210:, and rabbit cells are identical: GAUCAUUA -3'OH. The conservation of this sequence between such distantly related eukaryotes implied that this nucleotide tract played an important role in the cell. Since this conserved sequence contained the complement of each of the three eukaryotic termination codons (UAA, UAG and UGA) it was proposed to have a role in the termination of protein synthesis in eukaryotes. A similar role for the 3' end of 16S rRNA in recognising termination triplets in
222:, a class of viruses that infect bacteria, the sequence coding for the first few amino acids often contains termination triplets in the two unused reading frames. In a commentary on this paper, it was noted that complementary base pairing with the 3'-terminus of 16S rRNA might serve to abort peptide bond formation after out-of-phase initiation.
890:
Cicek
Mustafa, Mutlu Ozal, Erdemir Aysegul, Ozkan Ebru, Saricay Yunus, Turgut-Balik Dilek (2013). "Single Mutation in Shine-Dalgarno-Like Sequence Present in the Amino Terminal of Lactate Dehydrogenase of Plasmodium Effects the Production of an Eukaryotic Protein Expressed in a Prokaryotic System".
189:
Given the complementary relationship between rRNA and the Shine–Dalgarno sequence in mRNA, it was proposed that the sequence at the 3'-end of the rRNA determines the capacity of the prokaryotic ribosome to translate a particular gene in an mRNA. Base pairing between the 3'-end of the rRNA and the
190:
Shine–Dalgarno sequence in mRNA is a mechanism by which the cell can distinguish between initiator AUGs and internal and/or out-of-frame AUG sequences. The degree of base pairing also plays a role in determining the rate of initiation at different AUG initiator codons.
202:, the 3'-end of the small 18S rRNA may play a role in the termination of protein synthesis by complementary base pairing with termination codons. This came from their observation that the 3' terminal sequences of 18S rRNA from
237:
in prokaryotes. This change is due to a reduced or increased mRNA-ribosome pairing efficiency, as evidenced by the fact that compensatory mutations in the 3'-terminal 16S rRNA sequence can restore translation.
186:. Many studies have confirmed that base pairing between the Shine–Dalgarno sequence in mRNA and the 3' end of 16S rRNA is of prime importance for initiation of translation by bacterial ribosomes.
1913:
501:"How ribosomes select initiator regions in mRNA: base pair formation between the 3'-terminus of 16S rRNA and the mRNA during the initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli"
646:"Terminal-sequence studies of high-molecular-weight ribonucleic acid. The reaction of periodate-oxidized ribonucleosides, 5'-ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acid with isoniazid"
1564:
1388:
934:
975:
421:(1973). "Occurrence of heat-dissociable ribosomal RNA in insects: the presence of three polynucleotide chains in 26S RNA from cultured Aedes aegypti cells".
1943:
1953:
1690:
1990:
1986:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2340:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
1982:
214:
was proposed in 1974 by Shine and
Dalgarno on the basis of complementarity relationships between the 3'-terminal UUA-OH in 16S rRNA and
2175:
2170:
2160:
1043:
968:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1038:
1033:
1748:
2624:
835:
Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Watson JD (1994) The
Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd ed.) pp 237, 461.
370:"Terminal-sequence studies of high-molecular-weight ribonucleic acid. The 3'-termini of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomal RNA"
51:
2345:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2260:
2235:
2225:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2165:
1114:
961:
829:
Hale WG, Margham JP, Saunders VA eds (1995) Collins
Dictionary of Biology, (2nd ed) Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence. p 565.
1081:
1025:
953:
693:
Pieczenik G, Model P, Robertson HD (1974). "Sequence and symmetry in ribosome binding sites of bacteriophage f1RNA".
2111:
2051:
1898:
1888:
1878:
1838:
1818:
1793:
1768:
1743:
333:
Benelli, D; Londei, P (January 2011). "Translation initiation in
Archaea: conserved and domain-specific features".
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
2579:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
1976:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1738:
1723:
74:
may add amino acids in sequence as dictated by the codons, moving downstream from the translational start site.
2603:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1971:
1966:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
247:
2599:
112:
609:
Dalgarno L, Shine J (1973). "Conserved terminal sequence in 18S rRNA may represent terminator anticodons".
2145:
1000:
43:
992:
988:
928:
257:
234:
170:
948:
2001:
1961:
996:
984:
741:
567:
512:
262:
1526:
182:, which is found upstream of the start codon AUG in a number of mRNAs found in viruses that affect
178:. They proposed that these ribosomal nucleotides recognize the complementary purine-rich sequence
916:
878:
591:
481:
315:
94:
771:"Interference with phage lambda development by the small subunit of the phage 21 terminase, gp1"
1672:
1489:
1016:
908:
870:
800:
710:
675:
626:
583:
540:
473:
438:
399:
350:
307:
157:
149:
Using a method developed by Hunt, Shine and
Dalgarno showed that the nucleotide tract at the
67:
2546:
2536:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2491:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2451:
2446:
2441:
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1574:
900:
860:
852:
790:
782:
749:
702:
665:
657:
618:
575:
530:
520:
465:
430:
389:
381:
342:
299:
103:
2416:
2396:
2391:
2381:
1071:
1061:
558:
Shine J, Dalgarno L (1975). "Determinant of cistron specificity in bacterial ribosomes".
865:
840:
745:
571:
516:
1634:
670:
645:
394:
369:
17:
795:
770:
535:
500:
2618:
2584:
706:
469:
434:
418:
133:
90:
63:
47:
920:
882:
786:
485:
319:
1186:
1053:
595:
456:
Dahlberg A E (1989). "The functional role of ribosomal RNA in protein synthesis".
2589:
161:
86:
55:
2594:
904:
856:
303:
287:
199:
165:
129:
118:
1681:
525:
251:
125:
912:
874:
679:
622:
354:
311:
288:"Shine-Dalgarno sequence of bacteriophage T4: GAGG prevails in early genes"
150:
825:(3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons Inc. pp. 1321–1322 and 1342–1343.
804:
714:
630:
544:
477:
442:
403:
1596:
1591:
1586:
587:
230:
219:
78:
59:
841:"Translation initiation: variations in the mechanism can be anticipated"
1317:
346:
82:
661:
385:
2551:
2541:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2461:
2456:
2436:
2431:
1608:
1581:
1569:
1442:
1398:
1393:
1376:
1371:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1282:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1198:
1193:
1181:
1157:
1152:
754:
729:
579:
949:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=eurekah.section.19320
250:, the sequence that targets the ribosome to the initiation codon in
2421:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2386:
2131:
1938:
1660:
1655:
1613:
1603:
1559:
1511:
1506:
1449:
1437:
1410:
1405:
1383:
1366:
1344:
1322:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1208:
1203:
1140:
1066:
1645:
1620:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1471:
1461:
1432:
1422:
1334:
1252:
1240:
1171:
1145:
1135:
1125:
832:
Lewin, B. (1994) Genes V. Oxford
University Press. pp 179, 269.
71:
957:
70:
by aligning the ribosome with the start codon. Once recruited,
107:, for example, the sequence is AGGAGGU, while the shorter
233:
in the Shine–Dalgarno sequence can reduce or increase
2572:
2374:
2153:
2144:
1952:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1633:
1550:
1497:
1488:
1458:
1419:
1331:
1249:
1168:
1122:
1113:
1080:
1052:
1024:
1015:
1008:
27:
Ribosomal binding site in prokaryotic messenger RNA
969:
8:
933:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
198:In 1973 Dalgarno and Shine proposed that in
124:The Shine–Dalgarno sequence was proposed by
2150:
1686:
1677:
1494:
1119:
1021:
1012:
976:
962:
954:
864:
794:
753:
669:
534:
524:
393:
77:The Shine–Dalgarno sequence is common in
58:AUG. The RNA sequence helps recruit the
273:
926:
7:
845:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
281:
279:
277:
50:, generally located around 8 bases
25:
335:Biochemical Society Transactions
787:10.1128/jb.173.9.2733-2738.1991
730:"Signals for protein synthesis"
226:Sequence and protein expression
160:(rRNA) (that is, the end where
168:and has the specific sequence
1:
839:Malys N, McCarthy JE (2011).
85:. It is also present in some
707:10.1016/0022-2836(74)90368-4
695:Journal of Molecular Biology
499:Steitz J A, Jakes K (1975).
470:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90122-0
435:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90528-7
423:Journal of Molecular Biology
2641:
821:Voet D and Voet J (2004).
93:transcripts. The six-base
46:in bacterial and archaeal
2580:Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
905:10.1007/s12033-012-9602-z
857:10.1007/s00018-010-0588-z
304:10.1007/s11033-011-0707-4
292:Molecular Biology Reports
2604:Kozak consensus sequence
248:Kozak consensus sequence
218:termination codons. In
208:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2600:Shine-Dalgarno sequence
893:Molecular Biotechnology
775:Journal of Bacteriology
526:10.1073/pnas.72.12.4734
204:Drosophila melanogaster
194:Translation termination
145:Translation start sites
18:Shine-Dalgarno Sequence
623:10.1038/newbio245261a0
505:Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
44:ribosomal binding site
258:Bacterial translation
2625:Protein biosynthesis
1500:Mitochondrial
985:Protein biosynthesis
263:Archaeal translation
746:1976Natur.260...12A
650:Biochemical Journal
572:1975Natur.254...34S
517:1975PNAS...72.4734S
374:Biochemical Journal
66:(mRNA) to initiate
1673:Ribosomal Proteins
769:Johnson G (1991).
347:10.1042/BST0390089
95:consensus sequence
2612:
2611:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2140:
2139:
1629:
1628:
1553:Eukaryotic
1490:Elongation factor
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1017:Initiation factor
662:10.1042/bj0950541
644:Hunt J A (1965).
511:(12): 4734–4738.
386:10.1042/bj1200353
368:Hunt J A (1970).
158:16S ribosomal RNA
68:protein synthesis
16:(Redirected from
2632:
2151:
1687:
1678:
1552:
1499:
1495:
1465:
1426:
1338:
1256:
1175:
1129:
1120:
1022:
1013:
978:
971:
964:
955:
938:
932:
924:
886:
868:
826:
809:
808:
798:
781:(9): 2733–2738.
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:10.1038/260012a0
725:
719:
718:
690:
684:
683:
673:
641:
635:
634:
617:(148): 261–262.
606:
600:
599:
580:10.1038/254034a0
555:
549:
548:
538:
528:
496:
490:
489:
453:
447:
446:
414:
408:
407:
397:
365:
359:
358:
330:
324:
323:
286:Malys N (2012).
283:
181:
177:
110:
104:Escherichia coli
21:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2556:
2370:
2136:
1948:
1667:
1625:
1546:
1476:
1459:
1454:
1420:
1415:
1332:
1327:
1250:
1245:
1169:
1164:
1123:
1109:
1076:
1048:
1004:
982:
945:
925:
889:
851:(6): 991–1003.
838:
820:
817:
815:Further reading
812:
768:
767:
763:
740:(5546): 12–13.
727:
726:
722:
692:
691:
687:
643:
642:
638:
608:
607:
603:
566:(5495): 34–38.
557:
556:
552:
498:
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493:
455:
454:
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416:
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411:
367:
366:
362:
332:
331:
327:
285:
284:
275:
271:
244:
228:
196:
179:
169:
166:pyrimidine-rich
147:
142:
108:
81:, but rarer in
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2638:
2636:
2628:
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2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2573:Other concepts
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2479:
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2424:
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2414:
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2404:
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2378:
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2372:
2371:
2369:
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2363:
2358:
2353:
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2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
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2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
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2238:
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2228:
2223:
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2213:
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2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1635:Release factor
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
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1556:
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1544:
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1501:
1492:
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1485:
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1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1341:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1236:
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1226:
1221:
1216:
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1190:
1189:
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1165:
1163:
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1160:
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1149:
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1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
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1097:
1092:
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1084:
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1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
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1005:
983:
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973:
966:
958:
952:
951:
944:
943:External links
941:
940:
939:
899:(2): 602–608.
887:
836:
833:
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816:
813:
811:
810:
761:
720:
701:(2): 191–214.
685:
636:
601:
550:
491:
464:(4): 525–529.
448:
409:
380:(2): 353–363.
360:
325:
272:
270:
267:
266:
265:
260:
255:
243:
240:
227:
224:
195:
192:
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143:
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138:
32:Shine–Dalgarno
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2637:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
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2601:
2598:
2596:
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2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Reading frame
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2377:
2373:
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2334:
2332:
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2249:
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2239:
2237:
2234:
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2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
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2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Mitochondrial
2143:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1054:Mitochondrial
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
974:
972:
967:
965:
960:
959:
956:
950:
947:
946:
942:
936:
930:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
834:
831:
828:
824:
819:
818:
814:
806:
802:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
762:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:Anon (1976).
724:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
689:
686:
681:
677:
672:
667:
663:
659:
656:(2): 541–51.
655:
651:
647:
640:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
605:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
551:
546:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
413:
410:
405:
401:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
364:
361:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
329:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
282:
280:
278:
274:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
253:
249:
246:
245:
241:
239:
236:
232:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
193:
191:
187:
185:
175:
172:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
144:
139:
137:
135:
134:Lynn Dalgarno
131:
127:
122:
120:
117:
115:
111:dominates in
106:
105:
100:
96:
92:
91:mitochondrial
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
64:messenger RNA
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:messenger RNA
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1652:Class 2/RF3
1460:
1421:
1333:
1251:
1170:
1124:
929:cite journal
896:
892:
848:
844:
823:Biochemistry
822:
778:
774:
764:
737:
733:
723:
698:
694:
688:
653:
649:
639:
614:
610:
604:
563:
559:
553:
508:
504:
494:
461:
457:
451:
429:(1): 57–72.
426:
422:
412:
377:
373:
363:
341:(1): 89–93.
338:
334:
328:
295:
291:
229:
215:
211:
207:
203:
197:
188:
183:
173:
154:
148:
123:
113:
102:
98:
76:
39:
35:
31:
29:
2590:Start codon
2375:28S subunit
2154:39S subunit
1954:40S subunit
1691:60S subunit
1682:Cytoplasmic
1146:SUI1 family
989:translation
298:(1): 33–9.
235:translation
164:begins) is
162:translation
140:Recognition
128:scientists
119:early genes
87:chloroplast
56:start codon
2595:Stop codon
1939:RRP15-like
1749:RPL10-like
1498:Bacterial/
1115:Eukaryotic
1001:eukaryotic
419:Dalgarno L
269:References
252:Eukaryotes
200:eukaryotes
130:John Shine
126:Australian
1551:Archaeal/
1026:Bacterial
993:bacterial
417:Shine J,
231:Mutations
136:in 1973.
2619:Category
1642:Class 1
1082:Archaeal
1009:Proteins
997:archaeal
921:45230872
913:23011788
883:31720000
875:21076851
866:11115079
680:14340106
486:36679385
355:21265752
320:17854788
312:21533668
242:See also
220:F1 phage
116:virus T4
79:bacteria
60:ribosome
52:upstream
40:sequence
1944:RSL24D1
1621:a/eEF-2
1560:a/eEF-1
805:1826903
742:Bibcode
715:4375722
671:1214355
631:4202225
596:4162567
568:Bibcode
545:1107998
513:Bibcode
478:2655923
443:4197338
404:4321896
395:1179605
212:E.coli
184:E. coli
180:AGGAGGU
174:ACCUCCU
155:E. coli
114:E. coli
83:archaea
62:to the
54:of the
2112:RPS27A
2052:RPS15A
1991:RPS4Y2
1987:RPS4Y1
1981:RPS4 (
1899:RPL37A
1889:RPL36A
1879:RPL35A
1839:RPL27A
1819:RPL23A
1794:RPL18A
1769:RPL13A
1744:RPL10A
1199:γ
1194:β
1187:kinase
1182:α
919:
911:
881:
873:
863:
803:
796:207852
793:
734:Nature
713:
678:
668:
629:
611:Nature
594:
588:803646
586:
560:Nature
543:
536:388805
533:
484:
476:
441:
402:
392:
353:
318:
310:
216:E.coli
151:3' end
99:AGGAGG
2382:MRPS1
2161:MRPL1
2132:RACK1
2127:RPS30
2122:RPS29
2117:RPS28
2107:RPS27
2102:RPS26
2097:RPS25
2092:RPS24
2087:RPS23
2082:RPS21
2077:RPS20
2072:RPS19
2067:RPS18
2062:RPS17
2057:RPS16
2047:RPS15
2042:RPS14
2037:RPS13
2032:RPS12
2027:RPS11
2022:RPS10
1983:RPS4X
1977:RPS3A
1934:RPLP2
1929:RPLP1
1924:RPLP0
1919:RPL41
1914:RPL40
1909:RPL39
1904:RPL38
1894:RPL37
1884:RPL36
1874:RPL35
1869:RPL34
1864:RPL32
1859:RPL31
1854:RPL30
1849:RPL29
1844:RPL28
1834:RPL27
1829:RPL26
1824:RPL24
1814:RPL23
1809:RPL22
1804:RPL21
1799:RPL19
1789:RPL18
1784:RPL17
1779:RPL15
1774:RPL14
1764:RPL13
1759:RPL12
1754:RPL11
1739:RPL10
1724:RPL7A
1661:GSPT2
1656:GSPT1
1512:EF-Ts
1507:EF-Tu
1438:EIF5A
1241:eIF2D
1209:eIF2B
1204:eIF2A
1153:eIF1A
1072:MTIF3
1067:MTIF2
1062:MTIF1
917:S2CID
879:S2CID
592:S2CID
482:S2CID
316:S2CID
101:; in
42:is a
2017:RPS9
2012:RPS8
2007:RPS7
2002:RPS6
1997:RPS5
1972:RPS3
1967:RPS2
1962:RPSA
1734:RPL9
1729:RPL8
1719:RPL7
1714:RPL6
1709:RPL5
1704:RPL4
1699:RPL3
1646:eRF1
1542:GFM2
1537:GFM1
1532:TSFM
1527:EF-P
1522:EF-4
1517:EF-G
1472:EIF6
1462:eIF6
1433:EIF5
1423:eIF5
1335:eIF4
1253:eIF3
1172:eIF2
1136:eIF1
1126:eIF1
1105:aIF6
1100:aIF5
1095:aIF2
1090:aIF1
935:link
909:PMID
871:PMID
801:PMID
711:PMID
676:PMID
627:PMID
584:PMID
541:PMID
474:PMID
458:Cell
439:PMID
400:PMID
351:PMID
308:PMID
132:and
109:GAGG
89:and
72:tRNA
30:The
1044:IF3
1039:IF2
1034:IF1
901:doi
861:PMC
853:doi
791:PMC
783:doi
779:173
750:doi
738:260
703:doi
666:PMC
658:doi
619:doi
615:245
576:doi
564:254
531:PMC
521:doi
466:doi
431:doi
390:PMC
382:doi
378:120
343:doi
300:doi
153:of
97:is
2621::
2552:35
2547:34
2542:33
2537:32
2532:31
2527:30
2522:29
2517:28
2512:27
2507:26
2502:25
2497:24
2492:23
2487:22
2482:21
2477:20
2472:19
2467:18
2462:17
2457:16
2452:15
2447:14
2442:13
2437:12
2432:11
2427:10
2366:42
2361:41
2356:40
2351:39
2346:38
2341:37
2336:36
2331:35
2326:34
2321:33
2316:32
2311:31
2306:30
2301:29
2296:28
2291:27
2286:26
2281:25
2276:24
2271:23
2266:22
2261:21
2256:20
2251:19
2246:18
2241:17
2236:16
2231:15
2226:14
2221:13
2216:12
2211:11
2206:10
1989:,
1985:,
1597:P3
1592:P2
1587:P1
1565:A1
1450:5B
1367:E1
999:,
995:,
987::
931:}}
927:{{
915:.
907:.
897:54
895:.
877:.
869:.
859:.
849:68
847:.
843:.
799:.
789:.
777:.
773:.
748:.
736:.
732:.
709:.
699:90
697:.
674:.
664:.
654:95
652:.
648:.
625:.
613:.
590:.
582:.
574:.
562:.
539:.
529:.
519:.
509:72
507:.
503:.
480:.
472:.
462:57
460:.
437:.
427:75
425:.
398:.
388:.
376:.
372:.
349:.
339:39
337:.
314:.
306:.
296:39
294:.
290:.
276:^
206:,
176:UA
121:.
38:)
36:SD
2602:/
2422:9
2417:8
2412:7
2407:6
2402:5
2397:4
2392:3
2387:2
2201:9
2196:8
2191:7
2186:6
2181:5
2176:4
2171:3
2166:2
1993:)
1614:G
1609:E
1604:D
1582:B
1575:3
1570:2
1443:2
1411:H
1406:B
1399:3
1394:2
1389:1
1384:G
1377:3
1372:2
1360:3
1355:2
1350:1
1345:A
1323:M
1318:L
1313:K
1308:J
1303:I
1298:H
1293:G
1288:F
1283:E
1278:D
1273:C
1268:B
1263:A
1234:5
1229:4
1224:3
1219:2
1214:1
1158:Y
1141:B
1003:)
991:(
977:e
970:t
963:v
937:)
923:.
903::
885:.
855::
807:.
785::
758:.
752::
744::
717:.
705::
682:.
660::
633:.
621::
598:.
578::
570::
547:.
523::
515::
488:.
468::
445:.
433::
406:.
384::
357:.
345::
322:.
302::
254:.
171:Y
34:(
20:)
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