728:(i.e. clauses that have not been made dependent through the use of a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction) that are joined without appropriate punctuation: the clauses "run on" into confusion. The independent clauses can be "fused", as in "It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark", in which case the two independent clauses might be separated (between "five" and "we") with a period , a comma and conjunction (...five, and we...), or a semicolon (...five; we...). The independent clauses can be joined
647:
815:
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conjunction, a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon. A
450:
A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses). Since a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, complex sentences must also have at least one independent clause. In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one
170:
Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in
English, and sentence 3 is complex. Sentence 4 is compound-complex (also known as complex-compound). Example 5 is a sentence fragment.
105:
This clause pattern is a derivative of S+V+O, transforming the object of a preposition into an indirect object of the verb, as the example sentence in transformational grammar is actually "She made a pie for
944:
1889:
670:, is a set of words that does not form a complete sentence, either because it does not express a complete thought or because it lacks some grammatical element, such as a subject or a verb. A
799:
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members referring to another common member of the sentence, the sentence may be considered either simple or compound. If the homogenous members are removed, then the sentence is called
451:
independent clause is a complex sentence. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses is called compound-complex or complex-compound.
1262:
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to be incomplete sentences, but this style prescription has "no historical or grammatical foundation". Computer grammar checkers often highlight incomplete sentences.
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While some sources view comma splices as a form of run-on sentences, others limit the term to independent clauses that are joined without punctuation.
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Sentences – which are composed of these clauses, in either "dependent" or "independent" form – also have patterns, as explained below.
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They did not make "him", and they did not make "happy"; they made "him happy"—the object and its complement form a syntactical unit.
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771:) or correct punctuation (i.e. semicolon, dash, or period). A run-on sentence can be as short as four words – for instance,
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The use of a comma to separate two independent clauses without the addition of an appropriate conjunction is called a
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or similar word. There are a large number of subordinating conjunctions in
English. Some of these give the clause an
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is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a
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When I stepped out into the bright sunlight, from the darkness of the movie house, I had only two things in my mind
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803:, the term "run-on sentence" is also used for "a very long sentence, especially one lacking order or coherence".
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A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a
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Alex likes to fish, and he is going fishing on Friday – Alex likes to fish, and is going fishing on Friday.
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431:. In some languages, like Russian, a comma is not always required in a sentence with homogenous members.
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The
Thought and Its Expression: A Grammar After the System Introduced Into the Best Schools of Germany
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or noun phrase in the independent clause. In other words, the relative clause functions similar to an
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In general, run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are joined without using a
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or noun, not a verb, because it lacks a helping verb. An example is, "Swimming in the ocean".
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of an exclamative and a noun phrase but no verb. It is not a grammatically complete clause.
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What she had realized was that love was that moment when your heart was about to burst.
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is a dependent clause that functions like a noun. A noun clause may function as the
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conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence. Conjunctions are words such as
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In this sentence the independent clause contains two noun clauses. The noun clause
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and is generally considered an error (when used in the
English language). Example:
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The dog lived in the garden, but the cat, who was smarter, lived inside the house.
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The simple sentence in example 1 contains one clause. Example 2 has two clauses (
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When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject,
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject,
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Subject + Verb (linking) + Subject
Complement (adjective, noun, pronoun)
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fragment is a type of incomplete sentence containing a word ending in -
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function, specifying time, place, or manner. Such clauses are called
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You, who have never known your family, see them standing around you.
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is a dependent clause; the sentence is thus complex. In sentence 4,
404:
The law was passed: from April 1, all cars would have to be tested.
266:
This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one
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I will accept your offer or decline it; these are the two options.
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In addition to a subject and a verb, dependent clauses contain a
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1890:
An Essay
Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
1244:
1136:
Hairston, Maxine; Ruszkiewicz, John J; Friend, Christy (1998).
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like "Run walk" can be a run-on even if it only has two words.
407:
The war was lost; consequently, the whole country was occupied.
322:. This predicate has two verbs, known as a compound predicate:
562:. In the second example, the non-restrictive relative clause
98:
Subject + Verb (transitive) + Indirect Object + Direct Object
330:. (This should not be confused with a compound sentence.)
181:
I don't know how to bake, so I buy my bread already made.
1170:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
800:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
109:
Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object + Object
Complement
309:
In the backyard, the dog barked and howled at the cat.
148:. A set of words with no independent clause may be an
144:
has at least one independent clause plus at least one
650:"Note that the level of gap", a sentence fragment in
1216:
English Post: English
Language Learning and Teaching
487:
This complex sentence contains an adverbial clause,
66:
In standard English, sentences are composed of five
2002:
1851:
1703:
1540:
1287:
27:
How clauses compose sentences in grammar and syntax
1137:
654:caused by an incorrect translation of the phrase "
634:. The sentence also contains a relative clause,
945:"Homogenous members of a sentence (in Russian)"
884:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Grammar and Style
186:I enjoyed the apple pie that you bought for me.
1256:
779:– because in these short cases there are two
658:" from English to Chinese and back to English
419:The sun was shining, everyone appeared happy.
95:Abdul is happy. Jeanne is a person. I am she.
8:
209:), combined into a single sentence with the
1144:(5th ed.). New York: Longman. p.
1980:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
1263:
1249:
1241:
1062:Berry, Chris; Brizee, Allen (2006-08-31).
1112:"English Grammar Lesson - Run-Ons! - ELC"
875:
873:
678:is an example of an incomplete sentence.
352:Atomic sentence § Compound sentences
248:A simple sentence structure contains one
1064:"Runons – Comma Splices Fused Sentences"
1057:
1055:
1015:on BUT, p. 60 in the first edition.
1140:The Scott Foresman Handbook for Writers
981:
979:
840:
236:is a dependent clause. Example 5 is an
1086:
1084:
850:Introduction to the Grammar of English
515:Let him who has been deceived complain
502:is a dependent clause that modifies a
440:Complex and compound-complex sentences
398:I started on time, but I arrived late.
540:Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
304:that consists of more than one word.
7:
554:specifies or defines the meaning of
82:Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object
1231:"Independent and Dependent Clauses"
700:consider sentences starting with a
636:when your heart was about to burst
622:serves as the subject of the verb
25:
1092:"Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices"
54:. Such division is an element of
813:
572:You see them standing around you
564:who have never known your family
493:I had only two things on my mind
46:based on the number and kind of
611:The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
132:consists of only one clause. A
1920:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
989:. Pasco-Hernando State College
287:The girl ran into her bedroom.
232:are both independent clauses;
230:the cat lived inside the house
220:is an independent clause, and
1:
1801:Principle of compositionality
1210:Campos Noguera, José Manuel.
1116:ELC - English Language Center
724:that consists of two or more
74:Subject + Verb (intransitive)
36:sentence and clause structure
1950:Philosophical Investigations
958:Sinclair, Christine (2007).
320:barked and howled at the cat
1791:Modality (natural language)
1032:University of Chicago Press
1027:The Chicago Manual of Style
848:Huddleston, Rodney (1984).
570:in the independent clause,
558:in the independent clause,
549:restrictive relative clause
357:In the English language, a
226:The dog lived in the garden
207:I buy my bread already made
42:, is the classification of
2142:
1930:Language, Truth, and Logic
1670:Theological noncognitivism
1555:Contrast theory of meaning
1550:Causal theory of reference
1281:Index of language articles
1030:(16th ed.). Chicago:
854:Cambridge University Press
547:In the first example, the
443:
349:
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2015:Philosophy of information
1615:Mediated reference theory
1278:
960:Grammar: Getting it Right
628:that love was that moment
456:subordinating conjunction
165:compound-complex sentence
161:complex-compound sentence
1940:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
880:Rozakis, Laurie (2003).
741:coordinating conjunction
350:Not to be confused with
211:coordinating conjunction
203:I don't know how to bake
136:consists of two or more
1741:Use–mention distinction
1585:Direct reference theory
732:with only a comma (the
720:A run-on sentence is a
423:If a sentence contains
218:I enjoyed the apple pie
1675:Theory of descriptions
1610:Linguistic determinism
1272:Philosophy of language
913:Scheib, Henry (1849).
659:
222:that you bought for me
1786:Mental representation
1721:Linguistic relativity
1605:Inquisitive semantics
698:prescriptive grammars
649:
620:What she had realized
552:who has been deceived
340:prepositional phrases
318:, and one predicate,
300:. The predicate is a
296:, and one predicate,
124:Typology of sentences
87:She runs the meeting.
1970:Naming and Necessity
1880:De Arte Combinatoria
1679:Definite description
1640:Semantic externalism
1013:Modern English Usage
931:"Compound Sentences"
642:Incomplete sentences
587:predicate nominative
298:ran into her bedroom
238:exclamatory sentence
114:They made him happy.
40:sentence composition
38:, commonly known as
2020:Philosophical logic
2010:Analytic philosophy
1816:Sense and reference
1695:Verification theory
1650:Situation semantics
1212:"Complex sentences"
789:imperative sentence
777:I drive, she walks,
726:independent clauses
664:incomplete sentence
519:Miguel de Cervantes
150:incomplete sentence
138:independent clauses
62:Typology of clauses
56:traditional grammar
52:syntactic structure
2106:Syntactic entities
1870:Port-Royal Grammar
1766:Family resemblance
1685:Theory of language
1660:Supposition theory
1191:Online Writing Lab
888:. Alpha. pp.
821:Linguistics portal
785:intransitive verbs
676:independent clause
660:
346:Compound sentences
250:independent clause
103:She made me a pie.
2111:Sentences by type
2093:
2092:
1595:Dynamic semantics
1195:Purdue University
1045:978-0-226-10420-1
969:978-0-335-22008-3
863:978-0-521-29704-2
773:I drive she walks
668:sentence fragment
464:adverbial clauses
359:compound sentence
254:dependent clauses
154:sentence fragment
134:compound sentence
18:Sentence fragment
16:(Redirected from
2133:
2055:Formal semantics
2003:Related articles
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
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1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
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1635:Relevance theory
1630:Phallogocentrism
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1187:"Sentence Types"
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1070:on June 12, 2018
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783:paired with two
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672:dependent clause
560:Let him complain
446:Dependent clause
244:Simple sentences
216:. In example 3,
152:, also called a
146:dependent clause
142:complex sentence
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1776:Logical form
1731:Truth-bearer
1690:Unilalianism
1600:Expressivism
1427:Wittgenstein
1372:von Humboldt
1289:Philosophers
1219:. Retrieved
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1120:. Retrieved
1118:. 2017-05-19
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1072:. Retrieved
1068:the original
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991:. Retrieved
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2116:Punctuation
2025:Linguistics
1990:Limited Inc
1910:On Denoting
1736:Proposition
1387:de Saussure
1352:Ibn Khaldun
987:"Fragments"
702:conjunction
674:without an
579:noun clause
524:Don Quixote
302:verb phrase
2100:Categories
2085:Discussion
2080:Task Force
2030:Pragmatics
1821:Speech act
1751:Categories
1665:Symbiosism
1620:Nominalism
1532:Watzlawick
1412:Bloomfield
1332:Chrysippus
1221:2 February
1201:2 February
1122:2017-09-14
1097:2008-01-24
1074:2008-01-24
835:References
775:, or even
689:that is a
632:complement
630:serves as
595:appositive
566:describes
429:contracted
425:homogenous
336:at the cat
274:, and one
70:patterns:
2062:Semiotics
2050:Semantics
1900:Alciphron
1836:Statement
1771:Intension
1711:Ambiguity
1590:Dramatism
1570:Cratylism
1322:Eubulides
1317:Aristotle
1297:Confucius
993:13 August
652:Chinglish
508:adjective
460:adverbial
79:She runs.
50:in their
44:sentences
2075:Category
2035:Rhetoric
1860:Cratylus
1831:Sentence
1806:Property
1726:Language
1704:Concepts
1542:Theories
1507:Strawson
1492:Davidson
1482:Hintikka
1477:Anscombe
1422:Vygotsky
1377:Mauthner
1347:Averroes
1337:Zhuangzi
1327:Diodorus
1307:Cratylus
807:See also
781:subjects
722:sentence
704:such as
112:Example:
101:Example:
93:Example:
85:Example:
77:Example:
2126:Clauses
1842:more...
1746:Concept
1487:Dummett
1462:Gadamer
1457:Chomsky
1442:Derrida
1432:Russell
1417:Bergson
1402:Tillich
1362:Leibniz
1302:Gorgias
583:subject
268:subject
252:and no
48:clauses
32:grammar
1994:(1988)
1984:(1982)
1974:(1980)
1964:(1967)
1954:(1953)
1944:(1951)
1934:(1936)
1924:(1921)
1914:(1905)
1904:(1732)
1894:(1668)
1884:(1666)
1874:(1660)
1864:(n.d.)
1826:Symbol
1527:Searle
1517:Putnam
1467:Kripke
1452:Austin
1437:Carnap
1382:Ricœur
1367:Herder
1357:Hobbes
1197:. 1995
1152:
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966:
896:
892:–168.
860:
743:(i.e.
691:gerund
626:, and
593:or an
591:object
390:, and
328:howled
324:barked
261:I run.
68:clause
1852:Works
1761:Class
1522:Lewis
1512:Quine
1497:Grice
1447:Whorf
1407:Sapir
1392:Frege
1342:Xunzi
1312:Plato
1234:(PDF)
1007:e.g.
787:. An
696:Some
666:, or
589:, an
1811:Sign
1716:Cant
1502:Ryle
1472:Ayer
1397:Boas
1223:2014
1203:2014
1150:ISBN
1040:ISBN
995:2021
964:ISBN
894:ISBN
858:ISBN
797:Per
681:An -
504:noun
338:are
334:and
326:and
294:girl
276:verb
228:and
205:and
140:. A
106:me".
1756:Set
1146:509
1036:257
1011:in
890:167
765:yet
757:but
753:nor
749:and
745:for
736:).
710:and
708:or
706:but
687:ing
683:ing
662:An
624:was
568:you
556:him
517:. (
473:. (
388:yet
380:but
376:nor
372:and
368:for
316:dog
280:run
163:or
30:In
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1083:^
1054:^
1038:.
978:^
872:^
856:.
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769:so
767:,
763:,
761:or
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608:,
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537:,
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477:,
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392:so
386:,
384:or
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278:,
270:,
256:.
214:so
167:.
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128:A
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272:I
20:)
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