4596:97
4517:,
4509:,
4287:,
4271:,
4255:,
4218:^
4080:}}
4076:{{
4039:,
4035:;
4007:,
3972:.
3934:9a
3874:,
3834:,
3753:}}
3749:{{
3730:.
3720:97
3695:,
3617:.
3564:.
3550:10
3523:,
3496:,
3446:^
3388:;
3380:;
3372:,
3364:;
3350:;
3330:;
3322:;
3314:;
3306:;
3282:;
3266:,
3254:;
3230:.
3148:,
3051:}}
3047:{{
2963:.
2900:,
2768::
2756::
2725:,
2595:.
2543:,
2539::
2416:,
2412:,
2402:/
2390:/
573:,
567:,
537:,
533:,
529:,
525:,
37:on
5921:e
5914:t
5907:v
4949:e
4942:t
4935:v
4788:(
4697:.
4635:)
4560:(
4314:(
4297:(
4238:.
4170:.
4143:.
4117:.
4086:)
4072:.
4051:(
4043:(
4033:.
4011:(
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