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2058:, and then conquered two more tribes of Qiang before threatening Songzhou with an army of (according to the Chinese) more than 200,000 men (100,000 according to Tibetan sources). He then sent an envoy with gifts of gold and silk to the Chinese emperor to ask for a Chinese princess in marriage and, when refused, attacked Songzhou. According to the Tang annals, he finally retreated and apologised, and, later, the emperor granted his request, but the histories written in Tibet all say that the Tibetan army defeated the Chinese and that the Tang emperor delivered a bride under threat of force.
1789:(gNam-ri Srong-btsan). According to Tibetan tradition, Songtsen Gampo was enthroned while still a minor as the thirty-third king of the Yarlung dynasty after his father was poisoned circa 618. He is said to have been born in an unspecified Ox year and was 13 years old (12 by Western reckoning) when he took the throne. This accords with the tradition that the Yarlung kings took the throne when they were 13, and supposedly old enough to ride a horse and rule the kingdom. If these traditions are correct, he was probably born in the Ox year 605 CE. The
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longer done. He also discarded his felt and skins, put on brocade and silk, and gradually copied
Chinese civilization. He also sent the children of his chiefs and rich men to request admittance into the national school to be taught the classics, and invited learned scholars from China to compose his official reports to the emperor."
2248:
adds that
Songtsen Gampo thereupon built a city for the Chinese princess, and a palace for her within its walls. According to Chinese sources, "As the princess disliked their custom of painting their faces red, Lungstan (Songtsen Gampo) ordered his people to put a stop to the practice, and it was no
2016:
records that the first ever embassy from Tibet arrived in China from
Songtsen Gampo in the 8th Zhenguan year, or 634 CE. Tang dynasty chronicles describe this as a tribute mission, but it brought an ultimatum demanding a marriage alliance, not subservient rituals. After this demand was refused,
1780:
When the prince
Gungsong Gungtsen reached the age of thirteen (twelve by Western reckoning), his father, Songtsen Gampo, retired, and the prince ruled for five years, which could have corresponded to the period when Songtsen Gampo was working on a new Tibetan constitution. Gungsong Gungtsen is also
2255:
Songtsen Gampo's sister Sad-mar-kar was sent to marry Lig-myi-rhya, the king of
Zhangzhung. However, when the king refused to consummate the marriage, she then helped Songtsen Gampo to defeat Lig myi-rhya and incorporate the Zhangzhung of Western Tibet into the Tibetan Empire in 645, thus gaining
2069:
Early
Tibetan accounts say that the Tibetan king and the king of Zhangzhung had married each other's sisters in a political alliance. However, the Tibetan wife of the king of the Zhangzhung complained of poor treatment by the king's principal wife. War ensued, and, through the treachery of the
1970:
The inscription on the Skar cung Pillar (erected by
Ralpacan, who ruled c. 800–815) reports that during Songtsen Gampo's reign, "shrines of the Three Jewels were established by building the temple of Ra-sa and so on." The first edict of Trisong Detsen mentions a community of monks at this
2080:
province) was ambushed and killed by King
Srongtsen Gampo's soldiers. As a consequence, The Zhangzhung kingdom was annexed to Bod . Thereafter the new kingdom born of the unification of Zhangzhung and Bod was known as Bod rGyal-khab." R. A. Stein places the conquest of Zhangzhung in 645.
1785:(r. 650–676 CE). Gungsong Gungtsen is said to have only ruled for these five years and died at eighteen. Songtsen Gampo, returned to the throne. Gungsong Gungtsen is said to have been buried at Donkhorda, the site of the royal tombs, to the left of the tomb of his grandfather
2229:). As Sarat Chaundra explains, the two wives of Emperor Srong-btsan gambo are venerated under this name. The Chinese princess is called Dol-kar, of 'the white Dolma,' and the Nepalese princess Dol-jang, or 'the green Dolma.' The latter is prayed to by women for fecundity."
1769:. According to one partially damaged scroll from Dunhuang, there was hostility between Sa-tha-ma-kar and bTzan-srong, who was then forced to settle in gNyal (southeast of the Yarlung River and across the 5,090 metres (16,700 ft) Yartö Tra Pass, which borders on modern
1712:). Songtsen sponsored the building of two temples to house the images of Buddha brought by his Nepalese and Chinese wives, however he showed little interest in propagating Buddhism otherwise, and was buried according to pre-Buddhist protocols and rituals when he died.
1849:. The site itself was originally a herding ground called Rasa ("the place of goats") but the name was changed to Lhasa ("the place of gods") on the king's founding of the Jokhang Temple. The name Lhasa itself originally referred simply to the temple precincts.
2286:
Wang Xuanze made a second journey in 648, but he was badly treated by Harsha's usurper, his minister Arjuna, and Harsha's mission plundered. This elicited a response from
Tibetan and Nepalese (Licchavi) troops who, together, soundly defeated Arjuna's forces.
2176:
Sometime later, but still within the
Zhenguan period (627–650 CE), the Tibetans sent an envoy to present day Nepal, where the king received him "joyfully", and, later, when a Tibetan mission was attacked in present-day India by then minister of emperor
1834:. He then presented the script to the court and taught the king. Songsten Gampo then retired for four years to learn the written language, after which he translated twenty-one tantric texts on Avalokiteshvara, and the
2309:, Songtsen Gampo must have died in 649, and, in 650, the Tang emperor sent an envoy with a "letter of mourning and condolences". His tomb is in the Chongyas Valley near Yalung, 13 metres high and 130 metres long.
1762:
Tibetan Empire-era documents found at Dunhuang say that Songsten Gampo also had a sister Sad-mar-kar (or Sa-tha-ma-kar) and a younger brother bTzan-srong who was betrayed and died in a fire,
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The Mirror Illuminating the Royal Genealogies: Tibetan Buddhist Historiography : an Annotated Translation of the XIVth Century Tibetan Chronicle: RGyal-rabs Gsal- Baʼi Me-long
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kings and their attributed dates, from: "A Kushan-period Sculpture from the reign of Jaya Varma-, A.D. 184/185. Kathmandu, Nepal." Kashinath Tamot and Ian Alsop. See:
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The current head of the Royal House of Tibet and king in exile is a direct descendant of the Dharma kings and has been crowned King of Tibet by Tenzin Gyatso,
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However, according to Tibetologist John Powers, such accounts of Tibet embracing Chinese culture through Wencheng are not corroborated by Tibetan histories.
1510:). The exact date of his birth and his enthronement are not certain, and in Tibetan accounts it is generally accepted that he was born in an Ox year of the
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There are difficulties with the ascension dates, and several earlier dates for the birth of Songtsen Gampo have been suggested, including 569, 593 or 605.
2196:, left China in 640 to marry Songtsen Gampo, arriving the next year. Peace between China and Tibet prevailed for the remainder of Songtsen Gampo's reign.
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who had usurped the throne after emperor Harshavardhan's death around 647 CE, the Licchavi king came to their aid. Songtsen Gampo married Princess
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The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power Among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese During the Early Middle Ages
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in 649 and granted the Tibetan king's request for "silkworms' eggs, mortars and presses for making wine, and workmen to manufacture paper and ink."
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Songtsen Gampo had six consort queens, of whom four were Tibetan and two were foreign born. The highest-ranking consort was Pogong Mongza Tricham (
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2173:) usurped the throne. "The Tibetans gave him refuge and reestablished him on his throne ; that is how he became subject to Tibet."
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do seems to place these events clearly in the reign of Songtsen Gampo, for they say that in 634, Yangtong (Zhangzhung) and various
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Beckwith (1987), p. 20. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Fourth printing with new afterword and 1st paperback version.
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There is some confusion as to whether Central Tibet conquered Zhangzhung during the reign of Songtsen Gampo or in the reign of
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and travels the world speaking out for the human and religious rights of the Tibetan people, under the occupation of the
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and incarnation of Avalokiteśvara began in earnest in the indigenous Buddhist literary histories of the 11th century.
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1467:. He unified several Tibetan kingdoms, conquered lands adjacent to Tibet, and moved the capital to the Red Fort in
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1962. Revised English edition, 1972, Faber & Faber, London. Reprint, 1972. Stanford University Press, p. 62.
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1962. Revised English edition, 1972, Faber & Faber, London. Reprint, 1972. Stanford University Press, p. 62.
2739:, p. 192. Translated by McComas Taylor and Lama Choedak Yuthob. (1996) Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, New York.
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1962. Revised English edition, 1972, Faber & Faber, London. Reprint, 1972. Stanford University Press, p. 63.
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2664:. Translated by Samten Norboo. (1978), p. 77. Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, Dharamsala, H.P., India.
1984:
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2275:, who probably travelled through Tibet and whose journey is commemorated in inscriptions at Rajagrha - modern
2054:"altogether submitted to him." Following this, he united with the country of Yangtong to defeat the 'Azha, or
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and the art of writing came from India; material wealth and treasures from the Nepalis and the lands of the
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Administration and Law in the Tibetan Empire:The Section on Law and State and its Old Tibetan Antecedents
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3335:. 1900. Paris, Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient. Reprint: Taipei. Cheng Wen Publishing Co. 1969, p. 186.
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3519:(First published in paperback in 2013. ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 15.
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The Buddha party : how the people's Republic of China works to define and control Tibetan Buddhism
1940:, the city in which he is credited in one tradition with founding and establishing as his capital, and
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The History of Early Relations between China and Tibet: From Chiu t'ang-shu, a documentary survey
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Karmey, Samten G. (1975). "'A General Introduction to the History and Doctrines of Bon", p. 180.
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Six years later (c. 632/633), Myang Mang-po-rje Zhang-shang was accused of treason and executed (
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King Songtsen Gampo sculpture from Central Tibet, 17th century, gilt brass with traces of paint
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Traditional accounts say that, during the reign of Songtsen Gampo, examples of handicrafts and
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Temple, home of the most venerated statue in Tibet, the original complex built by this emperor
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Songtsen Gampo was adept at diplomacy as well as on the field of battle. The king's minister,
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He is also credited with bringing many new cultural and technological advances to Tibet. The
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Anne-Marie Blondeau, Yonten Gyatso, 'Lhasa, Legend and History,' in Françoise Pommaret(ed.)
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l. 607), the Chinese emperor agreed to send a Chinese princess for Songtsen Gampo to marry.
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3592:(D.Phil. Thesis, Tibetan and Himalayan Studies), Oriental Institute University of Oxford
1948:. During his reign, the translation of Buddhist texts from Sanskrit into Tibetan began.
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3153:, p. 30. Information Office of His Holiness The Dalai Lama, Dharamsala, H.P., India.
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Songtsen Gampo (center), Bhrikuti Devi of Nepal (left) and Princess Wencheng (right)
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Tibet launched victorious military attacks against Tang affiliates in 637 and 638.
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Songtsen Gampo's mother, the queen, is identified as a member of the Tsépong clan (
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Around 639, after Songtsen Gampo had a dispute with his younger brother Tsensong (
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said to have married 'A-zha Mang-mo-rje when he was thirteen, and they had a son,
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2893:"CCM Legacy Project: The Exiled King of Tibet, Namgyal Wangchuk Trichen Lhagyari"
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Statue of King Songtsen Gampo on horseback in front of the Songtsen Library in
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History as Propaganda Tibetan exiles versus the People's Republic of China
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Songtsen Gampo is considered to be the first of the three Dharma Kings (
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The Lhasa atlas: : traditional Tibetan architecture and townscape,
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Songtsen Gampo is traditionally credited with being the first to bring
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After a successful campaign against China in the frontier province of
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are similarly believed to be a manifestation. His identification as a
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The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History
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Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors
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Tibetan princess, "King Ligmikya of Zhangzhung, while on his way to
1841:
Songtsen Gampo moved the seat of his newly unified kingdom from the
3466:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
3415:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
3389:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
3344:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
3267:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
3254:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
3232:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
2965:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
2759:
Bushell, S. W. "The Early History of Tibet. From Chinese Sources."
2409:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. Appendix B, Page 16.
2009:
l. 4–5, Richardson 1965). Minister Mgar-srong-rtsan succeeded him.
1795:
notes that he "was still a minor when he succeeded to the throne."
6792:
6627:
6485:
6451:
6431:
6401:
6330:
5747:
5592:
5470:
5465:
5435:
5390:
5237:
5232:
5111:
4816:
4641:
4608:
4598:
2311:
2231:
2210:
2154:
2072:
2060:
2024:
1988:
1937:
1918:
1912:
1863:
1846:
1802:. His Majesty King Lhagyari Trichen Namgyal Wangchuk lives in the
1685:
1562:
1536:
1519:
1468:
1460:
1174:
1132:
1122:
1075:
502:
492:
175:
151:
3009:
Lhasa in the seventeenth century: the capital of the Dalai Lamas,
2803:
2801:
1917:
A statue of Songtsen Gampo in his traditional meditation cave at
6662:
5455:
5121:
4618:
2077:
1879:
1105:
74:
4174:
3838:
3280:
Richardson, Hugh E. (1965). "How Old was Srong Brtsan Sgampo,"
3075:
Beckwith, C. I. "The Revolt of 755 in Tibet", p. 3 note 7. In:
3011:
Brill Tibetan Studies Library, 3, Brill 2003, pp.15-38, pp15ff.
1660:, "the Mong clan wife", who is said to have been the mother of
6320:
4856:
2204:
1623:
2988:
The Clear Mirror: A Traditional Account of Tibet's Golden Age
2755:
2753:
2737:
The Clear Mirror: A Traditional Account of Tibet's Golden Age
1897:, while model laws and administration were imported from the
3483:. (1940), p. 30. Libraire orientaliste Paul Geunther, Paris.
3761:
Ancient Tibet: Research Materials from the Yeshe De Project
3505:(1967), p. 29. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
3356:
3354:
2990:, p. 106. (1996) Snow Lion Publications. Ithaca, New York.
2986:. Translated by McComas Taylor and Lama Choedak Yuthok as:
2687:
Ancient Tibet: Research materials from the Yeshe De Project
2641:
Ancient Tibet: Research materials from the Yeshe De Project
1889:
systems were imported from China and the Western Xia; the
1870:, a devout Buddhist, gave him the title variously written
1727:
sources give different mothers for Mangsong Mangtsen: the
3406:. Reprint: Mehra Offset Press, Delhi. 1988, p. 165, note.
3207:, p. 59. Stanford University Press, Stanford California.
3184:
The Search for Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History
1822:
and other young Tibetans to India to devise a script for
3481:
Documents de Touen-houang relatifs à l'Histoire du Tibet
3186:, pp. 127-128. (1999). Reprint: (2000). Abacus, London.
2436:
2434:
1878:, "Cloth-tribute King" and 3,000 rolls of multicoloured
1866:
army in support of Chinese envoys, the Chinese Emperor,
1573:
says that it is believed that he was a manifestation of
3718:(. ed.). New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
2259:
Following the visit by the famous Chinese pilgrim monk
2199:
Both wives are considered to have been incarnations of
1987:, with the aid of troops from Zhangzhung, defeated the
1684:. Well-known even today are his two foreign wives: the
2616:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2553:
2493:
1486:
His mother, the queen, is identified as Driza Thökar (
3664:
The Story of Tibet: Conversations with The Dalai Lama
2874:"His Majesty King Lhagyari Trichen Wangchuk of Tibet"
2677:, p. 27. Yale University Press. New Haven and London.
2256:
control of most, if not all, of the Tibetan plateau.
1514:. He ascended the throne at age thirteen, circa 618.
1483:, the first literary and spoken language of Tibet.
6763:
6678:
6593:
6291:
6193:
6076:
5773:
5701:
5528:
5401:
5341:
4976:
4842:
4782:
4627:
4519:
4449:
4303:
4248:
4076:
4047:
4013:
3970:
3935:
3914:
3874:
1664:. Other notable wives include a noble woman of the
1545:
of Songtsen Gampo surrounded by cultivated fields (
392:
384:
373:
361:
328:
318:
308:
292:
276:
260:
246:
197:
182:
158:
124:
120:
105:
95:
84:
70:
34:
3661:
3077:Weiner Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde
2105:. They had been subject to the Chinese since 624.
1845:to the Kyichu Valley, site of the future city of
3151:The Necklace of Gzi, A Cultural History of Tibet
3108:Memoirs of Research Department of The Toyo Bunko
2517:
2935:
3753:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
3333:Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux
3118:
3116:
3058:(1981), p. 75. Royal Asiatic Society, London.
2628:
27:Tibetan king and founder of the Tibetan Empire
4186:
3850:
2811:. 2 Vols. Shambhala, Boston, Vol. II, p. 372.
1719:, died before his father, so his younger son
1352:
8:
4968:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2918:
2916:
2914:
1862:, states that after the defeat in 648 of an
3736:(1965). "How Old was Srong Brtsan Sgampo".
1553:It is said that Songtsen Gampo was born at
4193:
4179:
4171:
3857:
3843:
3835:
3798:
3709:. Paris: Librairie d'Amérique et d'orient.
2891:County College of Morris (12 March 2015).
2822:"Buddhism and Empire III: the Dharma King"
2135:), possibly at the behest of the emperor.
1747:). It is unlikely that the mother was the
1735:(Princess Wencheng) of Songtsen while the
1359:
1345:
432:
55:
31:
3794:A Kushan Period Sculpture on Asianart.com
3315:. Serindia Publications, London, p. 71.
2849:"Houseguest, Teenager and King of Tibet"
2788:. Serindia Publications, London, p. 70.
2772:
2505:
2440:
1592:
6155:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
3618:Gyatso, Janet; Havnevik, Hanna (2005).
2689:. 1986. Dharma Publishing, California.
2643:. 1986. Dharma Publishing, California.
2397:
2377:
2329:
2044:(r. 755 until 797 or 804 CE). The
2029:Emperor Songtsen Gampo with Princesses
1755:did not use the honorific kinship term
1455:with the influence of his Nepali queen
1447:Kings of Tibet, he formally introduced
444:
6358:List of Buddhist architecture in China
3056:A Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions
3024:Serindia Publications, Inc., 2001 p.14
2604:
2541:
2451:
2449:
1692:("the great lady, the Nepalese wife",
1561:, a region to the northeast of modern
257:
3393:, Vol. XII, 1880, pp. 529-530, n. 31.
2899:from the original on 13 December 2021
2735:Gyaltsen, Sakyapa Sonam (1312-1375).
2529:
2294:was conferred upon Songtsen Gampo by
1967:— who established Buddhism in Tibet.
1384:
1378:
166:Zelmogang, Penyül, Tibet (modern day
7:
3468:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3417:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3391:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3346:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3269:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3256:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3234:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
2967:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
2761:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1435:), was the 33rd Tibetan king of the
2926:, Treasury of Lives, September 2010
2165:(or Narendradeva), died, an uncle,
2149:records that when the king of 泥婆羅,
6145:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3404:Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet
2089:He next attacked and defeated the
1533:Early life and cultural background
829:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
25:
3348:, Vol. XII, 1880, pp. 529, n. 31.
3037:. 10 January 2009. Archived from
2496:, pp. 161, b.449, 191 n.560.
2185:, the daughter of King Licchavi.
1991:in northeastern Tibet circa 627 (
1818:Songtsen Gampo sent his minister
6826:
6816:
6815:
6373:Thai temple art and architecture
6118:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
4358:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
4224:
4211:
4201:
3543:Beckwith, Christopher I (1993).
2847:Spears, Dorothy (11 June 2010).
454:
406:
299:
164:(aged 79-92 years) approximately
4225:
3749:Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. (1967).
3258:, Vol. XII, 1880, p. 528, n. 13
2984:Clear Mirror on Royal Genealogy
2673:Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. (1967).
1626:Wife named White Skull Woman",
6363:Japanese Buddhist architecture
6165:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
5245:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
4436:Places where the Buddha stayed
3687:. Bloomington: Eastern Press.
3549:. Princeton University Press.
3313:Early Temples of Central Tibet
3236:, Vol. XII, 1880, pp. 443-444.
2956:Beckwith (1987), p. 25, n. 71.
2786:Early Temples of Central Tibet
2367:
2358:
1565:, the son of the Yarlung king
1431:
1422:
1:
6378:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
3624:. Columbia University Press.
1763:
1571:The Holder of the White Lotus
130:
88:
6864:7th-century monarchs in Asia
6135:Buddhism and the Roman world
6111:Decline of Buddhism in India
6106:History of Buddhism in India
4206: Topics in
3573:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
3402:Das, Sarat Chandra. (1902),
3079:. Nos. 10-11. Vienna, 1983.
2459:, Dharamsala: Tibetan Museum
1739:says it was Mangmoje Trikar
1654:pho gong mong bza' khri lcam
5333:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
5073:
3867:Kings and Emperors of Tibet
3642:Tibet Handbook: With Bhutan
3245:Beckwith (1987), pp. 22-23.
2617:bsod nams rgyal mtshan 1994
2593:bsod nams rgyal mtshan 1994
2581:bsod nams rgyal mtshan 1994
2569:bsod nams rgyal mtshan 1994
2554:bsod nams rgyal mtshan 1994
2494:bsod nams rgyal mtshan 1994
2221:, where "Dolma, or Drolma (
2205:
2097:state in 942 CE), the
2021:The conquest of Zhang Zhung
775:
6920:
6879:7th-century Tibetan people
6283:The unanswerable questions
3751:Tibet: A Political History
3707:Histoire ancienne du Tibet
3503:Tibet: A Political History
2675:Tibet: A Political History
2629:Gyatso & Havnevik 2005
2457:Glimpse of Tibetan History
1808:People's Republic of China
1723:inherited the throne. Two
1680:), and a noble woman from
1380:[sroŋpt͡sanzɡampo]
230:Minyakza Gyelmotsün (from
6811:
6368:Buddhist temples in Korea
4931:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
4834:Three planes of existence
4441:Buddha in world religions
4220:
3823:
3814:
3806:
3801:
3758:Yeshe De Project (1986).
3419:, Vol. XII, 1880, p. 545.
3271:, Vol. XII, 1880, p. 444.
3035:"Buddhism - Kagyu Office"
2969:, Vol. XII, 1880, p. 446.
2807:Snellgrove, David. 1987.
2763:, Vol. XII, 1880, p. 443.
2340:
1700:) as well as the Chinese
1698:bal mo bza' khri btsun ma
1491:
1394:
1386:[sɔ́ŋt͡sɛ̃ɡʌ̀mpo]
283:
265:
256:
54:
45:
6884:Child monarchs from Asia
6150:Persecution of Buddhists
5371:Four stages of awakening
4752:Three marks of existence
4338:Physical characteristics
3597:Dudjom Rinpoche (1991).
3588:Dotson, Brandon (2006),
3515:Schaik, Sam Van (2013).
3470:, Vol. XII, 1880, p. 446
3149:Norbu, Namkhai. (1981).
1985:Nyang Mangpoje Shangnang
1909:Introduction of Buddhism
1814:Cultural accomplishments
1524:The Songtsen Library in
858:Practices and attainment
846:Pointing-out instruction
757:Three marks of existence
342:Nyang Mangpoje Shangnang
133:557 to 569 approximately
5513:Ten principal disciples
4396:(aunt, adoptive mother)
3645:. Footprint Handbooks.
3603:. Wisdom Publications.
3501:Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D.
3311:Vitali, Roberto. 1990.
2784:Vitali, Roberto. 1990.
2619:, p. 200 note 562.
2595:, p. 302 note 910.
2583:, p. 302 note 913.
2571:, p. 302 note 904.
2556:, p. 161 note 447.
2217:, the female aspect of
2194:Emperor Taizong of Tang
1903:Second Turkic Khaganate
1731:say the mother was the
1715:Songtsen Gampo's heir,
1451:to Tibet and built the
1439:and the founder of the
172:Tibet Autonomous Region
148:Tibet Autonomous Region
6223:Buddhism and democracy
5736:Tibetan Buddhist canon
5731:Chinese Buddhist canon
4963:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4958:Early Buddhist schools
3738:Bulletin of Tibetology
3660:Laird, Thomas (2006).
3565:bsod nams rgyal mtshan
3517:Tibet : a history
3428:Powers 2004, pp. 30-38
3282:Bulletin of Tibetology
3122:Powers 2004, pp. 168-9
3020:Amund Sinding-Larsen,
2320:
2241:
2066:
2037:
1921:
1598:
1550:
1529:
1227:Tibetan Buddhist canon
414:This article contains
189:Muri Mukpo Mausoleum,
6894:Deified male monarchs
6889:7th-century Buddhists
6233:Eight Consciousnesses
4343:Life of Buddha in art
4039:Lha Thothori Nyantsen
3714:Powers, John (2004).
3639:Gyurme Dorje (1999).
3331:Chavannes, Édouard .
3203:Stein, R. A. (1972).
3140:Pelliot 1961, pp. 3-4
2947:Dorje (1999), p. 201.
2518:Yeshe De Project 1986
2405:Powers, John (2016).
2315:
2298:, the emperor of the
2235:
2093:who later formed the
2064:
2028:
1916:
1745:mang mo rje khri skar
1672:("Western Xia wife",
1596:
1540:
1523:
1443:. The first of three
1413:; 569–649/650), also
802:Dependent origination
377:Era of Fragmentation
350:Khyungpo Pungse Sutse
310:Wylie transliteration
6710:East Asian religions
6140:Buddhism in the West
5711:Early Buddhist texts
5326:Four Right Exertions
4792:Ten spiritual realms
4285:Noble Eightfold Path
3439:Tibetan Civilization
3362:Tibetan Civilization
3302:Pelliot 1961, pg. 12
3205:Tibetan Civilization
3041:on 20 February 2010.
2936:Dudjom Rinpoche 1991
2907:– via YouTube.
2708:Tibetan Civilization
2508:, p. 19 n. 31..
2290:In 649, the King of
1959:) — Songtsen Gampo,
1301:History and overview
700:Samding Dorje Phagmo
565:Second dissemination
354:Gar Tongtsen Yülsung
346:Gar Mangsham Sumnang
144:Maizhokunggar County
6833:Religion portal
6580:Temple of the Tooth
6459:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
5498:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
4991:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
4774:Two truths doctrine
4594:Mahapajapati Gotamī
4394:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3988:Detrul Namshungtsen
3734:Richardson, Hugh E.
3683:Lee, Don Y (1981).
3097:Powers 2004, pg. 31
2520:, pp. 222–225.
2203:(Standard Tibetan:
1403:srong btsan sgam po
1088:Institutional roles
527:First dissemination
314:Srong-btsan sGam-po
284:Khri Songtsen Gampo
191:Valley of the Kings
6869:7th-century births
6755:Western philosophy
6353:Dzong architecture
6175:Vipassana movement
6170:Buddhist modernism
5598:Emperor Wen of Sui
5366:Pratyekabuddhayāna
5299:Threefold Training
5101:Vipassana movement
4817:Hungry Ghost realm
4637:Avidyā (Ignorance)
4584:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
4333:Great Renunciation
4328:Eight Great Events
4210:
3479:Bacot, J., et al.
3052:Richardson, Hugh E
2922:Samten Chhosphel,
2853:The New York Times
2697:, p. 215, 224-225.
2470:"སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ།"
2321:
2319:as it stands today
2267:, the king ruling
2242:
2157:"), the father of
2067:
2038:
1922:
1874:, "Guest King" or
1759:(mother) for her.
1632:bri bza' thod dkar
1599:
1551:
1530:
1500:bri bza' thod dkar
1279:Tree of physiology
819:Four Tenets system
426:Tibetan characters
6899:Founding monarchs
6859:Buddhist monarchs
6854:Emperors of Tibet
6841:
6840:
6479:Om mani padme hum
6185:Women in Buddhism
6101:Buddhist councils
5971:Western countries
5759:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
5520:Shaolin Monastery
5097:Samatha-vipassanā
4707:Pratītyasamutpāda
4511:Metteyya/Maitreya
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4258:Four Noble Truths
4168:
4167:
4099:Mangsong Mangtsen
4091:Gungsong Gungtsen
3833:
3832:
3827:Mangsong Mangtsen
3824:Succeeded by
3771:978-0-89800-146-4
3725:978-0-19-517426-7
3675:978-0-8021-1827-1
3652:978-1-900949-33-0
3631:978-0-231-13098-1
3610:978-0-86171-734-7
3580:978-3-447-03510-1
3526:978-0-300-19410-4
3131:Lee 1981, pp. 7-9
3088:Lee 1981, pp. 6-7
2775:, pp. 19–20.
2660:Choephel, Gedun.
2305:According to the
2190:Princess Wencheng
2085:Further campaigns
1824:Classical Tibetan
1783:Mangsong Mangtsen
1775:Arunachal Pradesh
1721:Mangsong Mangtsen
1717:Gungsong Gungtsen
1704:("Chinese Wife",
1702:Princess Wencheng
1662:Gungsong Gungtsen
1643:bring ma tog dgos
1492:འབྲི་བཟའ་ཐོད་དཀར་
1481:Classical Tibetan
1369:
1368:
1331:Index of articles
947:Major monasteries
905:Tantra techniques
824:Rangtong-Shentong
732:10th Panchen Lama
521:Key personalities
422:rendering support
402:
401:
288:
287:
251:Gungsong Gungtsen
222:Princess Wencheng
115:Mangsong Mangtsen
110:Gungsong Gungtsen
16:(Redirected from
6911:
6831:
6830:
6819:
6818:
6658:Sacred languages
6506:Maya Devi Temple
6469:Mahabodhi Temple
6273:Secular Buddhism
6238:Engaged Buddhism
5078:
4926:Tibetan Buddhism
4877:Vietnamese Thiền
4476:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4228:
4227:
4215:
4205:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4172:
4146:
4123:
4122:(empress regent)
4113:
4095:
4057:Trinyen Songtsen
3916:Two Middle Kings
3868:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3836:
3821:605 or 617?–649
3817:Emperor of Tibet
3807:Preceded by
3799:
3775:
3754:
3745:
3729:
3710:
3698:
3679:
3667:
3656:
3635:
3614:
3593:
3584:
3560:
3531:
3530:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3464:
3458:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3420:
3413:
3407:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3358:
3349:
3342:
3336:
3329:
3323:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3285:
3278:
3272:
3265:
3259:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3224:
3201:
3195:
3177:
3171:
3160:
3154:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3111:
3110:, No, 33. Tokyo.
3104:
3098:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3018:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2976:
2970:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2920:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2876:. Archived from
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2828:. 21 August 2008
2818:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2757:
2748:
2733:
2727:
2704:
2698:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2662:The White Annals
2658:
2652:
2638:
2632:
2631:, p. 32-34.
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2444:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2402:
2381:
2379:
2369:
2360:
2342:
2334:
2263:to the court of
2208:
2146:Old Book of Tang
2047:Old Book of Tang
1859:Old Book of Tang
1792:Old Book of Tang
1768:
1765:
1512:Tibetan calendar
1493:
1465:Licchavi dynasty
1433:
1424:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1377:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1284:Festival thangka
778:
751:General Buddhist
458:
448:
447:Tibetan Buddhism
433:
410:
409:
397:Tibetan Buddhism
304:
303:
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215:Gyamoza Münchang
132:
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6326:Ordination hall
6287:
6189:
6160:Buddhist crisis
6072:
5769:
5721:Mahayana sutras
5697:
5693:Thích Nhất Hạnh
5524:
5397:
5337:
5287:Bodhisattva vow
4972:
4838:
4778:
4737:Taṇhā (Craving)
4672:Five hindrances
4623:
4515:
4445:
4299:
4244:
4216:
4199:
4169:
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4121:
4111:
4093:
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4032:Tridra Pungtsen
4009:
3966:
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3910:
3876:Seven Heavenly
3870:
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3863:
3829:
3820:
3812:
3782:
3772:
3764:. Dharma Publ.
3757:
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3682:
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3668:. Grove Press.
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3509:
3500:
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3492:Lee 1981, p. 13
3491:
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3457:pbk., pp. 58-59
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2880:on 23 May 2015.
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2544:, pp. 5–6.
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2326:
2192:, niece of the
2141:
2087:
2023:
2003:
1981:
1911:
1820:Thonmi Sambhota
1816:
1800:14th Dalai Lama
1766:
1591:
1547:Chyongye Valley
1535:
1473:Thonmi Sambhota
1471:. His minister
1437:Yarlung dynasty
1395:སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ
1375:
1365:
1336:
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1234:Mahayana sutras
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1080:
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727:14th Dalai Lama
722:13th Dalai Lama
706:
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677:
659:
641:
624:Patrul Rinpoche
566:
528:
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468:
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420:Without proper
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368:Yarlung dynasty
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202:Belmoza Tritsün
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168:Lhünzhub County
165:
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134:
129:
113:
66:
39:སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ
38:
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36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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5:
6917:
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6904:Avalokiteśvara
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6390:Greco-Buddhist
6382:
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6341:Burmese pagoda
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6123:Greco-Buddhism
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5765:Abhidharmadīpa
5762:
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5683:B. R. Ambedkar
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5282:Eight precepts
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5053:Five Strengths
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4692:Mental factors
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4459:Avalokiteśvara
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4132:Trisong Detsen
4129:
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4106:
4104:Tridu Songtsen
4101:
4096:
4088:
4086:Songtsen Gampo
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4068:Namri Songtsen
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3895:Dingtri Tsenpo
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3810:Namri Songtsen
3808:
3804:
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3802:Regnal titles
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3796:
3786:Licchavi Kings
3781:
3780:External links
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2307:Tibetan Annals
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2137:
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2042:Trisong Detsen
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2019:
2002:
1999:
1994:Tibetan Annals
1980:
1977:
1961:Trisong Detsen
1942:Tradruk Temple
1930:Tibetan people
1910:
1907:
1905:to the North.
1843:Yarlung Valley
1832:Tibetan script
1815:
1812:
1787:Namri Songtsen
1729:Tibetan Annals
1656:, also called
1636:Tibetan Annals
1612:Tibetan Annals
1590:
1587:
1577:, of whom the
1575:Avalokiteśvara
1567:Namri Songtsen
1534:
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1477:Tibetan script
1441:Tibetan Empire
1372:Songtsen Gampo
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285:
281:
280:
274:
273:
263:
262:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
242:Mongza Tricham
199:
195:
194:
188:
184:
180:
179:
160:
156:
155:
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
107:
103:
102:
100:Namri Songtsen
97:
93:
92:
86:
82:
81:
79:Tibetan Empire
68:
67:
60:
52:
51:
43:
42:
35:Songtsen Gampo
26:
24:
18:Songsten Gampo
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6916:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6822:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6595:Miscellaneous
6592:
6586:
6585:Vegetarianism
6583:
6581:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6407:Buddha in art
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6061:United States
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Padmasambhava
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5530:Major figures
5527:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5476:Western tulku
5474:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Five precepts
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:Dhamma vicaya
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5023:Buddhābhiṣeka
5021:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Enlightenment
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Dhamma theory
4655:
4653:
4652:Buddha-nature
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:Samantabhadra
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4078:Empire period
4075:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4061:Drongnyen Deu
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4049:Rising period
4046:
4040:
4037:
4035:Tritog Jetsen
4034:
4031:
4028:
4026:Tori Longtsen
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3934:
3928:Chatri Tsenpo
3927:
3925:
3924:Drigum Tsenpo
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:Siptri Tsenpo
3906:
3904:Dakrri Tsenpo
3903:
3901:Mertri Tsenpo
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:Nyatri Tsenpo
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3703:Pelliot, Paul
3700:
3696:
3694:0-939758-00-8
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3556:0-691-02469-3
3552:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3455:0-8047-0901-7
3452:
3448:
3447:0-8047-0806-1
3444:
3440:
3437:Stein, R. A.
3434:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3378:0-8047-0901-7
3375:
3371:
3370:0-8047-0806-1
3367:
3363:
3360:Stein, R. A.
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3321:0-906026-25-3
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3284:2.1. pp. 5-8.
3283:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3221:0-8047-0901-7
3218:
3214:
3213:0-8047-0806-1
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3192:0-349-11142-1
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3168:0-691-02469-3
3165:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3064:0-947593-00-4
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2996:1-55939-048-4
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:0-906026-25-3
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2773:Beckwith 1993
2769:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2745:1-55939-048-4
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2724:0-8047-0901-7
2721:
2717:
2716:0-8047-0806-1
2713:
2709:
2706:Stein, R. A.
2703:
2700:
2696:
2695:0-89800-146-3
2692:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2649:0-89800-146-3
2646:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2607:, p. 36.
2606:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:Beckwith 1993
2502:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:Claude Arpi,
2452:
2450:
2446:
2443:, p. 25.
2442:
2441:Shakabpa 1967
2437:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2416:9780199358151
2412:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:Harshavardhan
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:Yu.sna kug.ti
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:Tangut people
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:Qiang peoples
2049:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:United States
1801:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1432:Sōngzàn Gānbù
1428:
1420:
1416:
1415:Songzan Ganbu
1412:
1411:Songzän Gambo
1408:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1383:, pronounced
1381:
1373:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1138:Western tulku
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
948:
943:
942:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
855:
854:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
834:
833:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
779:
777:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
758:
755:
754:
750:
749:
746:
741:
740:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:Je Tsongkhapa
710:
709:
704:
703:
702:
701:
693:
692:
689:
686:
684:
683:Sakya Pandita
681:
680:
675:
674:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
657:
656:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
639:
638:
635:
632:
630:
629:Dudjom Lingpa
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
609:Yeshe Tsogyal
607:
606:
602:
601:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
564:
563:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:Padmasambhāva
532:
531:
526:
525:
522:
517:
516:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
467:
462:
461:
457:
453:
452:
449:
443:
439:
435:
434:
427:
423:
419:
417:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
372:
369:
366:
364:
360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
321:
317:
313:
311:
307:
302:
297:
295:
291:
282:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
252:
249:
245:
239:
233:
227:
223:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:Maizhokunggar
127:
123:
119:
116:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
64:
58:
53:
50:
49:
44:
33:
30:
19:
6773:Bodhisattvas
6693:Christianity
6688:Baháʼí Faith
6553:Dharmachakra
6543:Prayer wheel
6533:Prayer beads
6301:Architecture
6180:969 Movement
5964:Saudi Arabia
5942:Central Asia
5935:South Africa
5757:
5740:
5673:Panchen Lama
5602:
5578:Buddhapālita
5174:Satipatthana
5169:Mindful Yoga
5082:Recollection
4996:Brahmavihara
4867:Japanese Zen
4862:Chinese Chan
4822:Animal realm
4629:Key concepts
4451:Bodhisattvas
4263:Three Jewels
4142:Mutik Tsenpo
4116:
4085:
4064:Tagbu Nyasig
4016:
3973:
3960:Trongzhi Lek
3938:
3898:Sotri Tsenpo
3892:Mutri Tsenpo
3877:
3815:
3760:
3750:
3741:
3737:
3715:
3706:
3684:
3663:
3641:
3620:
3599:
3589:
3569:
3545:
3516:
3510:
3502:
3497:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3467:
3462:
3438:
3433:
3424:
3416:
3411:
3403:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3380:pbk., p. 59.
3361:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3327:
3312:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3204:
3199:
3183:
3175:
3158:
3150:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3107:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3055:
3047:
3039:the original
3029:
3021:
3016:
3008:
3003:
2987:
2983:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2931:
2923:
2901:. Retrieved
2886:
2878:the original
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2852:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2825:
2816:
2808:
2785:
2780:
2768:
2760:
2736:
2731:
2707:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2640:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2456:
2406:
2400:
2376:
2366:
2349:
2348:
2332:
2304:
2300:Tang dynasty
2296:Tang Gaozong
2289:
2285:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2226:
2198:
2188:The Chinese
2187:
2175:
2166:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2132:
2125:brtsan srong
2124:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2088:
2071:
2068:
2045:
2039:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1992:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1950:
1923:
1887:astrological
1884:
1875:
1871:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1835:
1828:constitution
1817:
1797:
1790:
1779:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1751:because the
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1714:
1710:rgya mo bza'
1709:
1697:
1678:mi nyag bza'
1677:
1669:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1631:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1570:
1552:
1543:burial mound
1516:
1507:
1499:
1485:
1475:created the
1430:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1371:
1370:
1274:Ashtamangala
1259:Sand mandala
1099:Panchen Lama
1066:Tashi Lhunpo
698:
619:Jigme Lingpa
548:
539:Śāntarakṣita
413:
388:Driza Thökar
336:
218:
205:
142:(modern day
46:
29:
6618:Dharma talk
6447:Asalha Puja
6243:Eschatology
6046:Switzerland
6026:New Zealand
5954:Middle East
5863:Philippines
5783:Afghanistan
5588:Bodhidharma
5573:Buddhaghosa
5493:Householder
5403:Monasticism
5356:Bodhisattva
5211:Prostration
5164:Mindfulness
5092:Anapanasati
5075:Kammaṭṭhāna
4872:Korean Seon
4812:Asura realm
4807:Human realm
4747:Ten Fetters
4702:Parinirvana
4604:Uppalavanna
4569:Mahākaccana
4554:Mahākassapa
4486:Kṣitigarbha
4481:Ākāśagarbha
4378:Suddhodāna
4323:Four sights
4250:Foundations
4137:Muné Tsenpo
4029:Tritsen Nam
4015:Five Later
4006:Detrin Tsen
3991:Senöl Namdé
3984:Zanam Zindé
3293:OTA l. 8-10
2605:Powers 2004
2542:Dotson 2006
2474:中国·西藏藏语言文字网
2273:Wang Xuance
2246:Jiu Tangshu
2171:Vishnagupta
2163:Naling Deva
2133:mkha' sregs
2112:in 635–36 (
2095:Western Xia
2014:Jiu Tangshu
1854:Jiu Tangshu
1836:Mani Kumbum
1777:in India).
1666:Western Xia
1583:cakravartin
1579:Dalai Lamas
1569:. The book
1508:Zhisa Tögar
1374:(Classical
993:Mindrolling
790:Bodhisattva
592:Sukhasiddhi
582:Abhayakirti
278:Regnal name
271:7th century
267:6th century
96:Predecessor
6874:649 deaths
6848:Categories
6735:Psychology
6715:Gnosticism
6703:Comparison
6698:Influences
6680:Comparison
6563:Bhavacakra
6521:Kushinagar
6496:Pilgrimage
6442:Māgha Pūjā
6397:Bodhi Tree
6213:Buddhology
6203:Abhidharma
6195:Philosophy
6128:Menander I
5996:Costa Rica
5947:Uzbekistan
5788:Bangladesh
5742:Dhammapada
5726:Pali Canon
5688:Ajahn Chah
5668:Dalai Lama
5568:Kumārajīva
5563:Vasubandhu
5538:The Buddha
5446:Zen master
5381:Sakadagami
5361:Buddhahood
5292:Pratimokṣa
5107:Shikantaza
5063:Meditation
5038:Deity yoga
4909:Madhyamaka
4802:Deva realm
4697:Mindstream
4647:Bodhicitta
4559:Aṅgulimāla
4426:Devadatta
4402:Yaśodharā
4305:The Buddha
4295:Middle Way
4145:(disputed)
4112:(disputed)
4094:(disputed)
3994:Senöl Podé
3788:A list of
2982:. (1328).
2530:Laird 2006
2388:References
2373:Wade–Giles
2368:Tǔbō/Tǔfán
2215:Compassion
1957:chos rgyal
1767: 641
1682:Zhangzhung
1620:tshes pong
1607:tshe spong
1289:Mani stone
1094:Dalai Lama
934:Buddhahood
922:Dream yoga
912:Deity yoga
888:Meditation
876:Bodhicitta
614:Longchenpa
544:Kamalaśīla
238:Zhangzhung
226:Tang China
6803:Festivals
6783:Buddhists
6745:Theosophy
6548:Symbolism
6538:Hama yumi
6511:Bodh Gaya
6278:Socialism
6253:Evolution
6228:Economics
6066:Venezuela
5981:Australia
5976:Argentina
5900:Sri Lanka
5895:Singapore
5813:Indonesia
5775:Countries
5716:Tripiṭaka
5678:Ajahn Mun
5553:Nagarjuna
5548:Aśvaghoṣa
5431:Anagārika
5426:Śrāmaṇerī
5421:Śrāmaṇera
5416:Bhikkhunī
5376:Sotāpanna
5265:Passaddhi
5206:Offerings
5181:Nekkhamma
5058:Iddhipada
4978:Practices
4948:Theravada
4921:Vajrayana
4914:Yogachara
4884:Pure Land
4797:Six Paths
4784:Cosmology
4564:Anuruddha
4539:Sāriputta
4529:Kaundinya
4521:Disciples
4496:Vajrapāṇi
4348:Footprint
4313:Tathāgata
4160:Langdarma
4150:Sadnalegs
4127:Mé Aktsom
4003:Degyel Po
3997:Senöl Nam
3954:Tisho Lek
3951:Desho Lek
3215:(cloth);
2651:, p. 216.
2425:947145370
2393:Citations
2292:Xihai Jun
2219:Chenrezig
1737:Genealogy
1688:princess
1668:known as
1153:Festivals
917:Guru yoga
900:Vajrayana
869:Pāramitās
769:Cosmology
745:Teachings
670:Taranatha
261:Era dates
106:Successor
91:618 – 650
6821:Category
6750:Violence
6720:Hinduism
6668:Sanskrit
6623:Hinayana
6608:Amitābha
6568:Swastika
6437:Uposatha
6427:Holidays
6412:Calendar
6258:Humanism
6096:Kanishka
6086:Timeline
5910:Thailand
5878:Kalmykia
5873:Buryatia
5858:Pakistan
5843:Mongolia
5838:Maldives
5833:Malaysia
5798:Cambodia
5663:Shamarpa
5658:Nichiren
5608:Xuanzang
5543:Nagasena
5461:Rinpoche
5191:Pāramitā
5033:Devotion
4953:Navayana
4941:Dzogchen
4904:Nichiren
4852:Mahayana
4844:Branches
4722:Saṅkhāra
4471:Mañjuśrī
4428:(cousin)
4420:(cousin)
4388:(mother)
4380:(father)
4368:Miracles
4318:Birthday
4235:Glossary
4208:Buddhism
4155:Ralpacan
4118:Thrimalö
4000:Senöl Po
3963:Isho Lek
3957:Guru Lek
3948:Esho Lek
3790:Licchavi
3705:(1961).
3567:(1994).
2978:Sakyapa
2903:26 March
2897:Archived
2858:26 March
2832:26 March
2281:Bodhgaya
2261:Xuanzang
2223:Sanskrit
2183:Bhrikuti
2159:Licchavi
2110:Songzhou
2035:Bhrikuti
2031:Wencheng
1965:Ralpacan
1926:Buddhism
1876:Zongwang
1749:btsan mo
1733:btsan mo
1725:Dunhuang
1690:Bhrikuti
1670:Minyakza
1526:Dehradun
1457:Bhrikuti
1449:Buddhism
1376:Tibetan:
1312:Timeline
1180:Dosmoche
1116:Rinpoche
1005:Narthang
964:Dzogchen
841:Dzogchen
694:Bodongpa
597:Milarepa
559:Ralpacan
438:a series
436:Part of
393:Religion
247:Children
128:Songtsen
63:Dehradun
6798:Temples
6778:Buddhas
6740:Science
6730:Judaism
6725:Jainism
6643:Lineage
6603:Abhijñā
6573:Thangka
6516:Sarnath
6501:Lumbini
6422:Funeral
6417:Cuisine
6293:Culture
6268:Reality
6218:Creator
6208:Atomism
6078:History
6051:Ukraine
6011:Germany
5930:Senegal
5920:Vietnam
5848:Myanmar
5648:Shinran
5638:Karmapa
5613:Shandao
5583:Dignāga
5508:Śrāvaka
5488:Donchee
5483:Kappiya
5441:Sayadaw
5411:Bhikkhu
5386:Anāgāmi
5343:Nirvana
5309:Samadhi
5196:Paritta
5137:Tonglen
5132:Mandala
5087:Smarana
5068:Mantras
5016:Upekkha
4986:Bhavana
4936:Shingon
4889:Tiantai
4742:Tathātā
4732:Śūnyatā
4727:Skandha
4717:Saṃsāra
4712:Rebirth
4687:Kleshas
4677:Indriya
4579:Subhūti
4464:Guanyin
4418:Ānanda
4410:Rāhula
4290:Nirvana
4230:Outline
3537:Sources
3449:cloth;
3372:cloth;
2718:cloth;
2479:9 April
2355:Chinese
2337:Tibetan
2317:Jokhang
2269:Magadha
2238:Jokhang
2211:Goddess
2209:), the
2151:Nipoluo
2099:Bailang
2056:Tuyuhun
1997:l. 2).
1934:Jokhang
1928:to the
1901:of the
1899:Uyghurs
1895:Mongols
1872:Binwang
1868:Gaozong
1549:, 1949)
1488:Tibetan
1453:Jokhang
1419:Chinese
1391:Tibetan
1324:Culture
1319:Outline
1307:History
1264:Thangka
1220:Tengyur
1215:Kangyur
1195:Losoong
1190:Sho Dun
1111:Karmapa
1071:Tsurphu
1032:Ramoche
1015:Pabonka
1010:Nechung
998:Namgyal
988:Labrang
976:Jokhang
959:Drepung
954:Tradruk
929:Thukdam
835:Nyingma
813:Tibetan
785:Rebirth
776:Saṃsāra
764:Skandha
705:Gelugpa
688:Gorampa
665:Dolpopa
603:Nyingma
473:Nyingma
466:Schools
330:Lönchen
294:Tibetan
224:, from
65:, India
6793:Sutras
6788:Suttas
6653:Siddhi
6638:Koliya
6613:Brahmā
6528:Poetry
6474:Mantra
6464:Kasaya
6336:Pagoda
6316:Kyaung
6311:Vihāra
6306:Temple
6248:Ethics
6091:Ashoka
6041:Sweden
6036:Poland
6031:Norway
6021:Mexico
6006:France
5991:Canada
5986:Brazil
5925:Africa
5905:Taiwan
5868:Russia
5793:Bhutan
5753:Vinaya
5633:Naropa
5623:Saraha
5558:Asanga
5314:Prajñā
5223:Refuge
5186:Nianfo
5147:Tertön
5142:Tantra
5127:Ganana
5117:Tukdam
5043:Dhyāna
5011:Mudita
5006:Karuṇā
4899:Risshū
4894:Huayan
4827:Naraka
4767:Anattā
4762:Dukkha
4757:Anicca
4662:Dharma
4614:Channa
4549:Ānanda
4534:Assaji
4501:Skanda
4404:(wife)
4373:Family
4353:Relics
4278:Sangha
4273:Dharma
4268:Buddha
3972:Eight
3768:
3722:
3691:
3672:
3649:
3628:
3607:
3577:
3553:
3523:
3453:
3445:
3376:
3368:
3319:
3219:
3211:
3190:
3166:
3062:
2994:
2792:
2743:
2722:
2714:
2693:
2647:
2423:
2413:
2375::
2365::
2363:pinyin
2357::
2279:– and
2277:Rajgir
2265:Harsha
2225:means
2206:Drolma
2073:Sum-ba
1973:vihara
1963:, and
1946:Nêdong
1891:dharma
1864:Indian
1773:, and
1771:Bhutan
1753:Annals
1686:Nepali
1658:Mongza
1589:Family
1559:Meldro
1445:Dharma
1429::
1427:pinyin
1421::
1185:Monlam
1165:Dajyur
1128:Tertön
1027:Ralung
1022:Palcho
981:Kumbum
971:Ganden
864:Lamrim
795:Dharma
658:Jonang
634:Mipham
587:Niguma
577:Talika
498:Jonang
488:Bodong
385:Mother
374:Father
269:&
232:Tangut
183:Burial
48:Tsenpo
6765:Lists
6633:Kalpa
6628:Iddhi
6491:Music
6486:Mudra
6452:Vassa
6432:Vesak
6402:Budai
6348:Candi
6331:Stupa
6263:Logic
6016:Italy
5915:Tibet
5853:Nepal
5823:Korea
5818:Japan
5808:India
5803:China
5748:Sutra
5703:Texts
5653:Dōgen
5643:Hōnen
5628:Atiśa
5593:Zhiyi
5503:Achar
5471:Tulku
5466:Geshe
5451:Rōshi
5436:Ajahn
5391:Arhat
5351:Bodhi
5321:Vīrya
5238:Sacca
5233:Satya
5228:Sādhu
5216:Music
5159:Merit
5152:Terma
5112:Zazen
5048:Faith
5001:Mettā
4682:Karma
4642:Bardo
4609:Asita
4599:Khema
4589:Upāli
4574:Nanda
4412:(son)
4386:Māyā
4363:Films
4240:Index
4019:Kings
3976:Kings
3941:Kings
3880:Kings
2345:Wylie
2324:Notes
2161:king
2155:Nepal
2129:Wylie
2121:Wylie
1989:Sumpa
1953:Wylie
1938:Lhasa
1919:Yerpa
1856:, or
1847:Lhasa
1741:Wylie
1706:Wylie
1694:Wylie
1674:Wylie
1650:Wylie
1639:Wylie
1628:Wylie
1616:Wylie
1603:Wylie
1563:Lhasa
1555:Gyama
1496:Wylie
1469:Lhasa
1461:Nepal
1459:, of
1399:Wylie
1208:Texts
1175:Losar
1133:Tulku
1123:Geshe
1076:Yerpa
1059:Shalu
1049:Sanga
1044:Sakya
893:Laity
807:Karma
676:Sakya
647:Marpa
640:Kagyu
572:Atiśa
503:Gelug
493:Kagyu
483:Sakya
478:Kadam
363:House
210:Nepal
198:Wives
176:China
152:China
140:Tibet
85:Reign
6663:Pāḷi
6648:Māra
6558:Flag
5959:Iran
5883:Tuva
5828:Laos
5456:Lama
5304:Śīla
5272:Śīla
5260:Pīti
5250:Sati
5201:Puja
5122:Koan
5028:Dāna
4619:Yasa
4506:Tārā
4017:Tsen
3937:Six
3766:ISBN
3744:(1).
3720:ISBN
3689:ISBN
3670:ISBN
3647:ISBN
3626:ISBN
3605:ISBN
3575:ISBN
3551:ISBN
3521:ISBN
3451:ISBN
3443:ISBN
3374:ISBN
3366:ISBN
3317:ISBN
3217:ISBN
3209:ISBN
3188:ISBN
3164:ISBN
3060:ISBN
2992:ISBN
2905:2018
2860:2018
2834:2018
2790:ISBN
2741:ISBN
2726:pbk.
2720:ISBN
2712:ISBN
2691:ISBN
2645:ISBN
2481:2022
2421:OCLC
2411:ISBN
2244:The
2236:The
2227:Tara
2201:Tara
2143:The
2139:640s
2103:Domi
2078:Amdo
2033:and
2012:The
2001:630s
1979:620s
1880:silk
1541:The
1504:ZYPY
1479:and
1423:松贊干布
1407:ZYPY
1106:Lama
1054:Sera
1037:Rato
508:Rimé
337:list
162:649
159:Died
125:Born
75:King
72:33rd
6385:Art
6321:Wat
4857:Zen
4109:Lha
3939:Lek
3878:Tri
2350:bod
2341:བོད
2213:of
2114:OTA
2007:OTA
1944:in
1936:in
1757:yum
1645:).
1630:: '
1624:Bri
1557:in
1498:: '
1463:'s
1389:) (
1252:Art
320:THL
219:aka
206:aka
186:651
77:of
6850::
5887:ru
3974:De
3740:.
3353:^
3182:.
3115:^
3054:.
2913:^
2895:.
2851:.
2824:.
2800:^
2752:^
2561:^
2472:.
2448:^
2433:^
2419:.
2371:;
2361:;
2359:吐蕃
2353:;
2347::
2343:,
2339::
2302:.
2283:.
2169:,
2153:("
2131::
2123::
1975:.
1955::
1838:.
1810:.
1764:c.
1743::
1708::
1696::
1676::
1652::
1641::
1634:,
1618::
1609:,
1605::
1506::
1502:,
1494:,
1490::
1425:;
1409::
1405:,
1401::
1397:,
1393::
440:on
138:,
131:c.
112:or
89:c.
5889:)
5885:(
5103:)
5099:(
4194:e
4187:t
4180:v
3858:e
3851:t
3844:v
3774:.
3742:2
3728:.
3697:.
3678:.
3655:.
3634:.
3613:.
3583:.
3559:.
3529:.
3223:.
3194:.
3170:.
3066:.
2998:.
2938:.
2862:.
2836:.
2747:.
2532:.
2483:.
2427:.
2076:(
1417:(
1360:e
1353:t
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418:.
240:)
234:)
228:)
217:(
212:)
204:(
178:)
174:,
170:,
154:)
150:,
146:,
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