Torah scroll (Yemenite) - Knowledge (XXG)

4488:את חטאי אני מזכיר היום כי הבאתי עמי ס"ת מכתיבת סופרי תימן וכאשר הגהתיה מצאתי בה השנויים הנז' ועוד (לבד איזה טעות סופר) ותיקנתיה עפ"י ספרים שלנו. ובהיותי אח"כ תשרי תרכ"ה בפאריז ראיתי בבית עקד הספרים של הגביר האדיר החכם הנכבד מו"ה הירץ גינצבורג נ"י העומדת תחת יד ידי"נ הרב החכם המפואר מוהר"ש זאקש נ"י ספר כ"י יקר להרב המאירי ז"ל קרית ספר. שמו על כל דיני ס"ת כתיבתו וקריאתו ומצויין בו כל החסרות ויתרות ופתוחות וסתומות לא הניח דבר קטון וגדול שלא העלה בספר הזה והוא מפליא לעשות מכל אשר לפניו ולאחריו. ואעתיק בזה בקיצור ריש מילין מפרק אחד הנצרך לענינינו וז"ל: "והריני כותב כאן כתב שלחו הרב הנזכר (הרמ"ה ז"ל) לחכמי בורגיש שטרחו על זה (בהגהת ס"ת) עם ספר הידוע להלל הזקן שנקרא ביניהם הללויה. ובספרים ישנים לגאונים הראשונים של רב שרירא ורבינו האיי וכשבאו ספרי רבינו משה (הרמב"ם ז"ל) אצלם וראו סדריו בענין זה שלחו לו (להרמ"ה) והשיב להם אחרי המליצית והשבחים כו' כו' וז"ל: "ועתה אמת אגיד לכם כי כל הספרים אשר הגיעו לידינו מספרי רבינו משה ע"ה בענין הפתוחות והסתומות כולם היו מוטעים טעיות משונות זה מזה מפני דברי הספר שהיו מסותמים והמעתיקים ממנו באו להכריע מדעתם והוסיף כל אחד וגרע כפי הכרע דעתו והשחיתו את הספרים בדברים אשר בדו מלבם ואשר הכריעו מדעתם ואני הוצרכתי לחקור ולדרוש כו' וכו' ושלחתי למארסילי' לחכם המובהק שמואל אבן תיבון הרופא ובקשתי ממנו לשלוח לי נוסח הפרשיות הסתומות והפתוחות מן הספר המועתק מספר הרב שבא עמו למארשילי' ושהרב זכרונו לברכה חתם עליו בחתימת ידו וגם זה מן הספר שכתבתי אני שלא בפני אני משה בר' מיימון הספרדי וכן עשה ושלחם אלי בזריזות ומצאתי בפתשגן הכתב כו' את כל הדברים אשר הכרעת דעתי כי אמת הי' כו' ושארי הדברים המסותמים לא נתבררו לי מן הספר ההוא עד אשר הוצרכתי לשוב ולחקור ולדרוש כו' ונתגלו לי שאריתם בעזרת החונן לאדם דעת והנם כתובים בקונטירס הזה השלוח אליכם כו' פתוחות וסתומות לא פתוחה ולא סתומה אלא סדורה כ"י וכן כתבתי לכם צורת שירת האזינו בשני סימנים אחד בשמות התיבות שבראש כל שטה ואחד בשמות התיבות שבראש כל שטה האחרון ... מאת המיוסר בתוכחת מוסר לא בשוטים כי אם בעקרבים עד שהוצרך להודיע צערו לרבים אולי יבקשו עליו רחמים מאת בעל הרחמים כותב לידידיו ורעיו מאיר הלוי בר' טודרוס 2553:(which almost completely agreed with that of masorete, Ben-Asher) – yet, without the aid or assistance of Maimonides who left no indication on how these words should be written, or just as they did also with the irregular letters written in the Torah, although here, too, Maimonides gave no indication about which of these letters should be made differently. While Ben Asher was the arbiter in cases of vocalization in the Aleppo Codex, he was not, admittedly, the scribe who wrote the text, which scribe was rather Shlomo ben Buya'a. Since the Leningrad Codex, a codex also proofread by Ben-Asher, stands at variance here with the Aleppo Codex's entry, one might only speculate if Ben-Asher ever totally agreed with everything written in those codices. Yishai ben Amram ha-Cohen Amadi (late 16th century), a man who had actually seen the Aleppo Codex and noted its rendition of 8667:) used in writing the Tefillin was never treated with any gall-like substance. (The reason being that leather, when treated with gall or similar substances, constricts and usually takes on a darker colour. Although this treatment gives the leather its durability, it makes writing on such parchment very difficult, as the ink tends to glide on the parchment and is not absorbed so readily into the leather. This makes writing the four portions of scripture in the Tefillin all the more difficult, since the strips of parchment were very small in order that they might be inserted within the phylactery boxes. For this reason, in Yemen as in other places of world Jewry, the leather used in writing the four portions of scripture for the Tefillin went without the treatment of gall, and was subsequently white.) 4396:) and he answered them after flowery speech and many praises, whose words were these: 'But presently I shall tell you the truth, that all the books that have reached us of those books written by Rabbeinu Moshe (Maimonides), may peace rest on him, with regard to open sections and closed sections, all of them were engrossed with different errors one from the other, since the words of the book were concealed , and those copyists who copied from it made rash decisions on their own, and each one added , and diminished according to his own understanding, thus defacing the books with things that they imagined in their heart to be true, and which they gave their opinion to, but which I was compelled to investigate and make inquiry into, etc., etc. And so, I sent to 3683:, and what to do with a tradition that differs, to which he replied: "We see that there are many differences between the scribes in the matter of the Open and Closed sections, while the books that are in Israel greatly differ in this matter, and we have already seen the exponents of our laws, of blessed memory, who have taken positions in each of these works, which thing has its rightful place, since we do not possess the Book of the Temple court, which we could meticulously learn from it about the matter, nor is there regarding this matter a tradition whereupon everyone agrees, to the extent that we could actually disqualify whatsoever contradicts it. Nevertheless, the right thing is to scrupulously attend to the matter, just as it appears in the 4408:. And so did he do, sending them to me with due speed, and I found in the copy of the writing, etc. all the things that you brought to my attention for a decision that they were true, etc. and that the other matters that were concealed were not made clear unto me by that book until I was compelled to once again search and inquire , etc., and it was revealed unto me their import by the help of Him who favors man with understanding. Now, behold! They are written in this booklet which is being sent to you, etc., open and closed , that which is neither an open nor a closed , but rather an arranged , in my own handwriting. Likewise, I have written for you the lay-out of the song 1540:‎ of Gen. 10:10. According to Zechariah ha-Rofé, the justification for making these letters altered from their natural shapes and forms, when there is no other rational explanation for doing so, is that God went out-of-his-way to change the natural order of speech, in Gen. 7:2, so as not to utter the words "defiled animals," although it was shorter, but rather used the more protracted words "animals that are not clean," and that Israelites are to emulate him. Perhaps, too, it is alluded by these forms that in this particular biblical reading, one is to exercise extra precaution so as not to utter a disparaging remark. 3804:(1989:298). These leaves, being astringent, have the same function as gall. A bath solution of the crushed leaves of this tree, into which raw leather had been inserted for prolonged soaking, would take only 15 days for curing. The water and leaves, however, required changing after seven or eight days, and the leather needed to be turned over daily. Usually such treatment would suffice, without the need of spreading any other salve onto the leather, but only in cases where there was an erasure and the newly applied ink would spread would scribes in Yemen practise " 264: 3926:), ground to a powder and steeped in water and exposed to the sun's rays for two or three days, sifted of its residue and its yellowish liquid added to the ink concoction only near the time of writing, and after the ink had once again been allowed to sit in the sun for more than a day in order to receive its luster. An excessive amount of gall was seen as detrimental to the ink, therefore, used sparingly, as also too many pomegranate rinds will cause the ink to fade. A little sugar was also added to the ink concoction, as well as 4491:וכותב עוד שם הרב המאירי ז"ל שבטולטילא הי' ספר נקרא ספר עזרא וספר אחד שנעתק מספר הרמ"ה הנז' והוגה פעמים רבות בחריצות נפלא ע"י כמה סופרים וחכמים בעיר הנז' בטרחה והוצאה מרובה והגיע אח"כ לידו עם כל העדיות של המגיהים והסופרים ועל פיו כתב בספרו זה קרית ספר כל מלה חסרה ויתרה פתוחות וסתומות בשנת גלות צרפת היא שנת חמשת אלפים וששים ושש לבריאת העולם עכ"ל. והנה מצאתי ראיתי בזה הקרית ספר כפי הכתוב בספרי תימן (ראה למעלה במצרים שהארכתי בכל פרטיהם.) ובחנם מחקתי ותקנתי ואם ראיתיו קודם לא נגעתי בה יד והוא רחום יכפר עון 3855:) that the scribe wanted to write a Torah scroll upon, he would go to the tanner, select for himself sheep hides that had been treated (cured) to his satisfaction, and the tanner would sell them to him in their imperfect state, without trimming and without modification. The scribe then brings them to his house, softens them by sprinkling water upon them, and then spreads them out and stretches them, and then smooths the face of the leather on its flesh side, by scraping it with an instrument called a 148:, every three pages equalled one column in the Sefer Torah. A recurring avowal appears in nearly all copies of codices penned by the Benayah family, namely, that the codex which lay before the reader was written "completely according to the arrangement of the book that was in Egypt, which was edited by Ben Asher...." Based on the preceding lines of this avowal, the reference is to the Open and Closed sections that were copied from the section on orthography in the Yemenite MS. of Maimonides’ 164: 3691:, but whatsoever is found to be different from it, no one is to give judgment concerning it that it is invalid, unless it is different from all the books that are in existence." The essence of the question implies that the Yemenites formerly had a different practice than that mentioned by Maimonides. The modern Yemenite Jewish custom with respect to the Open and Closed sections of the Torah follows that of Maimonides, in spite of the 7466:, copied down the Open and Closed sections of the Aleppo Codex for the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, and presented these to Cassuto. The Open and Closed sections for the book of Genesis were checked by Cassuto himself. In these findings, there emerged differences between the Aleppo Codex and the Yemenite tradition (based on Maimonides) in three different sections. See: Offer, Joseph (1989), pp. 325 –326 ). 4324:, open sections and closed sections, – nothing being left undone, whether small or great, which he did not bring out in that book. He has withal done far more than what could ever have been expected, whether it were of any man who came before him, or who should come after him. Now I shall copy here, in short, an outline of the matters from one of the chapters, being useful for the purport , and whose words are as follows: 3871:, and then marks on the two ends of the sheet of parchment with the aid of a tool called a ruler the number of lines that are customarily made, and thus he delineates lines after he had rubbed the face of the leather on the side facing the hairs, with a smooth stone, in a scrupulous manner, so that it will be fitting and make writing easier. He then divides the columns and, forthwith, begins his task . 643: 20: 4404:, the physician, and I asked him to send me an account of the closed and open sections from the book that was copied from the book belonging to that Rabbi (i.e. Maimonides) that came with him to Marseilles, and which said Rabbi (may his memory be blessed) had signed in his own handwriting; as also that which I, myself, had written down from the book (that was no longer before me), 1162:, brings down other traditions concerning the writing of large and small letters in the Torah scroll, but which traditions were not practised in Yemen, and therefore ought to be reckoned as his sole opinion (since they are not mentioned by the renowned Yemenite scribe David Benayah, neither are they written in the Hibshoosh Codex, nor mentioned by the last Chief Rabbi of Yemen, Rabbi 4074:.), and when coupled together with other sheets, the margins came to two fingerbreadths. The stitching of the sheets of parchment together was made differently from the practices found among other groups, in that the stitching made with ligaments was made closer together (appx. one centimeter between stitches) and more tightly fitting in Yemenite scrolls. As required in 2175:(1603–1673). After these six lines there is a space followed by the Prosaic Song, written in the format of a song. The Yemenite tradition follows the Aleppo Codex's layout of the Prosaic Song, excepting lines 38 and 39, being the only deviation in word sequence, now believed by most scholars to be an anomaly, by way of confusing the double usage of the Hebrew word 4698:, was once kept in Old Cairo, in Egypt. The ancient scroll is said to have been taken out from there, and during a voyage at sea, the ship which transported it sank and the scroll was lost forever. Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (1975), p. 32, has pointed out that in the "Book of Ezra" mentioned above there was found written in it like the Yemenite tradition, namely: 5866:, or in the Open and Closed sections, and they are supported by the writings of the early exponents of the Torah, even though the tradition has not been accepted by other scribes, we do not invalidate such a Torah scroll. However, where no support can be found in the writings of Israel's early sages or exponents, we invalidate such a Torah scroll. 8659:) in making Tefillin. It was not necessary to split the leather, in this case, since it was already very thin. The custom in treating leather hides that were to be used for the books of the Law and for the scroll of Esther was, indeed, to put them into an astringent solution of a gall-like substance extracted from the leaves of acacia (Arabic: 4303:(1865 CE), I saw a book in the library of that great personage, the savant and honorable teacher and Rabbi, Rabbi Hertz Ginsburg (may his light shine), which stood under the supervision of my beloved friend, the wise and illustrious Rabbi, our teacher the Rabbi, S. Zacks (may his light shine), a most dear manuscript made by the Rabbi 5595:` (Lev. 8:1) – all of them are Open sections, and they are six." (Hebrew: ). Rabbi Yehudah Attiya, a rabbi of Aleppo who had seen the Aleppo Codex and copied-down its Open and Closed sections, made a comparison between the same and Maimonides' list of Open and Closed sections. This list was sent to Jerusalem, and was later reviewed by 10254: 2179:(q.v. Deut. 32:25) and not knowing which word Maimonides actually had in mind when bringing down the condensed layout for the song. A Sephardic codex written between the 11th–12th century (now Vat. ebr. 448) shows a tradition that is identical to that of the Yemenite tradition with respect to the line arrangements in the poetic song 4446:, c. 1165–1244), whom we mentioned, which was proofread many times with utmost diligence by several scribes and wise men, in the forenamed city, with painstaking care and great expense, and came afterwards into his hand with all the testimonies of the proofreaders and scribes, and, based on it, he wrote in this, his own book 4094:), equipped with a pair of brass clasps cut in ornamental floral shapes for closing. The entire wooden box was fitted tightly with a thickly woven decorative cloth, replete with 3 to 5 buttons with matching loops. The top of the box was made with slits wherein they inserted protruding staves for carrying the decorative silver 193:), where the columns in these places begin in the middle of a verse. These six places (five places when בראשית of Gen. 1:1 is excluded, since it is only used to form the mnemonic) are the only exceptions to the rule, and which practice is intended to ensure uniformity and exactness in the scribal practice and layout in the 2340:) on thirty lines, the format which concludes the song has been slightly altered in some communities due to the doubt raised by Rabbi Meir Abulafia ben Todros of Spain. In the old Sephardic codex (now Vat. ebr. 448), written between the 11th–12th century, it shows the arrangement of lines in the Prosaic "Song of the Sea" ( 631:(Large Letters) in the Torah differs in some respects from other communities, and follows the traditions as they received them from the scribes of old. The following is a list of all the Large Letters found in the Yemenite scroll of the Pentateuch (Five Books of Moses), as published by 17th century Yemenite scribe, Rabbi 6961:# 22. Although Maharitz suggested a compromise of sorts out of respect to those exponents of the law who objected to this practice of making indentations in these six lines, the original Yemenite tradition viewed the practice as valid, and Yemenite scribes continued to make use of this practice, without change. 5908:(Codex) written by Rabbi Yihye Bashiri (now in the possession of the heirs of Zechariah Saminah of Moshav Eliakhin, in Israel) he brings down the number of large and small letters in the Torah, and that there is to be found differences between the list found there and the list that he brings down in his book 8758:) were crushed and put within a bath of water. The untreated leather was added to this solution for a period of 15 days, the time allotted for its preparation. After the first 8 days of soaking, the leaves are changed with a batch of fresh leaves. After another 7–8 days, the leather was ready for use. The 177:

Yemenite scrolls, based on what is prescribed in their codices, is that each column concludes with the end of a particular verse and begins with the start of a new verse; never broken in the middle. Each column starts with the opening lines of a new verse, excepting in only six designated places, whose

8943:

10:1 (note 8). Qafih wrote: "...If a letter touched itself in a place where its shape is not made entirely corrupt thereby, and it does not resemble a different letter, it is valid... And if it is a questionable matter, they bring a young child who is neither wise, nor unintelligent, just as it is

4936:

Benayah ben Sa'adyah has long been acknowledged as the greatest scribe of Yemenite Jewry and as patriarch of an entire family of Yemenite scribes which flourished beginning in the latter half of the fifteenth century, in and around the capital, Sana'a. In addition to Benaya himself, at least four of

4676:) is to be found also in the Yemenite tradition of orthography, said to be those indentations that do not comprise in length the space made by nine letters, but somewhat shorter, such as when a scribe concludes the writing of a section near the left margin, without extending the words unto the margin. 4185:

that says: "The Rabbis have taught, 'All may go up to the seven numerated , and even a small child, or even a woman'..." (End Quote). Even so, with respect to children reading the sixth division, this is relatively a new innovation or custom among the Yemenites. The Sages have said that, with respect

241:

There are thirteen orthographic traditions in the first category which are peculiar to the Yemenite tradition and which differ from the traditions borne by other groups. The Yemenite arrangement has been published in many sources, the most notable of which being that of the last Chief Rabbi of Yemen,

9001:, that the more meticulous scribes would hang the leg of the letter he. By this wording we learn that only as a first rule of thumb, being of a more superlative nature, was it stated, and not that it is indispensable... Be apprised, , that in the ancient Torah scrolls of Yemen the leg of the letter 8839:

A yellowish-white mineral having the same property as vitriol, and which turns the water black. It was derived from a saline earth found in the ravines and gulches of Yemen. The same earth, when extracted, was usually mixed with alum. The alum was then cleansed of its litharge until it became white.

3962:

Just as there is a unique style of writing associated with Ashkenazi scrolls, and another style for Sephardic scrolls, so too is there a style of writing that is peculiar to Yemenite scribes of the previous centuries. Each community, however, makes use of the square Hebrew script. In the older Torah

618:

Rabbi Yitzhak Razhabi has noted that in the Yemenite Jewish tradition there are over 400 peculiar types of letters (special forms of certain characters) in the Torah and which have been largely adhered to by Yemenite scribes. While these irregular letters do not invalidate a Torah scroll if they had

5376:

it is a foreign word. By way of an exegesis that it was made by itself (i.e. because of its passive-perfect tense). The reason being is that all those who saw it were astonished how a man could make it, etc." It is to be noted that the Spanish Jewish community has since abandoned its old tradition

197:

throughout all generations. The average width of each column is approximately four finger-breadths, usually 9.3 centimetres (3.7 in), with a space of 3.7 centimetres (1.5 in) between columns. Columns containing the Prosaic Songs are considerably wider to facilitate the writing of the song

176:

The Yemenite scroll of the Torah is traditionally written on 51 lines to each column, for a total of 226 columns (רכ"ו דפים), a tradition that differs from Ashkenazi and Sephardic scrolls which are historically written in anywhere from 42 to 98 lines (42 lines since the mid-20th century). Unique to

2113:

is made wider than other columns, so as to make room for the poem's layout, written in the format of sixty-seven double half-columns, meaning to say, spaces are made between the verses which appear to descend in two columns. The prosaic song itself is preceded by a blank space, above which are six

116:

The codex that we have relied upon in these matters is the well-known codex in Egypt, comprising twenty-four canonical books, which was in Jerusalem for several years to proof-read the scrolls there from, and all used to rely upon it, since Ben-Asher had proof-read it and scrutinized it for many

210:

the column measures approximately 14 centimetres (5.5 in) in width. The sheets of parchment used in making the scroll measure approximately 54.7 centimetres (21.5 in) in length (from top to bottom), although varying in width, with at least three columns to each sheet. Most are made with

4414:

in two categories: one, containing the names of words that come at the beginning of each line; the other, containing the names of words that come at the end of each line. (Now there are altogether sixty-seven lines , just as it is found in my handwritten Bible Codex, and in Maimonides of early

4069:

Yemenite Torah scrolls traditionally had also this additional feature where the top corners of each leather sheet of parchment were folded backwards, immediately following the leather's treatment and before the actual writing. This was done to distinguish between each sheet, as also to give the

8565:

Maimonides and Rabbeinu Asher (Rosh) differ on their definition of 'Open' and 'Closed' sections (פרשה פתוחה ופרשה סתומה). The present custom of Askhenazi and Sephardic scribes is to compromise, where both an Open and Closed section end in the middle of the line, but in an Open section the next

121:

Maimonides' ruling in this regard eventually caused the Jews of Yemen to abandon their former system of orthography, and during his lifetime most scribes in Yemen had already begun to replace their former system of orthography for that of Ben-Asher. Scribes in Yemen, especially the illustrious

4296:

I do recall my faults this day. When I had taken with me a scroll of the Torah in the handwriting of the scriveners of Yemen, and when I had proofread it, I found in it the differences that I formerly mentioned, as well as other – besides that which can be attributed to scribal error, and I

4176:

Among the number of seven persons who are called to read from the Torah, the Yemenite tradition will have one child of nine or ten years to read from the Torah scroll on the Sabbath days, on a regular basis (usually the sixth designated portion from the reading of the biblical lection), which

2860:, summarizing the different orthographic traditions, wrote: "Authorities on the Masora... differ according to the variations in the scrolls on which they rely." The oldest manuscripts containing the Masora of the early masoretes, such as the London Codex (British Library Or. 4445) and the 4205:, perhaps one of the most momentous travelogues ever to have been written in that century, and where he describes the life of the Jewish community there. He also described the Torah scrolls and codices had in Yemen and their peculiar tradition of orthography, an excerpt of which follows. 7066:(1956), p. 47, who mentions this invaluable account, wherein he copies down a letter written by Rabbi Meir b. Todros Halevi where he states explicitly that he found the words as written above, but decided against its orthography because of the way the previous lines had been made. 9289:

The Yemenite Manuscripts of the Pentateuch and the Linguistic Tradition Reflected in Them in Comparison with the Orthography, Vocalization and Accentuation in the Ben-Asher Codex and with R. Yaḥya Ṣālaḥ's Ḥeleq Ha-Diqdūq, Thesis in fulfillment of the requirements for "Doctor of

4937:

his children (three sons and a daughter) and two of his grandsons followed in his footsteps and penned Hebrew manuscripts. According to Yemenite tradition, the Benayah family is said to have copied some 400 volumes. Out of this great number, only about 36 codices have survived.

3714:(p. 14) that, in the old codices made in Yemen before the advent of Maimonides, scribes in Yemen adhered to a different orthographic practice with respect to certain plene and defective scripta and the Open and Closed sections. He notes that, in the Old Yemenite tradition, the 2747:(Deut. 31:28). Different traditions abound for other communities who traditionally make use of a 42-line column. In the Yemenite tradition, the six-letters of the mnemonic device account for only two verses in the entire Torah where the column begins in the middle of a verse ( 152:, a work which Maimonides himself claims to have been based on Ben-Asher (i.e. the Aleppo Codex), universally recognized since the time of Maimonides as the most accurate recension of the Hebrew Bible. Benayah’s use of this avowal simply mirrors the words of Maimonides in his 3780:(phylacteries) in which only small kids of the goats (appx. 2 months old) were used for the vellum. The advantage of goat skin over sheep skin is that goat skin is tougher and finer in grain. In Torah scrolls, the principal tannin substance was derived from the leaves of the 2599:

55b). Accordingly, Talmudic versions are of no relevance here; perhaps they reflect the 'correct' or 'original' text of the Bible, but they are non-Masoretic by definition, and they have nothing to do with the uniform version which was accepted by the Tiberian Masoretes."

7549:

dated to the 10th-century CE. The current manuscript was written by two different scribes, the older square script believed to be from the 9th century, whereas the newer Yemenite square script was written in the 16th century (1539 CE). Today, the Codex is held at the

4539:

Rabbi Meir Halevi, the son of R. Todros. He came from Burgos, in Spain, but moved to Toledo (Ṭulayṭulah) where he taught the Torah among many, and raised up many disciples. He wrote several commentaries on the different tractates of the Talmud. He died in 1244

605:

The prevailing view is that if there is found a Torah scroll that has not been written as prescribed in all of the above (as bequeathed by the ancients) then that same scroll is invalid (lowered in sanctity) and is considered as merely one of the codices (Heb.

2093:

Jewish scribes have preserved a carefully guarded tradition regarding the line arrangements of certain verses, namely, which words are to be written at the forefront of a line, and which words are to be written at the end of the same. The line arrangements of

4474:, the treatise on Egypt, where I have elaborated in great length about all their details.) And so, in vain have I erased and made corrections. Now if I had seen it beforehand, I would not have touched it hand! But He is merciful atones for iniquity… END 4360:, which R. Hillel had written, and from which they would proofread the texts of all the scrolls. Now I saw some of them (i.e. scrolls) that were sold in Africa, and at my time, they were nine-hundred years old since the time they were first written." The 144:(codices) were copied with particular care, since they were intended as model texts from which scribes would copy Torah scrolls, with the one exception that in the Torah scrolls themselves they contained no vocalization and accentuations. In most of these 5454:

The Leningrad Codex, a text whose scribe made use of texts proofread by Ben-Asher when editing his own work, has also an Open Section for this reading. So, too, the Yemenite MS. of Maimonides' Mishne Torah has this section listed as an Open Section; see:

4482:והנה בס"ת שלהם נמצא כמה שנויים בחסר ויתר כמו מנשא (בראשית ד' י"ג) ח"ו מעינת (נח ז' י"א) ח"ו ויהיו כל ימי נח (נח ט' כ"ח) בואו לאחרונה תעשה (תרומה כ"ה ל"א) ח"י חדשיכם (בהעלותך י' י') מ"י וכן בצורת שירת הים ובאיזה סתומות * וראיתי שכל ספריהם הקודמים כן הוא 7218:

The Hebrew verse is expressed by an idiom, literally: "The hand of the Lord upon the throne, the Lord shall be at war with Amalek from generation to generation." Meaning, God has sworn by His throne that he will have war with Amalek from generation to

2802:

There are yet other places in the Torah scroll where Masoretic scribes used key words to determine the layout of each column, and where these same words were traditionally written in specific places in their respective columns, such as in Numbers 31:5

2313:, following Ben Asher's format in the words that are to begin each line, as well as in the words which are to conclude each line. Their fidelity to tradition has been praised by Dr. Penkower, a specialist of Textual Transmission of the Bible and the 2892:. Neither one of these sections reflect the custom of Yemen today, which points to the assumption that, apparently, they changed their ancient practice in this matter to conform with that of Maimonides, as stated by the late chief Yemenite Rabbi, 4045:

One of the unique features found in scrolls penned in Yemen is the practice of marking the end of the biblical verse, not with ink, but by stamping the leather with a round-tipped metal instrument at the end of the verse, in order to assist the

4070:

reader the ability to grasp with his two hands the sheet of parchment by the folds, without touching the letters themselves. The left and right margins of each sheet of parchment were made to a standard width of one-fingerbreadth (ca. 2.5

1439:

here was written in its ordinary fashion. In other places, however, the Yemenites have preserved the practice of making oddly-shaped letters, where the tradition called for doing so. The Yemenite tradition calls for making 154 overlapping

8711:, although may also include the rinds of pomegranates, and the green, outer shells of walnuts" . With respect to Tefillin, the Yemenite Jewish custom was not to tan the leather used for writing the scriptural portions in the Tefillin. 4010:) was slightly joined to the roof of the letter, a practice which he disqualifies, although admitting that such was also the practice that he found in old scrolls written in Egypt, and which practice had been rendered valid by Rabbi 8840:

The litharge was then taken up and mixed with water to produce a black dye. In this, the Yemenites did not follow the teaching of Maimonides who wrote that the ink must not be indelible. The use of vitriol made the ink indelible.

2166:

before and after the text of each line, rather than draw-out the lines unto the margins by stretching certain letters within the text. The scribal practice of indenting these six lines was also the widespread practice used in

8997:) write in the second volume , section # 73. Moreover, even if the entire scroll was written from the start in this way, it is valid and does not require being amended. And he brings down proof from that which is written in 5536:(a text whose scribe made use of texts proofread by Ben-Asher when editing his own work) renders this passage of scripture an Open section. (Original Hebrew: וידבר דזה קרבן, וידבר דדבר אל אהרן, וזאת תורת האשם, וזאת תורת זבח, 4060:(brief pause), it too was marked with only one dot by the same instrument beneath the word whose reading is to be read as such. Two diagonal stamp marks were made above the word whose reading called for it to be read with a 4197:(1822–1886), a Lithuanian Jewish scholar from Jerusalem, was commissioned by the Jerusalem Rabbinate and traveled to Egypt, to Yemen and to India between the years 1857 to 1863. In 1859, he visited the Jewish community in 2298:

all of the previous lines had thus far ended in one word, and it seemed fitting to him that the second to the last line should also end in one word. He therefore changed its order, by his own admittance. The author of

8948:

29b). So it is our custom to render valid anything similar to these cases, and even as a first resort they are to read in a scroll of the Law that has in it such joining, and it is not necessary to amend it. Look at

4066:. Some have questioned the validity of marking a Torah scroll in this way, but the sages of Yemen have explained its validity by saying that extraneous markings that are made in the leather without ink are permitted. 5831:

7:11), who writes: "...If he wrote plene defective, or defective plene, or if he wrote an open section closed or a closed section open... then it is invalid and it has no sanctity of a Torah scroll at all." See also

5065:) is that they were naturally long, unlike those taken from the heel, and they did not require softening by working them with a stone, nor was it necessary to twine the tendons before making use of them (ibid.). 204:, the first column which contains the song is made ca. 14 centimetres (5.5 in) in width, while the second column that concludes the song is made ca. 14.9 centimetres (5.9 in) in width. For the Prosaic 5355:

has written: "I have seen books that were checked by the sages of Tiberias, and fifteen of their elders have sworn that they have looked three times upon every word and every point, and every word written in

5964:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 5:1, where the "semakh" is also made large, as is also the case in a private Codex (Taj) written by a scribe of the Benaya family in the year 1535 CE (1846 of the Seleucid

95:. The old line arrangements employed by the early Yemenite scribes in their Torah scrolls are nearly the same as prescribed by ben Asher. Like ben Asher's Masoretic tradition, it also contains nearly all the 2100:(Deut. 32:1–43) in the Yemenite Torah scrolls follow closely that of Ben Asher as conveyed by Maimonides' Mishne Torah, and, unlike the Sephardic tradition of writing the song in seventy lines (based on the 4984:; Taj Benaya (copied in the 1846th year of the Seleucid era/1535 CE); British Museum, Or. 2364; British Museum, Or. 2349; British Museum, Or. 2350; British Museum, Or. 2365; British Museum, Or. 1379, et al. 2900:

tradition of orthography. At least in one reference it is believed to be an error by the copyist of the Aleppo Codex, and is not generally practised by any community in Israel, namely, that of writing

2657:(an allusion to Psalm 68:5). These, too, can be found in their designated places, each letter commencing the word of that column. Such was also the practice in Yemen. For example: The Hebrew character 6928:

8:4) has been altered to read "seventy lines" (rather than 67). A comparison with the partially extant Book of Deuteronomy in the Aleppo Codex reveals that it, too, was written in only 67 lines. See:

2272:, inquiring about the scroll of the Torah that was with him and which was copied from Maimonides’ scroll of the Torah. Ibn Tibbon replied, sending to him an accurate copy of the arranged lines of the 8566:

section commences on the following line, whereas in a Closed section, the next section commences on the same line after a short blank space. . The Yemenite custom follows the practice of Maimonides.

7718:(Published by Shelomo Qareh in a facsimile edition, Jerusalem 1982), where he emphatically stresses the adherence to this custom, and rules as invalid all Torah scrolls that are written differently. 4042:, responds to the old practice and goes to great lengths to show that such letters, had they been written in such a way, should not be disqualified, although the custom in Israel has now changed. 2294:"), written at the beginning of the last line. Notwithstanding, Rabbi Meir ben Todros admitted to having deviated from this tradition, having decided against its orthography, seeing that in the 122:

Benayah family of scribes of the 15th and 16th centuries, patterned their own codices containing the proper orthography, vocalization and accentuation after Maimonides' accepted practice in his

117:

years, and proof-read it many times, just as they had copied down. Now, upon it, I relied with regard to the book of the Law that I wrote, according to the rules which govern its proper writing.

6289:, saying that the "qof" is to be made small. A comparison made with another Codex written by the same scribe in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349) reveals the same marginal note in the 4172:

And when he reads , a translator must respond , and they are to adjust the tone of their voices together . But if the translator cannot raise his voice, let the reader lower his own voice.

4419:, but with scorpions, until he was compelled to confess his sorrow unto many – perchance they will seek mercy upon him from Him who has mercy; , who writes to his friends and companions, 4335:

who had belabored themselves on this point (i.e. over the subject of proofreading the scroll of the Law) with a well-known book attributed to Hillel the elder, which was called by them

68:), the latter said to have only been patterned after texts proofread by Ben Asher. The former work, although more precise, was partially lost following its removal from Aleppo in 1947. 8676:

Qafih (1985), p. 312 (note 17) . Quote: "Maimonides is of the opinion that any which is not treated with an astringent tannin and the like of such substances, which is to include the

10140:, Journal: Pe'amim 64, (Summer, 1995), pp. 54–67, (Hebrew) and the extensive sources listed there, including a complete list of surviving manuscripts of Benayah and his family. 2781:) be written at the forefront of the next line. In the Yemenite Torah scroll brought out from Yemen, now belonging to Azriel ben Saadia Tzadok (Saleh) of Benei Barak, from which a 7054:; The Jewish Theological Seminary's Hebrew Pentateuch (JTS L64a), copied in Yemen and containing the spurious date of 1206 CE, showing the same lines and word arrangements; et al. 3699:, where they are in agreement, and to avoid making the sections where the sections are only in accordance with one opinion. The Sephardic custom at the time of the author of the 4186:

to women, a woman should not read in the Torah "due to the public's honour." The seventh designated portion was usually reserved for one of the chief persons of the synagogue.

3824:, and allowing the place to dry before applying ink. In some places, the fleshy-side of the leather (being the side that is written upon) was treated with a fine application of 6235:

of "behibar'am" is written small. A comparison made with another Codex written by the same scribe in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349) reveals the same small letter

3863:). Afterwards, he cuts away the excessive edges and the outer corners, until he is left with a square sheet of leather. He then stains the sheet with a dye solution made of 105:, as well as the large and small letters employed in the writing of the Torah, a work held by medieval scribes in Israel to be the most accurate of all Masoretic traditions. 6853:

In the Benayah codex written in 1535, now in the possession of Rabbi Hayyim Kessar's daughter and son-in-law in Jerusalem, as in all other Yemenite codices, the head of the

4809:

for the Hebrew Bible was published in the Tartaz Codex, printed in Amsterdam in 1666. Excluding the irregular letters in the Torah, the Ashkenazi tradition differs from the

128:, who, in turn, had based his Torah-scroll on Ben-Asher's orthography, with especial attention given to the line arrangements of the two Prosaic Songs mentioned by him, the 6256:

is written with a small "kaph". A comparison made with another Codex written by the same scribe in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349) reveals the same small letter

6347:

is written with a small "yod". A comparison made with another Codex written by the same scribe in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349) reveals the same small letter

6079:

of "ha'areṣ" is of large size. A comparison made with another Codex written by the same scribe in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349) reveals the same large letter

4571:. The ancient Codex is allegedly referenced in the colophon of Jewish Theological Seminary MS. JTS 44a, where it claims that the said Spanish Codex was proofread by using 8482:

This section of the Pentateuch (frame 176r) was written by a later Yemenite hand and, therefore, no proof can be had of the more ancient text and what was written there.

8322:

This section of the Pentateuch (frame 128v) was written by a later Yemenite hand and, therefore, no proof can be had of the more ancient text and what was written there.

221:), that is, leather where the "split" layer has not been removed from it. In Yemen, the custom was to treat the raw hide with a tannin-solution made from the leaves of 7727:

This section of the Pentateuch (frame 6v) was written by a later Yemenite hand and, therefore, no proof can be had of the more ancient text and what was written there.

7676:

This section of the Pentateuch (frame 5r) was written by a later Yemenite hand and, therefore, no proof can be had of the more ancient text and what was written there.

7622:

This section of the Pentateuch (frame 3v) was written by a later Yemenite hand and, therefore, no proof can be had of the more ancient text and what was written there.

5368:

in the word תֵּיעֲשֶׂה. But I haven’t found so in the books in Spain and in France, and beyond the sea. Moreover, the ancients have expounded that the addition of a

7409:(1983), p. 454, s.v. Numbers 31:5; Al-Dhamari, Sa'adyah ben David (1999), p. 430, s.v. Numbers 31:5; Wertheimer, Abraham Joseph, ed. (1988), p. 99, s.v. Numbers 31:5 10423: 9950:

Sclar, David (2019), "A Letter's Importance: The Spelling of Daka(h) (Deut. 23:2) and the Broadening of Western Sephardic Rabbinic Culture", in Yosef Kaplan (ed.),

7178:

is attested to have been identical to the Yemenite tradition of today. See: Penkower, Jordan S. (1992), pp. 40–41. The arrangement of lines is also identical with

10021: 9898: 9864: 9830: 9780: 9754: 9723: 9589: 9549: 9243: 229:) to ensure the leather's lasting durability. This also gave to the leather a reddish-brown luster. The sheets of parchment were traditionally sewn together with 9009:) was joined to its roof, and in this manner was the scroll of the Law known as "Tam," which was in the village Qaryat al-Qabil. All of the legs of the letter 5955:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 1:1, where all of the letters of "breishit" are written larger than usual, but the "bet" is written larger than all of them.

60:, slight differences between the three major traditions have developed over the years. Biblical texts proofread by ben Asher survive in two extant codices (the 6314:

is written in small script. A comparison made with another Codex written by the same scribe in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349) reveals the letter

9065:§274:7 ): "A book that is punctuated is invalid, and even if they had removed from it the punctuation symbols; so, too, a division of verses is invalid." 6836:(1978), p. 233; A comparison made with the Codex written by the scribe Benayah in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349), reveals the same small letter 9379:

The Hibshoosh Family Pentateuch (Facsimile Edition of an Exquisite Yemenite Manuscript copied in the year 1485 by the illustrious scribe, David ben Benaya)

4078:, and as found among all other groups, they did not sew the sheets together at the upper and lower ends of the margins, but left a space there unstitched. 1170:

and other rabbinic scholars outside of Yemen, and wished to incorporate them in the Yemenite tradition, but which practices had never taken hold in Yemen.

7235:

of the 10th century, which incorporates both the Ben Asher and Ben Naphtali traditions, also writes these words as one word (see ibid., p. 140 in vol. 1).

8524:, as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Deut. 23:2 the word 8452:, as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Num. 25:12 the word 8003:, as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Exo. 25:31 the word 7912:, as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Exo. 17:16 the word 7830:, as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Gen. 41:45 the word 5323:

as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Exodus 25:31 the word

5110:

as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Genesis 4:13 the word

3886:, and smooths the face of the leather on its flesh side, for the space of what is needed to write upon , leaving it white, without dyeing it any colour." 8301:, as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Num. 1:17 the word 5738:

as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and where he wrote that in Numbers 25:12 the

8791:

As a first resort, no sheet of parchment has less than three columns, and no more than eight columns. See: Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (2000), p.148 (§ 165:9)

5372:(i.e. numerical value of ten) alludes to the ten candelabrums that Solomon would make, although the general rule states that if there were there a 10433: 2829:

at the end of the following line, said to suggest that, from that time forward, Israel was placed above all other nations. Likewise, the verse in

5653:

as relayed to him by the overseers of the Jewish community in Aleppo in the then complete Aleppo Codex, and writes that in Numbers 1:17 the word

4654:

He is the great philosopher and scholar who translated Maimonides' "Guide to the Perplexed" into the Hebrew language during Maimonides' lifetime.

6800:(1978), p. 233; A comparison made with the Codex written by the scribe Benayah in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349), reveals that both 3991:. In Yemenite scrolls, the Hebrew letters are made to suspend a fraction below the ruled lines, rather than hang directly from the ruled lines. 7363:." The Sephardim who make use of a 42-line column follow Norzi in their practice, and which in this regard differs from the Yemenite tradition. 4153:

ben Uzziel is used. The reading from the Targum is usually performed by a child who stands next to the dais whereon is laid the Torah scroll.

4050:

when reading and knowing when he is to come to a full-stop. These dot-like impressions in the leather were made so as to resemble an inverted

9338: 9219: 4316:

Its name is derived from all the laws governing the scroll of the Law, how it ought to be written, and how read, therein showing all of the

10413: 5551:, who lists this section as an "Open Section" (Hebrew). However, in the modern printed texts of Maimonides, the reading differs greatly: "` 1166:, or in the vast majority of Yemenite codices. Rabbi Yihye Bashiri had, apparently, culled these other traditions from the writings of the 3981:(Yaakov Meir), although more modern scrolls have adopted Rabbeinu Tam's method. The difference stems from one's understanding of the word 4090:) traditionally used in Yemen was either a seven faceted or octagonal wooden box, typically made of a light wood, such as Sudanese teak ( 3750:, as described by Nathanel ben Yisha'yah (1983:439), but unlike today's tradition. Elsewhere, the Old Yemenite tradition was to make the 10171: 2527:). However, in the Yemenite tradition, the words are not joined together, but are written as two words, just as the words appear in the 9298:(Hebrew title:כתבי היד התימניים של התורה והמסורת המשתקפת מהם בהשוואה למסורת הכתיב הניקוד והטעמים שבכתר בן-אשר ול"חלק הדקדוק" של מהרי"ץ) 9013:

were joined to their roof. And so were the ancient scrolls of the Law in Tunis and Tripoli made, just as Rabbi Shimon Bar Tzemach (the

5243:. A comparison made with another Codex written by the same scribe in 1490, now at the British Museum (Or. 2349) reveals the same final 2765:), a tradition passed down by the scribes was to ensure that each scribe when copying from a master text is careful to write the first 10443: 8720:

Gall substances used in tanning leather is a requisite according to many exponents of Jewish law, such as the author of the lexicon,

7484:

Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 312 . Rabbi Yitzhaq Ratzaby, citing Menashe Sathon, claims that the Aleppo Codex had erred in three places:

2114:

lines that are written in a format fixed by tradition, with the following words at the head of each line: the 1st line starting with

10418: 10394: 10152: 9959: 9638: 1460:, brings down eight places in the Torah where, in each case, a word is written with an irregular-shaped letter, and those being: a) 156:, while most scholars doubt if he had actually seen a codex proofread by Ben-Asher. Others say that the avowal merely refers to the 2587:

makes note of the fact that "versions in the Talmud differ in many instances from the versions of the Masoretes (see, for example,

2286:) in Exodus 15:1–19 as found in the scroll that was copied from Maimonides’ Torah scroll. He writes that he found the three words, 233:(tendons) taken from the animal's loins (flanks), rather than from the animal's heels (the latter being prescribed by Maimonides). 10118:, "ʿIbūd ʿOr Ǧirafah le-Ketivat S'TaM" (The Treatment of Giraffe Parchment for Writing Torah Scrolls, Tefillin and Mezuzzot), in: 5488:, there is some ambiguity in the wording used by Maimonides when describing this section of the Torah. There, Maimonides writes: ` 2924:). It is not immediately clear if the Yemenites retained portions of their old tradition when incorporating in their writings the 4755: 5665:. In this case, the Yemenite Jewish tradition still finds solid ground and support on which to base its own scribal traditions. 10209: 9394: 8920: 4392:, of blessed memory) came amongst them and they saw his tradition of orthography in this regard, they sent to him (i.e. to the 7563: 2649:

A famous rabbinic dictum states that scribes are to be careful to have certain columns begin with fixed words, known by their

7174:, p. 85 in pdf. Although the Book of Exodus in the Aleppo Codex is no longer extant, the arrangement of lines in the Prosaic 4143:

145:3) which no longer requires the observance of this practice. The same is done for the readings of the prophets, known as

9437:

Facsimile edition of Ms. Vat. Heb. 448 (The Pentateuch with the Masorah Parva and the Masorah Magna and with Targum Onkelos)

8977:) was found clinging to its rooftop, with a slight joining and not a considerable one, so long as the shape of the letter 7754:

Such is the modern Sephardic tradition, although in some 14th century Bible codices of Sephardic provenance the spelling of

6945:, showing the six lines with their proper indentations. Every three pages in the codex equals one column in the Sefer Torah. 2344:) just as prescribed by Ben-Asher and as found in the Yemenite tradition, before Rabbi Meir b. Todros Halevi's emendation. 9984: 9812: 9800: 9788: 9762: 2325:

is exactly like the arrangement found in the Aleppo Codex, including the last two lines and the lines that are before the

2321:, who wrote: "It's worthy of adding that in the Yemenite manuscripts of the Torah the arrangement of lines in the Prosaic 8078:

Thus testified Rabbi Attiya concerning the section as he found it in the Aleppo Codex. See: Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 328

3946:, was added to the ink to preserve the leather from mold and mildew. The traditional writing instrument in Yemen was the 3762:

large, unlike today's tradition. Other orthographic traditions were known to exist prior to the general reception of the

2539:

made use of several ancient works, and perhaps even their own ancient Torah scrolls, just as they did when conveying the

9533: 8897: 5545: 3672: 1435:) is to be written upside down, although this was never a practice in the Yemenite Jewish tradition. Instead, the final 8750:

of Rabbi Yosef Karo, on the other hand, writes that it is sufficient to treat leather with lime alone. Leaves from the

5853: 2515:

Testimonies from travelers and emissaries who had seen the Aleppo Codex have concurred, unequivocally, that the words,

10438: 10428: 8250:, Sefunot: Studies and Sources on the History of the Jewish Communities in the East, Jerusalem 1989, p. 312 (Hebrew). 4297:

corrected it after the manner of our own books. Then when I happened to be, afterwards, in Paris during Tishri, 5625

3675:(1186–1237), the Jews of Yemen addressed thirteen questions unto him, one of which concerning the interstices --- the 4356:, to the extent that they carried away from there a Codex containing the 24 canonical books of the Bible, called the 4034:) to its roof, eventually evolved to conform with the custom that is practised in other communities in Israel. Rabbi 3969:, since the accurate tradition of doing so had long been lost. The ancient practice in Yemen when writing the letter 71:

The Yemenite Torah scroll is unique in that it contains many of the oddly-formed letters, such as the "overlapping"

4694:

A scroll of the Torah believed to have been written by Ezra the scribe, and which, based on the testimony of Rabbi

3994:

The manner in which Jewish scribes made certain Hebrew characters has evolved throughout the years in Yemen. Rabbi

1448:) in their designated places, with the mouth recoiling inwards upon itself (made by a very thin nib of the pen). 1407:

is written in regular size in the Yemenite tradition, unlike the tradition of other communities who make it small.

263: 7475:

These being: Gen. 41:45; Exo. 1:19; Exo. 17:16; Exo. 34:1; Lev. 7:28–29; Lev. 19:16; Lev. 25:10–12 and Num. 22:5.

4114:

custom is to have each biblical verse that is read on Sabbath days and holidays to be accompanied audibly by its

2520: 2163: 57: 5291:

the name is written as one word. However, the Aleppo Codex, based on the testimony passed down by Yaakov Sapir (

9477: 7542: 5783:

In the Torah codex (Pentateuch) copied by David ben Benaya in 1490, now at British Museum (Or. 2349), the word

3703:

was strictly in accordance with Maimonides' prescription, although it, too, has now changed to comply with the

10176: 8119:, as also in the old codices from the Land of Israel and from Egypt, as well as in handwritten manuscripts of 7528:

is now the standard text used for copying modern Ashkenazi writing. Among Sephardic Jews, the Tikkun Soferim,

3963:

scrolls of Yemenite provenance, there was not a practice among scribes to write the Hebrew letters with their

5603:(Lev. 7:28), though not listed as a section in Maimonides, was listed as an Open section in the Aleppo Codex. 9431: 7524:, the Open and Closed sections, etc.) is the same as that of the Ashkenazi tradition. Among Ashkenazi Jews, 7140: 6998: 5417:, a text whose scribe made use of texts proofread by Ben-Asher when editing his own work, has also the word 5339:, a text whose scribe made use of texts proofread by Ben-Asher when editing his own work, has also the word 5231:, a text whose scribe made use of texts proofread by Ben-Asher when editing his own work, has also the word 5190:, a text whose scribe made use of texts proofread by Ben-Asher when editing his own work, has also the word 5126:, a text whose scribe made use of texts proofread by Ben-Asher when editing his own work, has also the word 4619:

Meaning, during the time of Abraham Zakuto, the Codex was aged nine-hundred years, since it was compiled in

4075: 2841:) is traditionally placed at the start of a new column in Yemenite Torah scrolls, a practice alluded to in 112:

are well-known to Hebrew grammarians. Maimonides' verdict in that dispute is in accordance with ben Asher.

10453: 10319: 9419: 9043: 8990: 8088: 7695: 6870: 6833: 6797: 6765: 6682: 6652: 6619: 6401: 6199: 5875: 4857: 4415:

exponents of our laws…) … : From him that has been afflicted with reproof of instruction, not with whips,

7171: 4512:

shortly after the year 1306 CE, which work quickly gave him high acclaim. It is quoted by R. Yoseph Karo.

2561:

which brings down a list of words in the Torah that are written as one word, but read as two words (e.g.

10032:

Yalḳuṭ Midreshe Teman ʻal ḥamimishah ḥumshe Torah - A Collection of Yemenite Midrashim on the Pentateuch

9872: 9838: 7593: 4015: 2557:

as one word, continued to write in his own papers the word as being made-up of two words. Moreover, the

2264:(ca. 1170–1244), when trying to ascertain the correct scribal tradition, mentions his having written to 7323:(1993), based on an old Torah scroll brought out from Yemen, and patterned after R. David ben Benaya's 8703:) that was used by the people of Yemen and the people of Egypt, just as Maimonides has written in his 3774:

In Yemen, large goats (2 yrs. old) were used in making the parchment for Torah scrolls, as opposed to

2755:), whereas in all other columns, the start of a new verse always commences a new column. Likewise, in 10367: 10086: 10064: 9046:(Hebrew), being a review of the subject by Rabbi Yitzhaq Ratzaby; Qorah, Shelomoh (2012), pp. 130–ff. 8871: 4695: 3965: 3939: 2535:. This anomaly may be attributed to the fact that the Yemenite copyists in their transmission of the 1451: 8635:

Said Rabbi Abin in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua: 'And you shall be unto me' (Hebrew: והייתם לי), the

7131:(Or. 4445) all show differing orthographic renditions for the last two lines in the Song of the Sea. 7119:

This may have also been the result of the variant readings found in the works of the masoretes. The

7075:

The Yemenite tradition, in terms of which words to begin and end each row in the column used in the

4813:

tradition in some thirteen places. Penkower goes on to say that the Yemenite tradition, in terms of

4352:(1196 CE), on the 8th of Menaḥem Av, there fell out a great religious persecution in the kingdom of 3841:, the way in which leather was prepared in Yemen for use in writing a Torah scroll was as follows: 163: 10202: 9630: 9567: 9293: 9251: 9172: 9073:): "And this refers, specifically, to when he made the biblical cantillation symbol with ink, etc." 9029:

that in this manner were the scrolls of the Law in Spain. Wherefore, is valid as a first resort."

9021:, vol. I, # 50. Look there, for he went to great lengths to prove that it is valid. And there, in 7406: 7232: 6761: 6198:

Rabbi Yitzhaq Ratzaby alludes to these lesser accepted Yemenite references to irregular letters in

6050: 5626: 5288: 4773:

Penkower, Jordan S. (1992), p. 68. According to Penkower, the Ashkenazi tradition– with respect to

4062: 3809: 3727: 2865: 2532: 2318: 31: 5612:

This section is listed as an Open section in the Aleppo Codex. See: Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 339 .

4054:(one dot on top of two dots). Where the reading was to produce the sound made by the trope symbol 10015: 9965: 9938: 9892: 9858: 9824: 9748: 9717: 9613: 9583: 9543: 9237: 9168: 8692: 6310:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Lev. 1:1, where there is a note in the margin which says the word

4750: 3891: 256:

is nearly in complete harmony with that of the Aleppo Codex which was proofread by the masorete,

9952:

Religious Changes and Cultural Transformations in the Early Modern Western Sephardic Communities

3800:). The same tannin substance and its use in treating leather for sacred scrolls is mentioned by 10049:

The Book of Yemenite Jewish Tradition with respect to Fowl (Sefer mesorat yehudei teman be-'of)

8473:

For a discussion of this word and its spelling in Hebrew scrolls, see Sclar (2019), pp. 393–413

5532:` (Lev. 8:1) – all of them are Open sections, and they are six." In the highlighted text, the 5061:(1985), chapter 3, p. 334 (note 20). The advantage of taking the tendons from the flanks (Heb. 4466:(1306 CE). Unto here we have brought down his words. Now, behold! I have found seen in this , 3695:

s ruling (275:2) that scribes ought to strive to fulfill the opinions of, both, Maimonides and

2641:, and which is not the case in either the Masoretic texts or in the Yemenite Jewish tradition. 10148: 10096: 10074: 10052: 10035: 9992: 9973: 9955: 9914: 9880: 9846: 9774: 9736: 9705: 9685: 9666: 9644: 9634: 9609: 9599: 9517: 9497: 9471: 9445: 9402: 9382: 9365: 9361: 9344: 9334: 9314: 9310: 9263: 9225: 9215: 9195: 9099: 8893: 8866: 8813: 8626: 7555: 7426: 7123:(10th cent.), as well as a beautifully written Spanish codex of the 11th or 12th century (now 6720: 6707: 6601: 6580: 6559: 6534: 6513: 6489: 6468: 6435: 5993:

Spelling follows the Yemenite pronunciation of "samech," which by them is pronounced "semakh."

4860:(1978), pp. 87–90; also published as an annotated side-by-side bilingual edition: Brian Tice, 4401: 4091: 4018:. Nevertheless, the old practice in Yemen of slightly joining the leg of the Hebrew character 4011: 2265: 157: 7532:, by Rabbi Matzliach Mazuz, is now used as a model text for copying modern Sephardic scrolls. 7199:

The sense here is to the modern-day Sephardic scrolls, although in the old Sephardic scroll (

7128: 7051: 7043: 6942: 6841: 6812: 6627: 6571:

For an example of the hook-like extension made at the bottom of the leg in the Hebrew letter

6331: 6298: 5252: 4960: 10362: 10090: 10068: 9302: 9275: 9026: 8731: 7274: 7183: 7086: 6970: 6913: 6895: 6364: 6285:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 27:46, where there is a note in the margin for the word

6273: 6240: 6084: 5788: 5477: 5352: 4826: 3830: 2757: 2584: 2172: 1456: 4288:

and in certain closed sections . And I saw that all their ancient books were in this way.

9441: 8818: 8620: 8612: 8545: 8096: 7664: 7576: 7551: 7463: 7200: 5694: 5666: 5622: 5596: 5533: 5414: 5336: 5228: 5187: 5123: 4846:, although believed to be defected in parts by its copyists, and which was also copied in 4790: 4282: 4150: 3995: 3903: 3874:(the leather that is not whole, and used mainly for writing the portions contained in the 3834:), and which application is known to give added elasticity and durability to the leather. 3813: 2861: 2787:

was made in five small pocket volumes to facilitate the accurate transmission of the same

2528: 2279: 2274: 1543:

The following is an abridged list of some of the common usages in Yemenite Torah scrolls.

257: 206: 65: 4327:"Now behold, herein, do I make a copy of the writing which the forenamed Rabbi (i.e. the 4133:

3a). This practice has ceased with other Jewish communities, owing to a teaching in the

3808:" of the leather, a process so-called by treating the leather parchment with a paste of 10448: 10375: 10243: 10238: 10195: 9529: 9509: 9070: 9061: 9056: 8962: 8958: 8722: 8655:

In Yemen, small kids of the goats, approximately two months old, were used for vellum (

8616: 7597: 7372: 7336: 7301: 7163: 7063: 7006: 6974: 6912:, follows the ruling of Maimonides, in his handwritten Ms. of Mishne Torah, now at the 6890: 5849: 5541: 4873: 4798: 4585: 4551: 4353: 4305: 4216: 4156:

The Yemenite Jewish practice follows closely that described in Rabbi Achai of Shabha's

4134: 4119: 3763: 3696: 2629: 2620: 2301: 2260:) is traditionally made on lines appearing as half-bricks set over whole bricks. Rabbi 527: 247: 84: 53: 41: 9969: 6681:(ed. Meir Havatzelet), vol. i), Mossad Harav Kook: Jerusalem 1990, p. 98 on Gen. 7:2; 6488:‎) with its curious shape, see the last word in the page of the Yemenite Codex ( 4380:, that the Codex was in Toledo , and in the books left by the early Geonim, by Rav 10407: 10343: 10306: 10003: 9492:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Jerusalem: Meḳitse nirdamim / Rubin Mass Ltd. p. 298 ( 9329: 8746: 7546: 7389: 7319: 7158: 7081: 6673: 6647: 6614: 5038: 4981: 4810: 4782: 4685:

This is in complete harmony and agreement with the Yemenite tradition of orthography.

4443: 4431: 4332: 4111: 2897: 2884: 2783: 2309:. The Yemenite Jews still maintain the old tradition in the line arrangements of the 2261: 2102: 1155: 632: 149: 8707:

no. 153, makes the Torah scrolls, Tefillin and Mezuzah invalid and are esteemed as

7162:, "Ish Matzliach," by Rabbi Matzliach Mazuz, which, in turn, are founded upon Rabbi 6697:

These extensions are made very thinly, by using a very small and nearly pointed nib.

5283:(1987), p. 103. Likewise, Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 41:45, where the word 10301: 9926: 9906: 9661: 9462: 9148: 8509: 8437: 8286: 8125: 7988: 7897: 7815: 7610: 7566:, Or 4445 is said to be a revision from an earlier stage of Aaron Ben Asher's work. 7446: 7228: 6889:§ 275:5). The Sephardic tradition is also consonant with the practice found in the 5727: 5642: 5312: 5099: 4886: 4848: 4822: 4633: 4381: 4194: 4139: 3978: 3947: 3927: 2872:(based on various testimonies), were all written with a Closed section in pericope 2869: 109: 61: 4158: 2305:

followed in suit and also changed the original order of the last two lines in the

642: 52:

traditions that slightly differ. While all three traditions purport to follow the

10159:

The Aleppo Codex of the Bible : a study of its vocalization and accentuation

9212:

Differing Halachic Customs between 'Baladi' Yemenite and Other Jewish Communities

8744:

of Rabbi Achai of Shibha. The gall gives the leather its lasting durability. The

4292:(A note appended later by R. Yaakov Sapir to the above section reads as follows:) 4215:

And lo, in their books of the Torah there are to be found several differences in

1639:) (not to be confused with the neck) is extended with zig-zag strokes to the left 10285: 9697: 9677: 9656: 9571: 9558:

Muchawsky-Schnapper, Ester (1999). "Ceremonial Objects in Yemenite Synagogues".

9259: 9191: 9095: 8950: 8936: 8849: 8800: 8775: 8740: 7120: 7050:, with traditional word layout in double columns; Codex at the British Library, 7005:

are grouped together on one line, in spite of the verse being interspersed with

6954: 6405: 6376: 6176:(1988), p. 105. So, too, in Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Exo. 34:7, where the 6173: 5981: 5837: 5833: 5456: 5401: 5308: 5280: 5239:. In Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 9:29, the word is written with a final 5174: 5095: 5074: 5058: 4971:), and which single column is continued in the following two pages of the codex. 4924: 4806: 4410: 4035: 3838: 2893: 1163: 243: 200: 124: 92: 19: 9929:(1986). Rafi Zer (ed.). "Meorot Nathan by Rabbi Ya'aqov Sapir (Ms JTS L 729)". 6533:‎) in Gen. 8:2 with its curious shape can be seen in the Yemenite Codex ( 5484:), p. 133b (top), which same is identical with the Yemenite Ms. of Maimonides' 3890:

In Yemen, scribes prepared their own ink concoction, usually made from soaking

2896:. Scholars have pointed out eight differences between the Aleppo Codex and the 2842: 10270: 10181: 10161:, Jerusalem 1969, pp. 361–362 (Hebrew: כתר ארם צובה : ניקודו וטעמיו) 10115: 9977: 9485: 9457: 9435: 9207: 9136: 9115: 9091: 8727: 8120: 7442: 7343:, brings down a different tradition, writing that the verse in "Numbers 24:5, 7204: 7187: 7090: 7035: 6917: 6096: 5820: 5791:, frame 136r. M.D. Cassuto, a man who made a copy of Menashe Sathon's list of 5481: 4903: 4397: 4389: 4348: 4299: 4071: 3935: 3895: 3825: 3821: 3801: 3680: 2857: 2830: 2762: 2592: 2269: 2057: 2035: 1997: 1979: 1932: 1897: 1866: 1831: 1792: 1765: 1726: 1699: 1672: 1645: 1622: 1599: 1572: 1432: 1343: 1262: 1167: 1094: 1037: 981: 855: 814: 785: 745: 558: 514: 493: 464: 447: 414: 393: 364: 347: 326: 305: 88: 10056: 10039: 9996: 9931:

Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects

9918: 9884: 9850: 9709: 9521: 9449: 9406: 9386: 9369: 9348: 9318: 9267: 9229: 8630: 7771:

Such is the spelling also in Genesis 41:50 and in Genesis 46:20 (in pericope

7516:

Aside from the shapes of the letters, the Sephardic tradition of today (e.g.

7170:. The Yemenite tradition is well-known, and follows the pattern found in the 7124: 5255:, frame 33v. M.D. Cassuto, a man who made a copy of Menashe Sethon's list of 4963:, written in 1408, showing the beginning of the column used in the Torah for 4856:(pp. 674–ff.), with slight variations. The entire work has been reprinted by 1393: 1302: 1233: 1204: 1147: 1066: 1009: 953: 924: 884: 704: 676: 619:

been neglected, the scribes in Yemen still strictly adhered to its practice.

587: 569:

The letter "waw" in שלום is written as all other "waws" (without shortening)

537: 10262: 10172:

Israel Hayom: 400-year-old Yemenite Torah scroll to be restored in Jerusalem

10100: 10078: 9740: 9689: 9670: 9648: 9501: 9199: 8708: 7019: 6929: 6780:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 42:12, where the bottom left leg of the

2650: 1988:

Before and after the verse, there are two characters resembling an inverted

178: 49: 45: 10187: 4201:, publishing an account of his travels soon thereafter in a book entitled, 3734:

s," unlike today's tradition. The Old Yemenite tradition was also to write

160:(vowels and accentuations) adopted by the Benayah family in their codices. 9602:: Studies and Sources on the History of the Jewish Communities in the East 9560:

Judaeo-Yemenite Studies – Proceedings of the Second International Congress

8762:-tree leaves give the leather a reddish-tinge. The tree, known locally as 6558:‎) with its curious shape, see the last line in the Yemenite Codex ( 2795:

is, indeed, found at the very end of line no. 14, whereas the second word

2106:), the Yemenite tradition is to write the song in only sixty-seven lines. 10335: 9617: 9381:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem/Tel-Aviv: Jewish National and University Library. 8735: 8112: 6920:), pp. 135b–136a. In the printed texts, however, the text of Maimonides' 6379:(1987), p. 105. So, too, in Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Lev. 6:2, the 4385: 4164: 4056: 3875: 3864: 3776: 3676: 2162:. The original Yemenite practice was to write these six short lines with 1377: 1373: 1128: 1124: 272: 129: 9942: 9440:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1–5. Jerusalem: Makor Publishing Ltd. (original: 6434:

Two of which can be seen in a Yemenite Codex now at the British Museum (

4002:, where in all their Torah scrolls the left leg of the Hebrew character 10327: 10311: 8681: 8625:(in Hebrew). Israel: not identified. p. 46b (Yehudah ve-yisrael). 7209:), folio 102r, it shows a line arrangement similar to the Aleppo Codex. 4839: 4145: 4123: 4115: 4095: 3987: 3868: 3846: 2874: 2096: 212: 7182:

in Maimonides' own hand-written copy of the Mishne Torah, now at the

4438:, and a certain Codex that was copied from the Codex belonging to the 44:

traditions for the transmission of the Torah, the other two being the

10219: 10145:

The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica

10138:

Benaya the Scribe and His Descendants: a Family of Scribes from Yemen

4781:

in their Torah scrolls – follows more closely the teachings of Rabbi

4459: 3977:) is to make its roof flat, and not a "gable-roof," as prescribed by 3805: 2846: 2834: 2804: 2168: 9176: 6932:(select Book of Deuteronomy from list, starting with chapter 32_28). 7093:), p. 137a. In the printed texts, however, the text of Maimonides' 6512:‎) can be seen with its curious shape in the Yemenite Codex ( 5904:

Gaimani, Aharon (2008), p. 163, note 873, who points out that in a

5750:

was written complete, and without being broken in the Aleppo Codex.

4842:

manuscript that was first printed in Paris in 1866 under the title

2171:, in very old and exquisite Torah scrolls during the time of Rabbi 10275: 10253: 10223: 9597:

Offer, Joseph (1989). "M.D. Cassuto's Notes on the Aleppo Codex".

8677: 8158: 8156: 7418: 5905: 5429:. M.D. Cassuto, a man who made a copy of Menashe Sathon's list of 5202:. M.D. Cassuto, a man who made a copy of Menashe Sathon's list of 4198: 3951: 3851: 2813: 2604: 2541: 1416: 641: 262: 230: 217: 162: 97: 36: 18: 7421:'s commentary on II Kings 22:13; R. David Altshuler's commentary 7101:, end of ch. 8) has been altered to show a different arrangement. 5858:, Jerusalem 1956, that where there is a variant tradition in the 2853:

Places in the Yemenite scrolls which differ from the Aleppo Codex

2109:

The column on the sheet of parchment containing the prosaic song

10280: 9665:(in Hebrew), vol. 2, Kiryat-Ono: Mekhon mishnat ha-Rambam, 8246:

Based on Cassuto's copy of the Aleppo Codex. See: Joseph Offer,

7667:'s copy of the Aleppo Codex. See Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 309 ). 6467:‎) is made in Gen. 3:1 can be seen in the Yemenite Codex ( 4555:, the title of this book of the Law, or else Codex, is given as 4470:, exactly as it is found written in the scrolls of Yemen! (q.v. 3999: 3923: 3856: 2210:עם חמת זחלי עפר .............מחוץ תשכל חרב ומחדרים אימה גם בחור 10191: 7393:(1993), s.v. Leviticus 10:16. The Torah scroll and the printed 7347:, must be written at the top of the column in accordance with 7079:, follows the ruling of Maimonides, in his handwritten Ms. of 7022:, Deuteronomy 32:14–32:33, for the layout of the Prosaic song 3882:. The scribe does all those steps mentioned in the working of 2888:(Lev. 7:28–29) there was written an Open section in the verse 9807:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Benei Barak: Mechon Peʻulath Ṣadīq. 9795:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Benei Barak: Mechon Peʻulath Ṣadīq. 8095:# 24, where he wrote a protracted response in which he cites 6318:

is written in a regular size, although a note in the margin (

2245:גם בחור גם בתולה יונק עם איש שיבה ............. אמרתי אפאיהם 8985:) is recognizable and a young child reads it as the letter 6941:

See the 15th century Yemenite Codex at the British Library,

3878:), most scribes were skilled in treating leather for use as 9333:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Yad Harav Nissim Publishing House. 8411:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), pdf p. 186 (right column), the

7762:, as in Bibliotèque Nationale, Paris – Hebreu 1314, p. 39a. 7042:) written in Yemen in 1408 CE, now at the British Library, 6343:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Deut. 32:18, where the word

6189:

Gaimani, Aharon (2008), English Abstract, pp. xii–xiii; xv.

1400:

is of regular size. Likewise, the letter "yod" in the word

140:. Such codices were disseminated all throughout Yemen. The 9426:(in Hebrew), vol. 29, Jerusalem: Beit Torah Sheleimah 8766:, grows plenteous in the coastal areas of Arabia and Oman. 8491:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 229 (center column).

8331:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 166 (center column).

8150:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 124 (center column).

16:

Yemenite Jewish tradition of orthography in a Torah scroll

8358:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 182 (right column).

8268:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 152 (right column).

8228:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 147 (right column).

8201:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 140 (right column).

8060:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 108 (right column).

7797:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 55 (center column).

7685:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 13 (center column).

7631:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 10 (center column).

6252:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 23:2, where the word

2237:עם חמת זחלי עפר ............. מחוץ תשכל חרב ומחדרים אימה 598:

The word דכא is written with an "aleph", instead of "he."

10095:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook. 10073:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook. 10008:

The Pentateuch: Five Books of the Torah (Tīkkūn Soferīm)

9627:

New Evidence for the Pentateuch Text in the Aleppo Codex

9044:

The Validity of Torah Scrolls that are Stamped with Dots

8183:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 124 (left column).

8033:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 100 (left column).

7934:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 91 (right column).

7879:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 88 (right column).

7852:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 68 (right column).

7659: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7649: 6748: 6746: 4458:, open and closed sections, in the year of the exile of 3828:, taken directly from the bean of the castor oil plant ( 358:

The word ויהיו is written as a plural with a final "waw"

271:

Yemenite Torah scroll housed at the Rambam Synagogue in

10034:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Jerusalem: Ktav-Yad Vesefer. 7970:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 96 (left column).

7943:

This section is entirely missing in the Damascus Codex.

7736:

Leningrad Codex (Ms. B19a), in pdf p. 15 (left column).

6908:

The Yemenite tradition, in terms of number of lines in

4731:

i.e. into the hand of Rabbi Menahem Hameiri, author of

2623:, nor in the Yemenite Jewish tradition, where the word 9845:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1–2 (2nd ed.). Jerusalem. 9422:(1978), "The Script of the Torah and its Characters", 8884:

Subeiri, Yosef (1964), "Massoret Meduyeket", section 9

8589: 8587: 8585: 6719:

For an example of this shape, see the Yemenite Codex (

6706:

For examples of these shapes, see the Yemenite Codex (

6642: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6626:

See also the Yemenite codex from the British Library,

6438:), from the year 1408–1409; Exo. 14:19 and Exo. 14:27. 6121:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Deut. 29:27, where the

6075:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Deut. 11:21, where the

3730:(1983:88), who wrote that it was "the smallest of all 9987:(1964), "Massoret Meduyeket", in Hasid, Yosef (ed.), 7253:

Penkower, Jordan S. (1992), pp. 69–70, esp. note 190.

6668: 6666: 6664: 6143:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Deut. 32:6, where the

6108:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Deut. 22:6, where the

6028:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Lev. 13:33, where the

6015:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Lev. 11:42, where the

6002:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Exo. 34:14, where the

5287:("Potifera") is written as one word. So, too, in the 4210:

Yaakov Sapir on the Tradition of Orthography in Yemen

2218:גם בתולה יונק עם איש שיבה ............. אמרתי אפאיהם 9879:(in Hebrew). Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Jerusalem. 9684:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Jerusalem: E'ele BeTamar. 9038:

Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (1989), responsa # 126 and 127, pp.

8602:

Wertheimer (1988), vol. 2, p. 81 (s.v. Numbers 24:5)

7244:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), Preface, s.v. Exodus 17:16

6062:

Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Num. 27:5, where the

5697:, a man who made a copy of Menashe Sathon's list of 5669:, a man who made a copy of Menashe Sathon's list of 5599:, who, in turn, disclosed that the section known as 5583:

Speak unto the children of Israel, He that offers,

5540:, וידבר דקח את אהרן, כולן פתוחות, והן שש). See also 5468:

In Maimonides' own handwritten Ms. of Mishne Torah (

3930:

from the flame of burnt oils held against glass and

2849:

opened-up to in the newly discovered Temple scroll.

1396:

of small size, in the Yemenite Jewish tradition the

1150:

of large size, in the Yemenite Jewish tradition the

246:. By a comparative study, the Yemenite tradition in 10355: 10294: 10261: 10231: 10143:Würthwein, Ernst (translated by Erroll F. Rhodes), 9659:(1985), "Hil. Tefillin, u'Mezuzzah weSefer Torah", 9358:

The Customs of the Land of Israel (מנהגי ארץ-ישראל)

9307:

The Aleppo Codex and the Accepted Text of the Bible

9082:

Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (2000), p. 148 (§ 165:9 - note 30)

8639:of לי is the largest of all the letters, while the 6231:Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 2:4, where the 2185: 9025:# 51, he brought evidence from the words of Rabbi 8129:. Such findings agree with the Yemenite tradition. 6404:(1978), p. 230, where Rabbi Yitzhaq Ratzaby cites 5799:in the Aleppo Codex, has attested that this word, 5705:in the Aleppo Codex, has attested that this word, 5677:in the Aleppo Codex, has attested that this word, 5437:in the Aleppo Codex, has attested that this word, 5263:in the Aleppo Codex, has attested that this word, 5210:in the Aleppo Codex, has attested that this word, 2799:is found written at the forefront of line no. 15. 2732:(Deut. 23:24); and, finally, the Hebrew character 9954:, vol. 54, Leiden: Brill, pp. 393–413, 9296:(The Department of Hebrew and Semitic Languages). 6811:) are made overlapping (recoiling inwards). See: 6516:) of the British Museum; Gen. 3:23 and Gen. 3:24. 6425:Ratzaby, Yitzhak (2000), p.168 (Section # 165:22) 6218: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6164:, copied in 1485, by the scribe David ben Benaya. 5977: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5942: 5940: 5938: 4406:I am Moshe, the son of Rabbi Maimon the Sepharadi 3998:(1479–1573) mentions the practice of the Jews of 9819:(in Hebrew). Vol. 5 (part ii). Benei Barak. 9516:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem: HaMasorah. 8170: 8168: 6600:‎) in Gen. 10:10, see the Yemenite Codex ( 6446: 6444: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5170: 5168: 4663:Literally, "those things that remained of them." 3770:Treating of leather and ink used in Torah scroll 2773:) at the very end of the line, while the second 475:This is neither a "Closed" nor an "Open" Section 10051:(in Hebrew). Zichron Ya'akov: Avichai Yitzhak. 9913:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Lyck: L. Silbermann. 7541:Known also as the Codex Orientales 4445, which 7462:Rabbi Judah Attiya of Aleppo, at the behest of 7308:compiled by R. David ben Benaya (15th-century). 4920: 4918: 4916: 4610:, his name is given as Rabbi Moshe ben Hillel. 1910:The bottom left leg of the "aleph" in the word 185:), and excepting in the two prosaic songs (the 9127:Muchawsky-Schnapper, Ester (1999), pp. 122–123 8137: 8135: 7702:(Piece on Grammar), on the biblical pericope, 7643:This section is missing in the Damascus Codex. 7639: 7637: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7283: 6459:The curious manner in which the Hebrew letter 6156:The Yemenite tradition of making an oversized 6041:The Yemenite tradition of making an oversized 5029:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (2000), pp.174–175 (§ 165:23) 10203: 8691:1:1, whose leaves they used to work with in 8313:. Cf. Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 309 ), note 6. 8107:(Leviticus 7:22–23) he found in the renowned 7834:was written in the Aleppo Codex as two words. 6788:) is written with a slight inversion upwards. 4388:. And when the books of Rabbeinu Moshe (i.e. 2821:is written at the end of one line, above the 8: 9106:30a) for the basis of this ancient practice. 8456:was written in the Aleppo Codex without the 7916:was written in the Aleppo Codex as one word. 4864:(Grand Rapids, Mich: Yiddishkeit 101, 2021). 4430:, of blessed memory, writes more, , that in 1693:is extended with zig-zag strokes to the left 1666:is extended with zig-zag strokes to the left 458:This section is written as an "Open Section" 10122:(vol. 9), Kiryat Ono 2016, pp. 135–148 9554:(reprinted in Jerusalem 1969 by Makor Ltd.) 9098:(1985), chapter 9:2, note 4, who cites the 8398:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 145r (the 7499:(Lev. 25:10). See Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (1992), 5569:And this is the law of the guilt-offering, 5506:And this is the law of the guilt-offering, 3958:Forms of the letters and special techniques 337:The word מעינת is written without a "waw" ( 10210: 10196: 10188: 10020:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9897:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9863:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9829:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9779:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9753:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9722:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9588:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9548:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9242:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8512:(1986), p. 174 , where he brings down the 8440:(1986), p. 171 , where he brings down the 8289:(1986), p. 169 , where he brings down the 7991:(1986), p. 166 , where he brings down the 7900:(1986), p. 165 , where he brings down the 7818:(1986), p. 163 , where he brings down the 7046:, showing the section of the Prosaic song 6752:Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), s.v. Gen. 41:45. 5011:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (2000), p. 172 (§ 165:23) 4331:, of blessed memory) sent to the sages of 4177:practice follows a teaching in the Talmud 3679:of the Torah as prescribed by his father, 2665:) represents the first word in the Torah, 2633:. Elsewhere, according to Rashi, the word 1914:is written with a slight inversion upwards 504:The word בשמת is written without a "waw" ( 425:The word האפד is written without a "waw" ( 404:The word תעשה is written without a "yod" ( 316:The word מנשא is written without a "waw" ( 198:in its usual format. For the Prosaic Song 9877:Questions & Responsa 'Pe'ulath Ṣadīq' 9843:Questions & Responsa 'Pe'ulath Ṣadīq' 8969:. And even if the left leg of the letter 8961:(HaRalbach), who quotes in turn from the 8643:of לי is the smallest of all the letters. 7156:in the Sephardic scroll are based on the 7001:(1977), folio 343r, s.v. where the words 6500: 6498: 5774:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (2000), p.168 (§ 165:21) 5730:(1986), p. 171, where he brings down the 5315:(1986), p. 166, where he brings down the 5102:(1986), p. 160, where he brings down the 4521:The sense here is to superfluous letters. 4346:wrote these words: "Now in the year 4956 3910:), but more often by mixing in the water 548:The word בער is written without a "waw" ( 525:The word חדשיכם is written with a "yod" ( 10133:), Holon 1981, pp. 160–166 (Hebrew) 10030:Wertheimer, Abraham Joseph, ed. (1988). 10010:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1–5. Benei Barak. 10006:(1993). Azriel ben Saadia Tzadok (ed.). 9735:(in Hebrew). Vol. 13. Benei Barak. 9194:. Kiryat Ono: Mekhon Mishnat ha-Rambam. 9190:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Translated by 9181:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Mekize Nirdamim. 8528:was written in the Aleppo Codex with an 8248:M.D. Cassuto's Notes on the Aleppo Codex 7397:are based after the Benaya family Codex. 5351:. Concerning this word in Exodus 25:31, 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5144: 4829:(1976), English Introduction (p. xxvii). 2930: 2619:. This, however, is not the case in the 2346: 1891:are each overlapping (recoiling inwards) 1860:are each overlapping (recoiling inwards) 1545: 1177: 649: 278: 9817:Shulhan Arukh ha-Mekutzar (Yoreh De'ah) 9704:(in Hebrew) (2nd ed.). Jerusalem. 9578:(in Hebrew) (2nd ed.). Kiryat Ono. 9280:Questions & Responsa 'Ba'ei Chayei' 9186:Al-Dhamari, Sa'adyah ben David (1999). 8695:during the Mishnaic period, along with 7609:Composed in Egypt in 1009–1010 CE. See 7038:(2017), p. 46 (§ 143). See also Codex ( 6764:(1983), p. 167 (note 8) on Gen. 42:12; 5002:Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 338 , note 10. 4946:Penkower, Jordan S. (1992), p. 63 (top) 4766: 4501: 1759:is made to recoil inwards (overlapping) 40:) represent one of three authoritative 10424:Hebrew Bible versions and translations 10131:Fragments of Literary Works from Yemen 10013: 9890: 9856: 9822: 9805:Questions & Responsa ʻOlat Yitzḥak 9793:Questions & Responsa ʻOlat Yitzḥak 9772: 9746: 9715: 9581: 9541: 9469: 9235: 8957:# 213, who wrote in the name of Rabbi 8536:). Cf. Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 309 ). 8349:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 141v. 8259:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 115v. 8219:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 111r. 8192:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 105r. 8103:, and where he notes that in pericope 6537:), although the letters preceding the 5852:objects, saying in the Preface to his 5573:And this is the law of the sacrifice, 5510:And this is the law of the sacrifice, 4980:Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985), Foreword by 1751:is widely spread out, while the "pe" ( 627:The Yemenite tradition of writing the 8141:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 90v. 8024:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 70r. 8015:. Cf. Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 309 ). 7961:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 66v. 7925:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 62r. 7870:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 59v. 7843:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 42v. 7560:Introduction to the Interlinear Bible 7110:Penkower, Jordan S. (1992), pp. 40–41 6351:as written small, with a note in the 6260:as written small, with a note in the 4563:, but in Rabbi Meir’s account in his 4462:, which corresponds to the year 5066 3950:(calamus), rather than the feathered 2637:in (Genesis 25:6) is also written in 2332:While all communities will write the 7: 9682:Rabbi Yosef Qafih - Collected Papers 8424:Damascus Codex, vol. 2, p. 338 (the 8051:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 76v 7788:British Library, Or. 4445, frame 31v 7706:(Genesis 9:29), concerning the last 7562:, 2010 (ISBN: 978-1-4452-7789-9), p 6840:with an outstretched left leg. See: 6222:Gaimani, Aharon (2008), pp. 165–167 5946:Gaimani, Aharon (2008), pp. 163–165 5520:Speak unto the children of Israel, 4862:Sefer Tagin: An Ancient Sofer Manual 3792:), a tree known locally by the name 3687:(i.e. Mishne Torah), in the Book of 2717:(Deut. 12:28); the Hebrew character 1817:is widely spread out, and the "pe" ( 646:A sheet of leather parchment (Torah) 375:Every פוטיפרע is written as one word 91:, although not found in ben Asher's 9214:(in Hebrew). Neve-Tzuf (Halamish). 8305:was written in the Aleppo Codex in 8237:Damascus Codex, vol. , pp. 257–258. 8007:was written in the Aleppo Codex in 6738:Fragments of Literary Works from Ye 6125:of "wayashlikhem" is of large size. 5657:was written in the Aleppo Codex in 5327:was written in the Aleppo Codex in 5114:was written in the Aleppo Codex in 3907: 3817: 2702:(Exo. 14:28); the Hebrew character 2283: 2142:and ending with God's divine name, 108:The disputes between ben Asher and 9765:(1975), "Ḳunṭris Taga deOraitha", 9401:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Venice. 7231:(1986), p. 165 (entry # 137). The 6989:Penkower, Jordan S. (1992), p. 25. 6579:‎), see the Yemenite Codex ( 6032:of "wehithğalaḥ" is of large size. 5459:(1985), chapter 8, p. 402 note 19. 2687:(Gen. 49:8); the Hebrew character 2523:, were written as one word, (e.g. 2317:at the Department of the Bible in 14: 10395:Category:Jewish scribes (soferim) 10177:The Accuracy of our Written Torah 9911:Iben Safir (chapter Ḥadrei Teman) 9415:# 596 (reprinted in Israel, n.d.) 6049:, copied in 1485, as also by the 5787:is written with an "aleph." See: 5645:(Sapir, Y. 1986) brings down the 4801:(the author of the seminal work, 4508:Rabbi Menaḥem Ha-Meiri wrote his 4421:Meir Halevi, the son of R. Todros 4026:) to its roof, or the leg of the 2672:(Gen. 1:1); the Hebrew character 2611:(in Numbers 7:1) is written with 2154:; and the 6th line starting with 10252: 10127:Mi-Yetzirot Sifrutiyyot Mi-Teman 9538:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Izmir. 7558:). According to Steven Ortlepp, 6734:Mi-Yetzirot Sifrutiyyot Mi-Teman 6583:), the second line from the top. 6147:of "haladonai" is of large size. 6134:Zechariah ha-Rofé (1992), p. 453 6066:of "mishpaṭan" is of large size. 5633:in Numbers 1:17 as containing a 4756:List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts 4485:(המחבר הוסיף הערה זו בעת הדפוס) 4281:; as also in the lay-out of the 3867:, which resembles the colour of 3742:in defective scriptum; the word 2047:The head of the letter "lamed" ( 1372:Unlike the scribal tradition of 1123:Unlike the scribal tradition of 167:Yemenite Torah case with finials 10182:Are All Torah Scrolls the Same? 10089:(1992). Havazelet, Meir (ed.). 10067:(1990). Havazelet, Meir (ed.). 9733:Arikhat Shulḥan – Yilqut Ḥayyim 9512:(1956). Moshe Hirschler (ed.). 9397:(1749). David Ashkenazi (ed.). 8500:Damascus Codex, vol. 2, p. 426. 8367:Damascus Codex, vol. 2, p. 330. 8340:Damascus Codex, vol. 2, p. 298. 8277:Damascus Codex, vol. 2, p. 268. 8162:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 211. 8069:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 177. 8042:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 163. 7979:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 155. 7888:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 140. 7861:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 101. 7545:dated to 820–850 CE, and which 6541:have been defaced in the codex. 6450:Zechariah ha-Rofé (1990), p. 98 5020:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (1975), p. 33. 4444:Meir ha-Levi b. Todros Abulafia 3942:), or what is called in Arabic 2573:in Deut. 33:3 which is read as 2565:in Gen. 30:11 which is read as 10434:Jewish prayer and ritual texts 8923:(1749), vol. 1, s.v. Part II, 7806:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 76. 7575:Composed in 1008–1009 CE. See 6392:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (1975), p. 33 5364:, and lo! There was written a 4959:) now at the British Library, 4372:(c. 1160–c. 1235) said in his 4168:, section no. 161) who wrote: 2476:ובני ישראל הלכו ביבשה בתוך הים 1: 9700:(1987). Shimon Greidi (ed.). 9488:(1989). Jehoshua Blau (ed.). 9328:Havatzelet Hasharon by Rabbi 9171:(1937). Avraham H. Freimann; 8646:(reprinted from 1880 edition) 8376:Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 311 8174:Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 328 7952:Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 326 7745:Damascus Codex, vol. 1, p. 1. 7190:), p. 137a – chapter 9 (top). 6365:The British Library MS Viewer 6241:The British Library MS Viewer 6085:The British Library MS Viewer 5789:The British Library MS Viewer 5253:The British Library MS Viewer 5162:Offer, Joseph (1989), p. 309 5098:(1987), p. 103 (Hebrew). Cf. 4821:, is nearly identical to the 4450:, every word which is either 4426:And, there, the Rabbi who is 3938:). In some places, wormwood ( 3898:) in water, known locally as 3710:Yitzhak Ratzaby notes in his 2932:Comparative study of codices 2845:, said to be the place where 2595:on the margin of the Talmud, 2453:בא סוס פרעה ברכבו ובפרשיו בים 2436:בא סוס פרעה ברכבו ובפרשיו בים 2146:; the 5th line starting with 2138:; the 4th line starting with 2130:; the 3rd line starting with 2122:; the 2nd line starting with 9625:Penkower, Jordan S. (1992). 9460:(n.d.), "Hil. Sefer Torah", 9262:. Kiryat Ono: Mechon Moshe. 8989:, it is valid. So did Rabbi 8861:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq (2000), pp. 8210:Damascus Codex, vol. p. 243 6019:of "ğaḥon" is of large size. 4400:, to the most erudite man , 4149:, in which case the Aramaic 4038:, commenting on Maimonides' 3673:Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon 1530:‎ of Gen. 9:6; and h) 1365:) is written in small script 1325:) is written in small script 1284:) is written in small script 1256:) is written in small script 1227:) is written in small script 1116:) is written in large script 1088:) is written in large script 1060:) is written in large script 1031:) is written in large script 1003:) is written in large script 975:) is written in large script 947:) is written in large script 906:) is written in large script 878:) is written in large script 837:) is written in large script 808:) is written in large script 767:) is written in large script 727:) is written in large script 698:) is written in large script 237:Plene and defective scriptum 158:Tiberian masoretic tradition 10414:Early versions of the Bible 9989:Sefer Torah Tāj: Hamargalit 9490:R. Moses b. Maimon Responsa 9258:(in Hebrew). Translated by 8593:Yitzhak (2009), pp. 192–193 6824:So, too, in all traditions. 6293:, saying that the "qof" of 6162:Hibshoosh Family Pentateuch 6047:Hibshoosh Family Pentateuch 6006:of "aḥer" is of large size. 4672:The arranged section (Heb. 4129:4:4 and Babylonian Talmud ( 2791:by scribes, the first word 2359: 2009:The left leg of the "ḥet" ( 1809:The left leg of the "ḥet" ( 1778:The left leg of the "ḥet" ( 1743:The left leg of the "ḥet" ( 1712:The left leg of the "ḥet" ( 1612:The left leg of the "ḥet" ( 1585:The left leg of the "ḥet" ( 28:Yemenite scrolls of the Law 10470: 9991:, Jerusalem: Yosef Hasid, 9680:(1989). Yosef Tobi (ed.). 9399:The Responsa of the Radbaz 9377:Hibshoosh, Yehiel (1985). 7526:Tikkun Soferim Dovidovitch 6112:of "qen" is of large size. 5086:Offer, Joseph (1989), 309 4277:, with the addition of a 4255:, with the addition of a 3746:‎ written without a 2878:(Exo. 34:1), in the verse 2497:ובני ישראל הלכו ביבשה בתוך 1154:is of regular size. Rabbi 10444:Jews and Judaism in Yemen 10392: 10250: 10047:Yitzhak, Avichai (2009). 9424:Chomash 'Torah Sheleimah' 9282:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. 8944:explained in the Gemara ( 8827: 8617:Meir Ish Shalom of Vienna 7758:was written as one word, 7592:1000 CE (Formerly called 6842:British Library, Or. 2349 6813:British Library, Or. 2349 6740:men), Holon 1981, p. 164. 6597: 6576: 6555: 6530: 6509: 6485: 6464: 6332:British Library, Or. 2349 6299:British Library, Or. 2349 6274:British Library, Or. 2349 4434:there was a book called 3755: 3743: 3735: 3719: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2370: 2367: 2365: 1685:The head of the "lamed" ( 1658:The head of the "lamed" ( 1635:The head of the "lamed" ( 1537: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1507: 1501: 1500:‎ of Gen. 3:24; e) 1497: 1491: 1490:‎ of Gen. 3:23; d) 1487: 1481: 1480:‎ of Gen. 3:21; c) 1477: 1471: 1467: 1461: 58:Aaron ben Moses ben Asher 10419:Hebrew Bible manuscripts 10026:(in five pocket volumes) 9769:(in Hebrew), Benei Barak 9731:Qorah, Shelomoh (2012). 9629:(in Hebrew). Ramat-Gan: 9326:Gaimani, Aharon (2008). 9292:(in Hebrew). Ramat-Gan: 9178:Abraham Maimuni Responsa 8663:). However, the vellum ( 6861:) is inverted backwards. 6723:) at the British Museum. 6710:) at the British Museum. 6604:) at the British Museum. 6471:) at the British Museum. 6383:here is of regular size. 6180:here is of regular size. 5709:, was indeed written in 5681:, was indeed written in 5441:, was indeed written in 5267:, was indeed written in 5214:, was indeed written in 4955:See the Yemenite Codex ( 4645:Literally, "his orders." 4118:translation, taken from 3677:Open and Closed sections 2603:Similarly, according to 2329:and that are after it." 2187:Arrangement of Lines in 1906:כי ערות הארץ באתם לראות 1520:‎ of Gen. 9:5; g) 1510:‎ of Gen. 8:2; f) 1470:‎ of Gen. 3:1; b) 1209:אלה תולדות השמים והארץ ב 130:Open and Closed sections 79:(ל), etc., mentioned in 10384:Torah scroll (Yemenite) 8622:Midrash Pesikta Rabbati 6930:The Aleppo Codex Online 6550:For an example of this 5538:וידבר דדבר אל בני ישראל 4309:, of blessed memory, , 4250:wiyiheyu kol yamei noaḥ 3726:was made small, citing 2904:in Leviticus 25:10–12 ( 2645:Other line arrangements 2581:as one of these words. 2256:The "Song of the Sea" ( 2252:Prosaic Song of the Sea 2051:) is inverted backwards 1454:(15th century), in his 1238:ובא אברהם לספד לשרה ולב 9970:10.1163/j.ctvrzgvqk.21 9568:Nathanel ben Yisha'yah 9287:Bin-Nun, Adam (2016). 8959:Levi, the son of Habib 8575:Gelis (1968), p. 289 ( 7425:on II Kings 22:8. Cf. 7375:(1956), p. 38, citing 7172:Leningrad Codex (B19a) 7127:, frame 102r) and the 6762:Nathanel ben Yisha'yah 6592:For an example of the 6480:For the Hebrew letter 5844:, Parashat Noaḥ, s.v. 5803:, was written with an 5591:` which belongs to , ` 5581:` which belongs to , ` 5563:` which belongs to , ` 5557:This is the offering, 5555:` which belongs to , ` 5528:` which belongs to , ` 5518:` which belongs to , ` 5494:This is the offering, 5492:` which belongs to , ` 4787:Masoret Seyag La-Torah 4174: 3790:A. nilotica kraussiana 3728:Nathanel ben Yisha'yah 2262:Meir ben Todros Halevi 1616:) is widely spread out 1272:צתי בחיי מפני בנות חת 647: 276: 168: 119: 75:(פ) and the "crooked" 24: 23:Yemenite Torah scrolls 10378:(scribal corrections) 9356:Gelis, Jacob (1968). 9256:Sefer Me'or ha-Afelah 7359:, and thus did write 5299:written in two words. 5235:written with a final 4710:), and in the verse, 4567:the Codex was called 4170: 4122:, in accordance with 4086:The Torah case (Heb. 3918:(Pomegranate rinds), 2591:, the comments of R. 2449:וישב יהוה עליהם את מי 2292:the waters of the sea 2228:(written in 67 lines) 2201:(written in 67 lines) 1380:which is to make the 1131:which is to make the 1056:) of "wayashlikhem" ( 967:The letter "daleth" ( 719:The letter "semakh" ( 645: 266: 166: 114: 22: 10314:(marriage contracts) 10147:, Grand Rapids 1995 10125:Nahum, Yehuda Levy: 9767:Sefer Toldot Yitzhaq 9476:: CS1 maint: year ( 9395:Ibn Abi-Zimra, David 8921:Ibn Abi-Zimra, David 7327:of the 15th-century. 7186:in Oxford, England ( 7089:in Oxford, England ( 6916:in Oxford, England ( 6732:Yehudah Levy Nahum, 6297:is made small; see: 6160:is supported by the 6045:is supported by the 5589:And the LORD spake, 5579:And the LORD spake, 5561:And the LORD spake, 5553:And the LORD spake, 5526:And the LORD spake, 5516:And the LORD spake, 5498:And the LORD spake, 5490:And the LORD spake, 5480:in Oxford, England ( 5311:(1987), p. 104. Cf. 5077:(1987), pp. 103–105. 4993:Bin-Nun, Adam (2016) 4696:Obadiah of Bertinoro 4597:A place in NW Spain. 3940:Artemisia absinthium 3914:(Litharge of alum), 2940:Sephardic tradition 2882:, while in pericope 2839:יולך ה' אתך ואת מלכך 2017:is widely spread out 1961:are made overlapping 1786:is widely spread out 1720:is widely spread out 1593:is widely spread out 1411:Oddly-shaped letters 1317:The letter "aleph" ( 1252:) of "walivkothah" ( 1108:The letter "aleph" ( 1052:The letter "lamed" ( 833:) of "wehithğalaḥ" ( 829:The letter "ğimel" ( 10322:(divorce documents) 9631:Bar-Ilan University 9294:Bar-Ilan University 9173:Shelomo Dov Goitein 9094:(2017), p. 45; cf. 7554:(The London Codex ( 7277:(1976), pp. xiv; 88 7233:Damascus Pentateuch 6051:Damascus Pentateuch 5910:Havatzelet Hasharon 5629:both have the word 5627:Damascus Pentateuch 5500:` which belongs , ` 5289:Damascus Pentateuch 4575:as its master text. 4530:Literally, "write." 4364:, on the year 5250 2943:Yemenite tradition 2933: 2533:Damascus Pentateuch 2362: 2354:(last three lines) 2319:Bar-Ilan University 2226:Yemenite Tradition 2192: 2085: 1248:The letter "kaph" ( 1223:) of "behibar'am" ( 1160:Havatzelet HaSharon 1104:שריך ישראל מי כמוך 995:The letter "ṣadi" ( 939:The letter "ayin" ( 759:The letter "resh" ( 637:Havatzelet Hasharon 181:are בי"ה שמ"ו (see 154:Hilkhot Sefer Torah 32:Five Books of Moses 10439:Jewish manuscripts 10429:Hebrew calligraphy 10184:- Biblical Culture 8991:Shimon Bar Tzemach 8518:defective scriptum 8446:defective scriptum 8389:of שלום is broken. 8307:defective scriptum 8295:defective scriptum 8009:defective scriptum 7997:defective scriptum 7906:defective scriptum 7824:defective scriptum 7522:defective scriptum 7351:, since it is the 7143:(1977), folio 102r 6784:in the word "lo" ( 6504:The Hebrew letter 6408:(Maharitz) in his 6322:) there also says 5864:defective scriptum 5797:defective scriptum 5736:defective scriptum 5703:defective scriptum 5683:defective scriptum 5675:defective scriptum 5659:defective scriptum 5651:defective scriptum 5565:Speak unto Aaron, 5502:Speak unto Aaron, 5443:defective scriptum 5435:defective scriptum 5427:defective scriptum 5421:written without a 5362:defective scriptum 5349:defective scriptum 5343:written without a 5329:defective scriptum 5321:defective scriptum 5261:defective scriptum 5216:defective scriptum 5208:defective scriptum 5200:defective scriptum 5194:written without a 5136:defective scriptum 5130:written without a 5116:defective scriptum 5108:defective scriptum 4854:Parashat Vayishlaḥ 4819:defective scriptum 4805:). Their accepted 4779:defective scriptum 4751:Baladi-rite prayer 4368:(1490 CE), wrote: 4151:Targum of Jonathan 3847:full-grain leather 3442:לא תעמד על דם רעיך 3405:(פר' פתוחה (המקריב 3400:(פר' פתוחה (המקריב 3395:(פר' פתוחה (המקריב 3390:(פר' פתוחה (המקריב 3367:(פר' פתוחה (כל חלב 3362:(פר' פתוחה (כל חלב 3357:(פר' פתוחה (כל חלב 3352:(פר' פתוחה (כל חלב 3347:(פר' פתוחה (כל חלב 3330:(פר' סתומה (פסל לך 3325:(פר' סתומה (פסל לך 3320:(פר' סתומה (פסל לך 3315:(פר' סתומה (פסל לך 3310:(פר' פתוחה (פסל לך 2931: 2809:וימסרו מאלפי ישראל 2639:defective scriptum 2617:defective scriptum 2609:ויהי ביום כלות משה 2405:יהוה ימלך לעלם ועד 2384:יהוה ימלך לעלם ועד 2361:Comparative Texts 2360: 2266:Shemuel ibn Tibbon 2186: 1357:The letter "yod" ( 1276:The letter "qof" ( 1084:) of "haladonai" ( 1023:The letter "qof" ( 902:) of "mishpaṭan" ( 898:The letter "nun" ( 870:The letter "yod" ( 800:The letter "waw" ( 690:The letter "bet" ( 648: 550:defective scriptum 506:defective scriptum 427:defective scriptum 406:defective scriptum 339:defective scriptum 318:defective scriptum 277: 253:defective scriptum 213:full-grain leather 169: 138:defective scriptum 132:of the Torah, and 103:defective scriptum 25: 10401: 10400: 10376:Tiqqunei soferim 10136:Rigler, Michael: 10120:Massorah le-Yosef 10092:Midrash ha-Ḥefetz 10087:Zechariah ha-Rofé 10070:Midrash ha-Ḥefetz 10065:Zechariah ha-Rofé 9610:Ben-Zvi Institute 9362:Mossad Harav Kook 9340:978-965-555-318-5 9311:Mossad Harav Kook 9221:978-965-90891-2-3 9100:Babylonian Talmud 8953:(1979b), vol. 3, 8894:Babylonian Talmud 8867:Babylonian Talmud 8814:Babylonian Talmud 8709:untreated leather 8091:(1979a), vol. 1, 7497:יובל היא תהיה לכם 7495:(Lev. 19:16) and 7427:Babylonian Talmud 7345:מה טבו אהליך יעקב 7188:Ms. Huntington 80 7152:The lines of the 7091:Ms. Huntington 80 6918:Ms. Huntington 80 6406:Rabbi Yihye Saleh 6053:(vol. 2, p. 308). 5482:Ms. Huntington 80 4402:Samuel Ibn Tibbon 4376:, in the chapter 4293: 4287: 4276: 4265: 4254: 4243: 4232: 4184: 4092:Cordia abyssinica 4012:Isaac ben Sheshet 3761: 3741: 3725: 3669: 3668: 3635: 3598: 3561: 3524: 3487: 3450: 3437:לא תעמד על דם רעך 3432:לא תעמד על דם רעך 3427:לא תעמד על דם רעך 3422:לא תעמד על דם רעך 3417:לא תעמד על דם רעך 3413: 3375: 3338: 3300: 3263: 3226: 3184: 3147: 3110: 3073: 3036: 2999: 2962: 2831:Deuteronomy 28:36 2811:), and where the 2754: 2750: 2547:defective scripta 2513: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2489:Sephardic scroll 2445:Sephardic scroll 2397:Sephardic scroll 2268:the physician of 2249: 2248: 2229: 2202: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2052: 2018: 1992: 1962: 1949:The letter "pe" ( 1915: 1892: 1861: 1826: 1787: 1760: 1721: 1694: 1667: 1640: 1617: 1594: 1452:Zechariah ha-Rofé 1406: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1353: 1326: 1312: 1285: 1271: 1257: 1243: 1228: 1219:The letter "he" ( 1214: 1174:The Small Letters 1121: 1120: 1117: 1112:) of "ashrekha" ( 1089: 1080:The letter "he" ( 1061: 1032: 1004: 986:כימי השמים על האר 976: 958:יי' אלהינו יי' אח 948: 935:ישראל יי' אלהינו 907: 889:ויקרב משה את משפט 879: 838: 809: 768: 728: 699: 694:) of "breishit" ( 623:The Large Letters 614:Irregular letters 603: 602: 599: 570: 553: 532: 509: 476: 459: 430: 409: 376: 359: 342: 321: 10461: 10379: 10371: 10363:Soferim (Talmud) 10356:Related articles 10347: 10339: 10331: 10323: 10315: 10256: 10232:Lists of scribes 10212: 10205: 10198: 10189: 10157:Yeivin, Israel: 10104: 10082: 10060: 10043: 10025: 10019: 10011: 9999: 9980: 9946: 9922: 9902: 9896: 9888: 9868: 9862: 9854: 9834: 9828: 9820: 9813:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq 9808: 9801:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq 9796: 9789:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq 9784: 9778: 9770: 9763:Ratzaby, Yitzhaq 9758: 9752: 9744: 9727: 9721: 9713: 9693: 9673: 9652: 9621: 9593: 9587: 9579: 9563: 9553: 9547: 9539: 9525: 9505: 9481: 9475: 9467: 9453: 9427: 9411:, s.v. Part II, 9410: 9390: 9373: 9352: 9322: 9297: 9283: 9271: 9247: 9241: 9233: 9203: 9188:Midrash ha-Beʼur 9182: 9155: 9151:(1866), chapter 9146: 9140: 9134: 9128: 9125: 9119: 9113: 9107: 9089: 9083: 9080: 9074: 9053: 9047: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9027:Abraham ibn Ezra 8941:Hil. Sefer Torah 8934: 8928: 8918: 8912: 8891: 8885: 8882: 8876: 8864: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8837: 8831: 8829: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8789: 8783: 8781: 8773: 8767: 8732:Rabbeinu Hananel 8718: 8712: 8674: 8668: 8653: 8647: 8645: 8609: 8603: 8600: 8594: 8591: 8580: 8573: 8567: 8563: 8557: 8555: 8543: 8537: 8507: 8501: 8498: 8492: 8489: 8483: 8480: 8474: 8471: 8465: 8435: 8429: 8422: 8416: 8409: 8403: 8396: 8390: 8383: 8377: 8374: 8368: 8365: 8359: 8356: 8350: 8347: 8341: 8338: 8332: 8329: 8323: 8320: 8314: 8284: 8278: 8275: 8269: 8266: 8260: 8257: 8251: 8244: 8238: 8235: 8229: 8226: 8220: 8217: 8211: 8208: 8202: 8199: 8193: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8175: 8172: 8163: 8160: 8151: 8148: 8142: 8139: 8130: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8070: 8067: 8061: 8058: 8052: 8049: 8043: 8040: 8034: 8031: 8025: 8022: 8016: 7986: 7980: 7977: 7971: 7968: 7962: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7944: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7926: 7923: 7917: 7895: 7889: 7886: 7880: 7877: 7871: 7868: 7862: 7859: 7853: 7850: 7844: 7841: 7835: 7813: 7807: 7804: 7798: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7780: 7769: 7763: 7752: 7746: 7743: 7737: 7734: 7728: 7725: 7719: 7692: 7686: 7683: 7677: 7674: 7668: 7661: 7644: 7641: 7632: 7629: 7623: 7620: 7614: 7607: 7601: 7586: 7580: 7573: 7567: 7539: 7533: 7514: 7508: 7482: 7476: 7473: 7467: 7460: 7454: 7451:Hil. Sefer Torah 7440: 7434: 7416: 7410: 7404: 7398: 7386: 7380: 7370: 7364: 7334: 7328: 7325:Tikkunei Soferim 7315: 7309: 7306:Tikkunei Soferim 7299: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7251: 7245: 7242: 7236: 7226: 7220: 7216: 7210: 7197: 7191: 7184:Bodleian Library 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7125:Vatican ebr. 448 7117: 7111: 7108: 7102: 7099:Hil. Sefer Torah 7087:Bodleian Library 7073: 7067: 7061: 7055: 7033: 7027: 7016: 7010: 7003:גם בחור גם בתולה 6996: 6990: 6987: 6981: 6968: 6962: 6957:(1979), vol. 2, 6952: 6946: 6939: 6933: 6926:Hil. Sefer Torah 6914:Bodleian Library 6906: 6900: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6851: 6845: 6831: 6825: 6822: 6816: 6805: 6795: 6789: 6778: 6772: 6768:(1978), p. 232; 6759: 6753: 6750: 6741: 6730: 6724: 6717: 6711: 6704: 6698: 6695: 6689: 6685:(1978), p. 231; 6679:Midrash ha-Ḥefeṣ 6670: 6659: 6655:(1978), p. 231; 6644: 6631: 6622:(1978), p. 231; 6611: 6605: 6599: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6569: 6563: 6557: 6548: 6542: 6532: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6502: 6493: 6487: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6457: 6451: 6448: 6439: 6432: 6426: 6423: 6417: 6399: 6393: 6390: 6384: 6374: 6368: 6341: 6335: 6308: 6302: 6283: 6277: 6250: 6244: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6203: 6196: 6190: 6187: 6181: 6171: 6165: 6154: 6148: 6141: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6119: 6113: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6073: 6067: 6060: 6054: 6039: 6033: 6026: 6020: 6013: 6007: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5947: 5944: 5913: 5902: 5896: 5893:Hil. Sefer Torah 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5848:(Hebrew). Rabbi 5836:(1987), p. 103; 5829:Hil. Sefer Torah 5818: 5812: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5751: 5724: 5718: 5692: 5686: 5619: 5613: 5610: 5604: 5567:` (Lev. 6:17); ` 5559:` (Lev. 6:12); ` 5504:` (Lev. 6:17); ` 5496:`(Lev. 6:12); "` 5478:Bodleian Library 5470:Hil. Sefer Torah 5466: 5460: 5452: 5446: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5378: 5353:Avraham ibn Ezra 5306: 5300: 5295:), had the name 5278: 5272: 5225: 5219: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5163: 5160: 5139: 5093: 5087: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5056: 5050: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4985: 4978: 4972: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4911: 4901: 4895: 4892:Hil. Sefer Torah 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4836: 4830: 4771: 4736: 4729: 4723: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4677: 4674:parashah sedurah 4670: 4664: 4661: 4655: 4652: 4646: 4643: 4637: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4589: 4582: 4576: 4547: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4436:the Book of Ezra 4374:Piece on Grammar 4291: 4285: 4274: 4263: 4252: 4241: 4230: 4178: 3909: 3831:Ricinus communis 3819: 3759: 3757: 3745: 3739: 3737: 3723: 3721: 3633: 3596: 3559: 3522: 3485: 3448: 3411: 3373: 3336: 3298: 3261: 3224: 3219:לא תחמד אשת רעך 3208:לא תחמד אשת רעך 3202:לא תחמד אשת רעך 3196:לא תחמד אשת רעך 3190:לא תחמד אשת רעך 3182: 3145: 3108: 3071: 3034: 2997: 2960: 2949:Leningrad Codex 2934: 2758:Parashat Shemini 2752: 2748: 2585:Mordechai Breuer 2577:) does not list 2472:Yemenite scroll 2428:Yemenite scroll 2376:Yemenite scroll 2363: 2347: 2285: 2227: 2200: 2193: 2173:Chaim Benveniste 2158:and ending with 2150:and ending with 2134:and ending with 2126:and ending with 2118:and ending with 2069: 2046: 2008: 1987: 1948: 1909: 1882: 1847: 1808: 1777: 1742: 1711: 1684: 1681:הט החרב המתהפכת 1657: 1634: 1611: 1584: 1546: 1539: 1535: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1515: 1509: 1505: 1499: 1495: 1489: 1485: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1465: 1457:Midrash ha-Hefez 1404: 1356: 1349: 1321:) of "wayiqra" ( 1316: 1308: 1275: 1267: 1247: 1239: 1218: 1210: 1178: 1107: 1079: 1051: 1022: 999:) of "ha'areṣ" ( 994: 966: 938: 897: 869: 866:גדל נא כח אדני 828: 799: 758: 750:לא תשתחוה לאל אח 718: 689: 650: 597: 568: 547: 524: 503: 474: 457: 424: 403: 374: 357: 336: 315: 279: 10469: 10468: 10464: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10458: 10404: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10388: 10377: 10369: 10351: 10345: 10337: 10329: 10321: 10313: 10290: 10257: 10248: 10227: 10216: 10168: 10112: 10110:Further reading 10107: 10085: 10063: 10046: 10029: 10012: 10002: 9983: 9962: 9949: 9925: 9905: 9889: 9871: 9855: 9837: 9821: 9811: 9799: 9787: 9771: 9761: 9745: 9730: 9714: 9696: 9676: 9655: 9641: 9624: 9596: 9580: 9566: 9557: 9540: 9528: 9508: 9484: 9468: 9456: 9442:Vatican Library 9430: 9418: 9393: 9376: 9355: 9341: 9325: 9301: 9286: 9274: 9250: 9234: 9222: 9206: 9185: 9169:Abraham Maimuni 9167: 9163: 9158: 9147: 9143: 9135: 9131: 9126: 9122: 9114: 9110: 9090: 9086: 9081: 9077: 9054: 9050: 9039: 9037: 9033: 8935: 8931: 8919: 8915: 8892: 8888: 8883: 8879: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8844: 8838: 8834: 8811: 8807: 8799: 8795: 8790: 8786: 8779: 8774: 8770: 8719: 8715: 8675: 8671: 8654: 8650: 8613:Pesikta Rabbati 8611: 8610: 8606: 8601: 8597: 8592: 8583: 8574: 8570: 8564: 8560: 8553: 8546:Abraham Maimuni 8544: 8540: 8508: 8504: 8499: 8495: 8490: 8486: 8481: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8464:) being broken. 8436: 8432: 8428:is not broken). 8423: 8419: 8410: 8406: 8402:is not broken). 8397: 8393: 8384: 8380: 8375: 8371: 8366: 8362: 8357: 8353: 8348: 8344: 8339: 8335: 8330: 8326: 8321: 8317: 8285: 8281: 8276: 8272: 8267: 8263: 8258: 8254: 8245: 8241: 8236: 8232: 8227: 8223: 8218: 8214: 8209: 8205: 8200: 8196: 8191: 8187: 8182: 8178: 8173: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8140: 8133: 8097:Menahem Lonzano 8086: 8082: 8077: 8073: 8068: 8064: 8059: 8055: 8050: 8046: 8041: 8037: 8032: 8028: 8023: 8019: 7987: 7983: 7978: 7974: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7956: 7951: 7947: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7920: 7896: 7892: 7887: 7883: 7878: 7874: 7869: 7865: 7860: 7856: 7851: 7847: 7842: 7838: 7814: 7810: 7805: 7801: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7783: 7770: 7766: 7753: 7749: 7744: 7740: 7735: 7731: 7726: 7722: 7716:ויהיו כל ימי נח 7700:Ḥeleq ha-Diqdūq 7693: 7689: 7684: 7680: 7675: 7671: 7662: 7647: 7642: 7635: 7630: 7626: 7621: 7617: 7608: 7604: 7587: 7583: 7577:Leningrad Codex 7574: 7570: 7552:British Library 7543:Ch. D. Ginsburg 7540: 7536: 7515: 7511: 7486:בטרם תבוא אליהן 7483: 7479: 7474: 7470: 7461: 7457: 7441: 7437: 7417: 7413: 7405: 7401: 7387: 7383: 7377:Treatise Sofrim 7371: 7367: 7335: 7331: 7316: 7312: 7304:(1956), p. 38; 7300: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7263:Treatise Sofrim 7261: 7257: 7252: 7248: 7243: 7239: 7227: 7223: 7217: 7213: 7201:Vatican Library 7198: 7194: 7176:Song of the Sea 7154:Song of the Sea 7151: 7147: 7139: 7135: 7118: 7114: 7109: 7105: 7077:Song of the Sea 7074: 7070: 7062: 7058: 7034: 7030: 7017: 7013: 6997: 6993: 6988: 6984: 6969: 6965: 6953: 6949: 6940: 6936: 6910:Shirat Ha'azinu 6907: 6903: 6896:Treatise Sofrim 6881: 6877: 6873:(1978), p. 234. 6869: 6865: 6852: 6848: 6832: 6828: 6823: 6819: 6803: 6796: 6792: 6779: 6775: 6760: 6756: 6751: 6744: 6731: 6727: 6718: 6714: 6705: 6701: 6696: 6692: 6671: 6662: 6645: 6634: 6612: 6608: 6591: 6587: 6570: 6566: 6549: 6545: 6524: 6520: 6503: 6496: 6479: 6475: 6458: 6454: 6449: 6442: 6433: 6429: 6424: 6420: 6410:Ḥeleq ha-Diqdūq 6400: 6396: 6391: 6387: 6375: 6371: 6342: 6338: 6309: 6305: 6284: 6280: 6251: 6247: 6230: 6226: 6221: 6206: 6202:(1978), p. 228. 6197: 6193: 6188: 6184: 6172: 6168: 6155: 6151: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6129: 6120: 6116: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6074: 6070: 6061: 6057: 6040: 6036: 6027: 6023: 6014: 6010: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5988: 5984:(1987), p. 105. 5980: 5969: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5945: 5916: 5903: 5899: 5886: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5846:ויהיו כל ימי נח 5842:Ḥeleq ha-Diqdūq 5819: 5815: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5754: 5725: 5721: 5693: 5689: 5623:Leningrad Codex 5620: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5575:` (Lev. 7:11); 5571:` (Lev. 7:1); ` 5534:Leningrad Codex 5512:` (Lev. 7:11); 5508:` (Lev. 7:1); ` 5467: 5463: 5453: 5449: 5415:Leningrad Codex 5412: 5408: 5404:(1987), p. 104. 5400: 5381: 5377:in this regard. 5337:Leningrad Codex 5307: 5303: 5293:Me'oroth Nathan 5279: 5275: 5249:ויהיו כל ימי נח 5229:Leningrad Codex 5226: 5222: 5188:Leningrad Codex 5185: 5181: 5177:(1987), p. 103. 5173: 5166: 5161: 5142: 5124:Leningrad Codex 5094: 5090: 5085: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5057: 5053: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4988: 4979: 4975: 4969:Song of the Sea 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4914: 4902: 4898: 4884: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4837: 4833: 4791:Menahem Lonzano 4772: 4768: 4764: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4730: 4726: 4693: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4640: 4631: 4627: 4618: 4614: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4583: 4579: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4378:lemaʻan tizkaru 4286:(Exo.15: 1-ff.) 4283:Song of the Sea 4226:, for example: 4212: 4211: 4192: 4112:Yemenite Jewish 4108: 4106:Reading customs 4084: 3996:David ben Zimra 3960: 3892:copper sulphate 3772: 3712:Tajā de-Oraitha 3671:In the days of 3139:בטרם תבוא אליהן 3065:ויהיו כל ימי נח 3060:ויהיו כל ימי נח 3055:ויהיו כל ימי נח 3045:ויהיו כל ימי נח 3003:נבקעו כל מעינות 2966:גדול עוני מנשוא 2952:Damascus Codex 2916:) instead of a 2862:Leningrad Codex 2855: 2763:Leviticus 10:16 2744: 2729: 2714: 2700:באים אחריהם בים 2699: 2684: 2669: 2647: 2621:Masoretic Texts 2559:Treatise Sofrim 2551:textus receptus 2529:Leningrad Codex 2432:וישב יהוה עליהם 2352:Song of the Sea 2334:Song of the Sea 2323:Song of the Sea 2311:Song of the Sea 2307:Song of the Sea 2296:Song of the Sea 2275:Song of the Sea 2254: 2189:Shirat Ha'azinu 2097:Shirat Ha'azinu 2091: 1984:ויהי בנסע הארן 1883:The two "pe"s ( 1604:וקוץ ודרדר תצמי 1413: 1405:(Numbers 25:10) 1176: 1143: 1103: 1076:ליי' תגמלו זאת 1075: 1048:כם אל ארץ אחרת 1047: 1018: 991: 963: 934: 894: 874:) of "yigdal" ( 865: 824: 795: 755: 714: 685: 635:, in his book, 629:Otiyyot Gedolot 625: 616: 353:ויהיו כל ימי נח 239: 207:Song of the Sea 187:Song of the Sea 174: 66:Leningrad Codex 30:containing the 17: 12: 11: 5: 10467: 10465: 10457: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10406: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10386: 10381: 10373: 10365: 10359: 10357: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10349: 10341: 10333: 10325: 10317: 10309: 10304: 10298: 10296: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10267: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10251: 10249: 10247: 10246: 10244:List of sofers 10241: 10239:Great Assembly 10235: 10233: 10229: 10228: 10217: 10215: 10214: 10207: 10200: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10179: 10174: 10167: 10166:External links 10164: 10163: 10162: 10155: 10141: 10134: 10123: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10105: 10083: 10061: 10044: 10027: 10004:Tīkkūn Soferīm 10000: 9985:Subeiri, Yosef 9981: 9960: 9947: 9923: 9903: 9869: 9835: 9809: 9797: 9785: 9759: 9728: 9702:Sa'arat Teiman 9694: 9674: 9653: 9639: 9622: 9594: 9576:Meor ha-Afelah 9564: 9555: 9526: 9506: 9482: 9454: 9434:, ed. (1977). 9432:Macho, A. Díez 9428: 9416: 9391: 9374: 9353: 9339: 9323: 9299: 9284: 9276:Benveniste, C. 9272: 9252:Ben Isaiah, N. 9248: 9220: 9204: 9183: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9156: 9141: 9129: 9120: 9108: 9084: 9075: 9071:Moses Isserles 9057:Shulchan Aruch 9048: 9031: 8929: 8913: 8886: 8877: 8854: 8852:(1989), p. 965 8842: 8832: 8805: 8793: 8784: 8768: 8723:Sefer Ha-Arukh 8713: 8701:Acacia etbaica 8669: 8648: 8604: 8595: 8581: 8568: 8558: 8538: 8502: 8493: 8484: 8475: 8466: 8430: 8417: 8415:is not broken. 8404: 8391: 8378: 8369: 8360: 8351: 8342: 8333: 8324: 8315: 8279: 8270: 8261: 8252: 8239: 8230: 8221: 8212: 8203: 8194: 8185: 8176: 8164: 8152: 8143: 8131: 8080: 8071: 8062: 8053: 8044: 8035: 8026: 8017: 7981: 7972: 7963: 7954: 7945: 7936: 7927: 7918: 7890: 7881: 7872: 7863: 7854: 7845: 7836: 7808: 7799: 7790: 7781: 7764: 7747: 7738: 7729: 7720: 7687: 7678: 7669: 7645: 7633: 7624: 7615: 7602: 7598:Damascus Codex 7596:Ms. 507). See 7581: 7568: 7534: 7509: 7505:ועתה בחדש תמוז 7477: 7468: 7455: 7435: 7423:Metzudat David 7411: 7407:Ben Isaiah, N. 7399: 7395:Tikkun Soferim 7390:Tikkun Soferim 7381: 7365: 7337:Jedidiah Norzi 7329: 7320:Tikkun Soferim 7310: 7279: 7267: 7255: 7246: 7237: 7221: 7211: 7192: 7164:Jedidiah Norzi 7159:Tikkun Soferim 7145: 7141:Macho, A. Díez 7133: 7121:Damascus Codex 7112: 7103: 7068: 7056: 7028: 7011: 7007:Targum Onkelos 6999:Macho, A. Díez 6991: 6982: 6971:Benveniste, C. 6963: 6947: 6934: 6901: 6891:Minor Tractate 6875: 6863: 6846: 6826: 6817: 6790: 6773: 6754: 6742: 6725: 6712: 6699: 6690: 6674:Tikkun Soferim 6660: 6648:Tikkun Soferim 6632: 6615:Tikkun Soferim 6606: 6585: 6564: 6543: 6518: 6494: 6473: 6452: 6440: 6427: 6418: 6394: 6385: 6369: 6336: 6303: 6278: 6245: 6224: 6204: 6191: 6182: 6166: 6149: 6136: 6127: 6114: 6101: 6089: 6068: 6055: 6034: 6021: 6008: 5995: 5986: 5967: 5957: 5948: 5914: 5897: 5880: 5878:(1978), p. 228 5868: 5850:Menachem Meiri 5813: 5776: 5752: 5746:) of the word 5719: 5711:plene scriptum 5687: 5639:plene scriptum 5614: 5605: 5476:), now at the 5461: 5447: 5406: 5379: 5301: 5273: 5269:plene scriptum 5220: 5179: 5164: 5140: 5088: 5079: 5067: 5051: 5031: 5022: 5013: 5004: 4995: 4986: 4973: 4948: 4939: 4929: 4927:(1989), p. 934 4912: 4896: 4878: 4866: 4831: 4799:Jedidiah Norzi 4765: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4746: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4724: 4712:נבקעו על מעינת 4700:גדול עוני מנשא 4687: 4678: 4665: 4656: 4647: 4638: 4625: 4612: 4608:Sefer Yuchasin 4599: 4590: 4586:Abraham Zacuto 4577: 4559:, rather than 4552:Sefer Yuchasin 4542: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4500: 4499: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4191: 4188: 4135:Shulchan Aruch 4120:Targum Onkelos 4110:The universal 4107: 4104: 4083: 4080: 3959: 3956: 3896:copper vitriol 3888: 3887: 3872: 3810:Tragacanth gum 3786:Acacia etbaica 3771: 3768: 3764:Masoretic text 3697:Rabbeinu Asher 3693:Shulhan Arukh' 3667: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3511:אשר נקבו בשמות 3508: 3506:אשר נקבו בשמות 3503: 3498: 3493: 3491:אשר נקבו בשמות 3488: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3171:כי יד על כס יה 3168: 3166:כי יד על כס יה 3163: 3158: 3156:כי יד על כס יה 3153: 3151:כי יד על כס יה 3148: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3134:בטרם תבוא אלהן 3131: 3129:בטרם תבוא אלהן 3126: 3124:בטרם תבוא אלהן 3121: 3119:בטרם תבוא אלהן 3116: 3114:בטרם תבוא אלהן 3111: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3040:ויהי כל ימי נח 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028:נבקעו כל מעינת 3025: 3020: 3018:נבקעו כל מעינת 3015: 3010: 3008:נבקעו כל מעינת 3005: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991:גדול עוני מנשא 2988: 2983: 2981:גדול עוני מנשא 2978: 2973: 2971:גדול עוני מנשא 2968: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2928:of Ben-Asher. 2866:Damascus Crown 2854: 2851: 2784:Tikkun Soferim 2742: 2730:וצא שפתיך תשמר 2727: 2712: 2697: 2685:הודה אתה יודוך 2682: 2667: 2646: 2643: 2630:plene scriptum 2627:is written in 2589:Gilyon ha-Shas 2511: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2429: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2356: 2355: 2350:Layout of the 2253: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2197: 2191:(Deut. 32:25) 2090: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2078:is overlapping 2067: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1946: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1907: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1880: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1845: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1825:is overlapping 1806: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1740: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1709: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1682: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1655: 1654:חהו יי' אלהים 1648: 1642: 1641: 1632: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1609: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1582: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1412: 1409: 1368: 1367: 1361:) of "teshi" ( 1354: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1314: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1280:) of "qaṣti" ( 1273: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1245: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1216: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1175: 1172: 1141: 1119: 1118: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1077: 1071: 1069: 1063: 1062: 1049: 1043: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1020: 1014: 1012: 1006: 1005: 992: 987: 984: 978: 977: 964: 959: 956: 950: 949: 943:) of "shǝma" ( 936: 930: 927: 921: 920: 918: 912: 909: 908: 895: 890: 887: 881: 880: 867: 861: 858: 852: 851: 849: 843: 840: 839: 826: 820: 817: 811: 810: 804:) of "ğaḥon" ( 797: 791: 788: 782: 781: 779: 773: 770: 769: 756: 751: 748: 742: 741: 739: 733: 730: 729: 723:) of "sefer" ( 716: 710: 707: 701: 700: 687: 681: 679: 673: 672: 670: 664: 661: 660: 657: 654: 624: 621: 615: 612: 601: 600: 595: 590: 584: 583: 581: 575: 572: 571: 566: 561: 555: 554: 545: 540: 534: 533: 528:plene scriptum 522: 517: 511: 510: 501: 496: 490: 489: 487: 481: 478: 477: 472: 467: 461: 460: 455: 450: 444: 443: 441: 435: 432: 431: 422: 417: 411: 410: 401: 396: 390: 389: 387: 381: 378: 377: 372: 367: 361: 360: 355: 350: 344: 343: 334: 332:נבקעו כל מעינת 329: 323: 322: 313: 311:גדול עוני מנשא 308: 302: 301: 299: 293: 290: 289: 286: 283: 238: 235: 223:Acacia etbaica 173: 170: 85:Menachem Meiri 56:traditions of 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10466: 10455: 10454:Yemenite Jews 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10396: 10391: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10374: 10372: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10360: 10358: 10354: 10348: 10342: 10340: 10334: 10332: 10326: 10324: 10318: 10316: 10310: 10308: 10307:Five Megillot 10305: 10303: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10293: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10260: 10255: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10230: 10225: 10221: 10213: 10208: 10206: 10201: 10199: 10194: 10193: 10190: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10165: 10160: 10156: 10154: 10153:0-8028-0788-7 10150: 10146: 10142: 10139: 10135: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10121: 10117: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10102: 10098: 10094: 10093: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10071: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10017: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9979: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9961:9789004367531 9957: 9953: 9948: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9933:(in Hebrew). 9932: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9900: 9894: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9860: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9836: 9832: 9826: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9776: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9729: 9725: 9719: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9640:965-226-129-7 9636: 9632: 9628: 9623: 9619: 9618:23414876= 9615: 9611: 9607: 9604:(in Hebrew). 9603: 9601: 9595: 9591: 9585: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9545: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9473: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9414: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9360:. Jerusalem: 9359: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9336: 9332: 9331: 9330:Yihye Bashiri 9324: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9309:. Jerusalem: 9308: 9304: 9300: 9295: 9291: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9239: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9165: 9160: 9154: 9150: 9145: 9142: 9139:(2017), p. 10 9138: 9133: 9130: 9124: 9121: 9118:(2017), p. 45 9117: 9112: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9088: 9085: 9079: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9063: 9058: 9052: 9049: 9045: 9035: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9017:) wrote in a 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8938: 8933: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8917: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8887: 8881: 8878: 8874: 8873: 8868: 8865:150–151; cf. 8858: 8855: 8851: 8846: 8843: 8836: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8820: 8815: 8809: 8806: 8803:(1987), p. 99 8802: 8797: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8777: 8772: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8748: 8747:Shulhan Arukh 8743: 8742: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8717: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8683: 8680:mentioned in 8679: 8673: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8652: 8649: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8605: 8599: 8596: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8578: 8572: 8569: 8562: 8559: 8551: 8547: 8542: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8511: 8506: 8503: 8497: 8494: 8488: 8485: 8479: 8476: 8470: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8395: 8392: 8388: 8382: 8379: 8373: 8370: 8364: 8361: 8355: 8352: 8346: 8343: 8337: 8334: 8328: 8325: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8283: 8280: 8274: 8271: 8265: 8262: 8256: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8240: 8234: 8231: 8225: 8222: 8216: 8213: 8207: 8204: 8198: 8195: 8189: 8186: 8180: 8177: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8144: 8138: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8127: 8122: 8118: 8115:for Parashat 8114: 8110: 8109:Halleli Codex 8106: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8081: 8075: 8072: 8066: 8063: 8057: 8054: 8048: 8045: 8039: 8036: 8030: 8027: 8021: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7985: 7982: 7976: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7958: 7955: 7949: 7946: 7940: 7937: 7931: 7928: 7922: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7894: 7891: 7885: 7882: 7876: 7873: 7867: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7849: 7846: 7840: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7812: 7809: 7803: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7785: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7748: 7742: 7739: 7733: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7682: 7679: 7673: 7670: 7666: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7606: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7585: 7582: 7578: 7572: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7548: 7544: 7538: 7535: 7531: 7530:Ish Matzliach 7527: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7491: 7488:(Exo. 1:19), 7487: 7481: 7478: 7472: 7469: 7465: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7439: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7391: 7385: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7369: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7314: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7259: 7256: 7250: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7225: 7222: 7215: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7206:Vat. ebr. 448 7202: 7196: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7180:Shirat ha-Yam 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7149: 7146: 7142: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7116: 7113: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7085:, now at the 7084: 7083: 7082:Mishneh Torah 7078: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7060: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6995: 6992: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6973:(n.d.), s.v. 6972: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6951: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6883:Shulhan Arukh 6879: 6876: 6872: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6844:, frame 109r. 6843: 6839: 6835: 6830: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6758: 6755: 6749: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6729: 6726: 6722: 6716: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6595: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6574: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6553: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6528: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6470: 6462: 6456: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6428: 6422: 6419: 6415: 6414:Parashat Noaḥ 6411: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6228: 6225: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6192: 6186: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6105: 6102: 6099:(2017), p. 51 6098: 6093: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5958: 5952: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5691: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5621:Although the 5618: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5585:` (Lev. 7:28) 5584: 5580: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5548: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5522:` (Lev. 7:22) 5521: 5517: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5474:Sefer Vayiqra 5471: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5039:Shulhan Arukh 5035: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5017: 5014: 5008: 5005: 4999: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4982:Shelomo Morag 4977: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4965:Shirat ha-Yam 4962: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4933: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4783:Meir Abulafia 4780: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4666: 4660: 4657: 4651: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4606:In the book, 4603: 4600: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4574: 4573:Sefer Halleli 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4549:In the book, 4546: 4543: 4536: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4384:and Rabbeinu 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4301: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4273: 4269: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4187: 4182: 4173: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4160: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3837:According to 3835: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3753: 3749: 3733: 3729: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3705:Shulhan Arukh 3702: 3701:Shulhan Arukh 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3553:ובראשי חדשיכם 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3543:ובראשי חדשיכם 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3533:ובראשי חדשיכם 3531: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3516:אשר נקבו בשמת 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3501:אשר נקבו בשמת 3499: 3497: 3496:אשר נקבו בשמת 3494: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3449:Lev. 25:10–12 3447: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3176:כי יד על כסיה 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3161:כי יד על כסיה 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3144: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2955:Aleppo Codex 2954: 2951: 2948: 2946:London Codex 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2843:2 Kings 22:13 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2746: 2740:) represents 2739: 2735: 2731: 2725:) represents 2724: 2720: 2716: 2710:) represents 2709: 2705: 2701: 2695:) represents 2694: 2690: 2686: 2680:) represents 2679: 2675: 2671: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2525:כי יד על כסיה 2522: 2518: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467:Aleppo Codex 2460: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2423:Aleppo Codex 2416: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2371:Aleppo Codex 2364: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2342:Shirat ha-Yam 2339: 2338:Shirat ha-Yam 2335: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2258:Shirat ha-Yam 2251: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2199:Aleppo Codex 2198: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2103:Shulhan Arukh 2099: 2098: 2089: 2086:Prosaic Song 2077: 2073: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1534: 1524: 1514: 1504: 1494: 1484: 1474: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1429:וימת תרח בחרן 1426: 1422: 1418: 1415:According to 1410: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1392:in Leviticus 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1313:אל משה וידבר 1311: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156:Yihye Bashiri 1153: 1149: 1145: 1144:צר חסד לאלפים 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1002: 998: 993: 990: 985: 983: 980: 979: 974: 971:) of "eḥad" ( 970: 965: 962: 957: 955: 952: 951: 946: 942: 937: 933: 928: 926: 923: 922: 919: 916: 913: 911: 910: 905: 901: 896: 893: 888: 886: 883: 882: 877: 873: 868: 864: 859: 857: 854: 853: 850: 847: 844: 842: 841: 836: 832: 827: 823: 818: 816: 813: 812: 807: 803: 798: 794: 790:כל הולך על גח 789: 787: 784: 783: 780: 777: 774: 772: 771: 766: 763:) of "aḥer" ( 762: 757: 754: 749: 747: 744: 743: 740: 737: 734: 732: 731: 726: 722: 717: 715:פר תולדת אדם 713: 708: 706: 703: 702: 697: 693: 688: 684: 680: 678: 675: 674: 671: 668: 665: 663: 662: 658: 655: 652: 651: 644: 640: 638: 634: 633:Yihye Bashiri 630: 622: 620: 613: 611: 609: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 585: 582: 579: 576: 574: 573: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 551: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 530: 529: 523: 521: 520:ובראשי חדשיכם 518: 516: 513: 512: 507: 502: 500: 499:אשר נקבו בשמת 497: 495: 492: 491: 488: 485: 482: 480: 479: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 462: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 442: 439: 436: 434: 433: 428: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 407: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 391: 388: 385: 382: 380: 379: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 362: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 345: 340: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 319: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 303: 300: 297: 294: 292: 291: 287: 284: 281: 280: 274: 270: 267:200 year old 265: 261: 259: 255: 254: 250: 245: 236: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 219: 214: 209: 208: 203: 202: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 171: 165: 161: 159: 155: 151: 150:Mishneh Torah 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 126: 118: 113: 111: 106: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 86: 83:, as also by 82: 78: 74: 69: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 38: 33: 29: 21: 10383: 10346:(guide text) 10158: 10144: 10137: 10130: 10126: 10119: 10091: 10069: 10048: 10031: 10007: 9988: 9951: 9934: 9930: 9910: 9876: 9842: 9816: 9804: 9792: 9766: 9732: 9701: 9681: 9662:Mishne Torah 9660: 9626: 9605: 9598: 9575: 9562:. Princeton. 9559: 9535:Kiryat Sefer 9534: 9514:Kiryat Sefer 9513: 9493: 9489: 9463:Mishne Torah 9461: 9436: 9423: 9412: 9398: 9378: 9357: 9327: 9306: 9288: 9279: 9255: 9211: 9187: 9177: 9161:Bibliography 9153:Ḥadrei Teman 9152: 9144: 9132: 9123: 9111: 9103: 9087: 9078: 9066: 9060: 9051: 9034: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8967:Qiryat Sefer 8966: 8954: 8945: 8940: 8932: 8924: 8916: 8908: 8904: 8898: 8889: 8880: 8870: 8857: 8845: 8835: 8823: 8816: 8808: 8796: 8787: 8771: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8734:, and Rabbi 8721: 8716: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8688: 8684: 8672: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8651: 8640: 8636: 8634: 8621: 8607: 8598: 8576: 8571: 8561: 8549: 8541: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8505: 8496: 8487: 8478: 8469: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8433: 8425: 8420: 8412: 8407: 8399: 8394: 8386: 8381: 8372: 8363: 8354: 8345: 8336: 8327: 8318: 8310: 8309:– without a 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8282: 8273: 8264: 8255: 8247: 8242: 8233: 8224: 8215: 8206: 8197: 8188: 8179: 8146: 8126:Mishne Torah 8124: 8116: 8113:Open Section 8108: 8104: 8100: 8092: 8083: 8074: 8065: 8056: 8047: 8038: 8029: 8020: 8012: 8011:– without a 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7984: 7975: 7966: 7957: 7948: 7939: 7930: 7921: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7893: 7884: 7875: 7866: 7857: 7848: 7839: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7802: 7793: 7784: 7776: 7772: 7767: 7759: 7755: 7750: 7741: 7732: 7723: 7715: 7711: 7710:in the word 7707: 7703: 7699: 7690: 7681: 7672: 7627: 7618: 7611:Aleppo Codex 7605: 7589: 7588:Composed in 7584: 7571: 7559: 7537: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7512: 7504: 7503:# 146, s.v. 7500: 7496: 7492: 7489: 7485: 7480: 7471: 7464:M.D. Cassuto 7458: 7450: 7447:Mishne Torah 7438: 7430: 7422: 7414: 7402: 7394: 7388: 7384: 7376: 7368: 7361:Baal Haturim 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7332: 7324: 7318: 7313: 7305: 7270: 7262: 7258: 7249: 7240: 7224: 7214: 7205: 7195: 7179: 7175: 7167: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7136: 7129:London Codex 7115: 7106: 7098: 7095:Mishne Torah 7094: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7059: 7047: 7039: 7031: 7023: 7020:Aleppo Codex 7014: 7002: 6994: 6985: 6977: 6966: 6958: 6950: 6937: 6925: 6922:Mishne Torah 6921: 6909: 6904: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6866: 6858: 6854: 6849: 6837: 6829: 6820: 6815:, frame 96r. 6808: 6801: 6793: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6769: 6757: 6737: 6733: 6728: 6715: 6702: 6693: 6686: 6678: 6672: 6656: 6646: 6630:, frame 30v. 6623: 6613: 6609: 6593: 6588: 6572: 6567: 6551: 6546: 6538: 6526: 6521: 6505: 6481: 6476: 6460: 6455: 6430: 6421: 6413: 6409: 6397: 6388: 6380: 6372: 6367:, frame 142r 6360: 6356: 6353:Masora Parva 6352: 6348: 6344: 6339: 6327: 6323: 6320:Masora Parva 6319: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6294: 6291:Masora Parva 6290: 6286: 6281: 6269: 6265: 6262:Masora Parva 6261: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6236: 6232: 6227: 6194: 6185: 6177: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6152: 6144: 6139: 6130: 6122: 6117: 6109: 6104: 6092: 6087:, frame 130r 6080: 6076: 6071: 6063: 6058: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6029: 6024: 6016: 6011: 6003: 5998: 5989: 5960: 5951: 5909: 5900: 5892: 5889:Mishne Torah 5888: 5887:Maimonides, 5883: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5855:Kiryat Sefer 5854: 5845: 5841: 5840:(Maharitz), 5828: 5825:Mishne Torah 5824: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5784: 5779: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5695:M.D. Cassuto 5690: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5667:M.D. Cassuto 5662: 5661:– without a 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5643:Jacob Saphir 5638: 5634: 5630: 5617: 5608: 5600: 5597:M.D. Cassuto 5593:Take Aaron, 5592: 5588: 5582: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5547:Parashat Ṣau 5546: 5537: 5530:Take Aaron, 5529: 5525: 5519: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5486:Mishne Torah 5485: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5409: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5332: 5331:– without a 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5284: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5182: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5119: 5118:– without a 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5091: 5082: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5034: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4989: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4956: 4951: 4942: 4932: 4907: 4899: 4891: 4887:Mishne Torah 4885: 4881: 4869: 4861: 4853: 4849:Mahzor Vitri 4847: 4843: 4834: 4823:Aleppo Codex 4818: 4814: 4802: 4797:) and Rabbi 4794: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4733:Kiryat Sefer 4732: 4727: 4719: 4718:in the word 4715: 4711: 4707: 4706:in the word 4703: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4673: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4628: 4620: 4615: 4607: 4602: 4593: 4580: 4572: 4568: 4565:Kiryat Sefer 4564: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4545: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4510:Kiryat Sefer 4509: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4468:Kiryat Sefer 4467: 4463: 4455: 4451: 4448:Kiryat Sefer 4447: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4393: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4343: 4341: 4336: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4317: 4315: 4311:Kiryat Sefer 4310: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4290: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4266:, lacks a 4264:(Exo. 25:31) 4260: 4259:at its end; 4256: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4202: 4195:Yaakov Sapir 4193: 4190:Testimonials 4180: 4175: 4171: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4144: 4140:Orach Chayim 4138: 4130: 4126: 4109: 4099: 4087: 4085: 4068: 4061: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4040:Mishne Torah 4039: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4016:Joseph Colon 4007: 4003: 3993: 3986: 3985:in Tractate 3982: 3979:Rabbeinu Tam 3974: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3899: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3860: 3850: 3836: 3829: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3775: 3773: 3751: 3747: 3740:(Num. 16:35) 3731: 3715: 3711: 3709: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3670: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3590:בלעם בן בעור 3589: 3585:בלעם בן בעור 3584: 3580:בלעם בן בעור 3579: 3575:בלעם בן בעור 3574: 3569: 3565:בלעם בן בעור 3564: 3552: 3548:ובראשי חדשכם 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3528:ובראשי חדשכם 3527: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3378: 3374:Lev. 7:28–29 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3337:Lev. 7:22–23 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3267:אל עבר האפוד 3266: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3230:תיעשה המנורה 3229: 3216: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2889: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2870:Aleppo Codex 2856: 2838: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:, the verse 2602: 2596: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2536: 2524: 2521:Exodus 17:16 2516: 2514: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2479: 2475: 2452: 2448: 2435: 2431: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2351: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2273: 2257: 2255: 2242:Line no. 39 2234:Line no. 38 2215:Line no. 39 2207:Line no. 38 2188: 2180: 2176: 2164:indentations 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2075: 2071: 2063: 2048: 2040: 2025: 2014: 2010: 2003: 1989: 1969: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1922: 1911: 1903: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1798: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1736: 1732: 1717: 1713: 1705: 1690: 1686: 1678: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1636: 1628: 1627:כתנות עור וי 1613: 1605: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1562: 1542: 1532: 1522: 1512: 1502: 1492: 1482: 1472: 1462: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1419:, the final 1414: 1401: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1371: 1362: 1358: 1350: 1333: 1322: 1318: 1309: 1292: 1281: 1277: 1268: 1253: 1249: 1240: 1224: 1220: 1211: 1194: 1159: 1151: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1122: 1113: 1109: 1100: 1085: 1081: 1072: 1057: 1053: 1044: 1028: 1027:) of "qen" ( 1024: 1015: 1000: 996: 988: 972: 968: 960: 944: 940: 931: 914: 903: 899: 891: 875: 871: 862: 845: 834: 830: 825:לח ואת הנתק 821: 805: 801: 792: 775: 764: 760: 752: 735: 724: 720: 711: 695: 691: 682: 666: 636: 628: 626: 617: 607: 604: 592: 577: 563: 549: 542: 526: 519: 505: 498: 483: 469: 452: 437: 426: 419: 405: 398: 383: 369: 352: 338: 331: 317: 310: 295: 275:, Jerusalem. 273:Nahalat Ahim 268: 252: 248: 240: 226: 222: 216: 205: 199: 194: 190: 186: 182: 175: 153: 145: 141: 137: 133: 123: 120: 115: 110:Ben Naphtali 107: 102: 96: 80: 76: 72: 70: 62:Aleppo Codex 35: 27: 26: 10330:(doorposts) 10302:Sefer Torah 10286:Ktav Ashuri 10116:Amar, Zohar 9937:: 151–213. 9612:: 277–344. 9572:Yosef Qafih 9466:(in Hebrew) 9260:Yosef Qafih 9192:Yosef Qafih 9062:Yoreh De'ah 8754:-tree (Ar. 7341:Minḥat Shai 7219:generation. 7168:Minḥat Shai 6975:Yoreh De'ah 6887:Yoreh De'ah 6334:, frame 82v 6301:, frame 43v 6276:, frame 39v 6243:, frame 30r 5838:Yihye Saleh 5472:, ch. 8:4, 5047:Sefer Torah 5043:Yoreh De'ah 4908:Sefer Torah 4844:Sefer Tagin 4838:An ancient 4825:; see also 4807:orthography 4803:Minḥat Shai 4793:(author of 4785:(author of 4714:(without a 4702:(without a 4275:(Num.10:10) 4272:ḥodsheikhem 4253:(Gen. 9:28) 4242:(Gen. 7:11) 4233:, lacks a 4231:(Gen. 4:13) 4082:Torah cases 4036:Yosef Qafih 3916:qishr rumān 3845:If it were 3839:Amram Qorah 3760:(Num. 24:5) 3724:(Gen. 16:5) 3685:Composition 3570:בלעם בן בער 3292:אל עבר האפד 3287:אל עבר האפד 3282:אל עבר האפד 3277:אל עבר האפד 3272:אל עבר האפד 3255:תעשה המנורה 3250:תעשה המנורה 3245:תעשה המנורה 3240:תעשה המנורה 3235:תעשה המנורה 2894:Yosef Qafih 2753:Deut. 31:28 2593:Aqiba Eiger 2531:and in the 2302:Minḥat Shai 2026:Deuteronomy 2002:והוא לא תצל 1797:קצתי בחיי מ 1536:‎ in 1526:‎ in 1518:ואך את דמכם 1516:‎ in 1506:‎ in 1496:‎ in 1486:‎ in 1476:‎ in 1466:‎ in 1348:צור ילדך תש 1334:Deuteronomy 1164:Amram Qorah 915:Deuteronomy 578:Deuteronomy 543:בלעם בן בער 470:פרשת המקריב 453:פרשת כל חלב 420:אל עבר האפד 399:תעשה המנורה 244:Amram Qorah 195:Sefer Torah 125:Sefer Torah 93:orthography 81:Sefer Tagae 10408:Categories 10271:Duchsustus 9978:1057731121 9486:Maimonides 9458:Maimonides 9420:Kasher, M. 9303:Breuer, M. 9290:Philosophy 8778:(1989), p. 8738:, and the 8728:Maimonides 8522:inter alia 8450:inter alia 8385:Here, the 8299:inter alia 8121:Maimonides 8001:inter alia 7910:inter alia 7828:inter alia 7493:על דם רעיך 7443:Maimonides 7275:Breuer, M. 6871:Kasher, M. 6834:Kasher, M. 6798:Kasher, M. 6766:Kasher, M. 6683:Kasher, M. 6653:Kasher, M. 6620:Kasher, M. 6402:Kasher, M. 6200:Kasher, M. 5876:Kasher, M. 5821:Maimonides 4904:Maimonides 4858:Kasher, M. 4827:Breuer, M. 4762:References 4569:Halleliyya 4561:Hallelujah 4464:anno mundi 4398:Marseilles 4390:Maimonides 4366:anno mundi 4349:anno mundi 4300:anno mundi 4239:maʻayanoth 4203:Iben Sapir 4162:(Parashat 4076:Jewish law 4014:and Rabbi 3936:Gum Arabic 3894:crystals ( 3826:castor oil 3822:Gum arabic 3802:Maimonides 3681:Maimonides 3634:Deut. 23:2 3627:בריתי שלום 3622:בריתי שלום 3617:בריתי שלום 3612:בריתי שלום 3607:בריתי שלום 3602:בריתי של:ם 3597:Num. 25:12 3523:Num. 10:10 3412:Lev. 19:16 3262:Exo. 28:26 3225:Exo. 25:31 3183:Exo. 20:14 3146:Exo. 17:16 3072:Gen. 41:45 2858:Maimonides 2749:Exo. 14:28 2505:different 2457:different 2270:Marseilles 2070:The "pe" ( 2066:רעות אויב 2043:נכרי תשיך 1941:רים הוא לכ 1848:The "pe" ( 1774:ו מן הארץ 1508:ויכלא הגשם 1433:Gen. 11:32 1168:kabbalists 1146:in Exodus 564:בריתי שלום 89:Maimonides 10338:(amulets) 10336:Tefillin 10295:Documents 10263:Ktav Stam 10057:951801067 10040:924293889 10016:cite book 9997:233101579 9927:Sapir, Y. 9919:192076334 9907:Sapir, J. 9893:cite book 9885:122773689 9875:(1979b). 9873:Saleh, Y. 9859:cite book 9851:122773689 9841:(1979a). 9839:Saleh, Y. 9825:cite book 9749:cite book 9718:cite book 9710:233096108 9698:Qorah, A. 9678:Qafih, Y. 9657:Qafih, Y. 9584:cite book 9544:cite book 9522:233177823 9494:responsum 9450:862568143 9413:responsum 9407:233235313 9387:173752358 9370:873519965 9349:609226613 9319:246075750 9268:970925649 9238:cite book 9230:992702131 9149:Sapir, J. 9096:Qafih, Y. 9042:301–303; 9023:responsum 9019:responsum 8955:responsum 8951:Saleh, Y. 8937:Qafih, Y. 8925:responsum 8872:Sanhedrin 8850:Qafih, Y. 8801:Qorah, A. 8776:Qafih, Y. 8705:responsum 8693:Palestine 8631:249274973 8552:# 91 (pp. 8550:responsum 8510:Sapir, Y. 8438:Sapir, Y. 8287:Sapir, Y. 8117:Kol Ḥelev 8099:'s work, 8093:responsum 8089:Saleh, Y. 7989:Sapir, Y. 7898:Sapir, Y. 7816:Sapir, Y. 7756:Potiphera 7663:Based on 7507:(p. 251). 7501:responsum 7357:בי"ה שמ"ו 7339:, in his 7229:Sapir, Y. 6978:responsum 6959:responsum 6412:, end of 6377:Qorah, A. 6174:Qorah, A. 5982:Qorah, A. 5834:Qorah, A. 5728:Sapir, Y. 5713:, with a 5641:), Rabbi 5637:(i.e. in 5601:ha-maqrīv 5457:Qafih, Y. 5402:Qorah, A. 5313:Sapir, Y. 5309:Qorah, A. 5281:Qorah, A. 5175:Qorah, A. 5100:Sapir, Y. 5096:Qorah, A. 5075:Qorah, A. 5059:Qafih, Y. 5049:§ 271:3). 4925:Qafih, Y. 4852:, top of 4840:Tannaitic 4789:), Rabbi 4478:Original: 4452:defective 4428:the Meiri 4337:Halleujah 4318:defective 4306:the Meiri 4218:defective 4159:She'iltot 4048:baal qoré 3948:cane reed 3859:(Arabic: 3560:Num. 22:5 3486:Num. 1:17 3379:פר' פתוחה 3304:פר' פתוחה 3299:Exo. 34:1 3217:פר' סתומה 3206:פר' סתומה 3200:פר' סתומה 3194:פר' סתומה 3188:פר' סתומה 3109:Exo. 1:19 3035:Gen. 9:29 2998:Gen. 7:11 2961:Gen. 4:13 2908:) with a 2655:בי"ה שמ"ו 2651:mnemonics 2480:את מי הים 2288:את מי הים 1923:Leviticus 1836:שם יוסף צ 1565:(בראשית) 1293:Leviticus 1197:(בראשית) 1158:, in his 776:Leviticus 669:(בראשית) 438:Leviticus 298:(בראשית) 258:Ben-Asher 225:(Arabic: 179:mnemonics 54:Masoretic 50:Sephardic 46:Ashkenazi 10370:(serifs) 10328:Mezuzot 10312:Ketubot 10101:23773577 10079:23773577 9943:24359260 9909:(1866). 9815:(2000). 9803:(1992). 9791:(1989). 9775:citation 9741:62528741 9690:61623627 9671:19158717 9649:41651578 9570:(1983). 9532:(1881). 9502:78411726 9496:# 153). 9472:citation 9305:(1976). 9278:(n.d.). 9254:(1983). 9210:(2017). 9208:Amar, Z. 9200:40260458 9175:(eds.). 9116:Amar, Z. 9092:Amar, Z. 9015:Tashbetz 8999:Menahoth 8995:Tashbetz 8946:Menahoth 8939:(1985), 8830:‎) 8741:Sheëltot 8736:Hai Gaon 8687:1:5 and 8615:(n.d.). 8556:134–135) 8548:(1937), 8101:Or Torah 7832:פוטי פרע 7773:Vayigash 7696:Maharitz 7556:Or. 4445 7052:Or. 2349 7048:Ha'azinu 7044:Or. 2350 7036:Amar, Z. 7024:Ha'azinu 6955:Saleh Y. 6943:Or. 2350 6721:Or. 2350 6708:Or. 2350 6677:(1993); 6651:(1993); 6628:Or. 2349 6618:(1993); 6602:Or. 2350 6535:Or. 2350 6514:Or. 2350 6490:Or. 2350 6469:Or. 2350 6436:Or. 2350 6363:); see: 6357:יוד זעיר 6330:); see: 6324:אלף זעיר 6272:); see: 5625:and the 5544:(1881), 5297:פוטי פרע 4961:Or. 2350 4811:Yemenite 4795:Or Torah 4745:See also 4411:Ha'azinu 4370:ha-Qimḥi 4362:Yuchasin 4344:Yuchasin 4244:lacks a 4181:Megillah 4165:Nitzavim 4131:Megillah 4127:Megillah 4100:rimmonim 3988:Menaḥoth 3876:Tefillin 3865:turmeric 3861:mibshara 3777:tefillin 3758:‎ 3738:‎ 3722:‎ 3664:פצוע דכא 3659:פצוע דכא 3654:פצוע דכא 3644:פצוע דכא 3639:פצוע דכה 3479:יובל היא 3474:יובל הוא 3469:יובל הוא 3464:יובל הוא 3459:יובל הוא 3454:יובל הוא 3385:אין פרשה 3342:אין פרשה 3102:פוטי פרע 3087:פוטי פרע 3077:פוטי פרע 2906:יובל היא 2898:Yemenite 2868:and the 2745:אעידה בם 2715:מר ושמעת 2499:(space) 2495:(space) 2478:(space) 2464:Line 30 2451:(space) 2434:(space) 2420:Line 29 2407:(space) 2403:(space) 2386:(space) 2382:(space) 2368:Line 28 2284:שירת הים 2181:Ha'azinu 2111:Ha'azinu 2088:Ha'azinu 2028:(דברים) 1972:(במדבר) 1925:(ויקרא) 1871:אסנת בת 1801:ני בנות 1708:יך מידך 1704:את דמי א 1552:Content 1528:דמו ישפך 1498:להט החרב 1390:על מוקדה 1378:Sepharad 1374:Ashkenaz 1336:(דברים) 1295:(ויקרא) 1184:Content 1129:Sepharad 1125:Ashkenaz 917:(דברים) 848:(במדבר) 778:(ויקרא) 656:Content 608:ḥūmashin 593:פצוע דכא 580:(דברים) 486:(במדבר) 440:(ויקרא) 285:Content 201:Ha'azinu 191:Ha'azinu 64:and the 10344:Tiqqun 10320:Gittin 10224:soferim 10220:scribes 10218:Jewish 9600:Sefunot 9574:(ed.). 9104:Menaḥot 9067:Addenda 8907:, s.v. 8905:Tosafot 8899:Menaḥot 8828:קנקנתום 8826:, s.v. 8824:Tosefot 8682:Mishnah 8619:(ed.). 7777:פוטיפרע 7760:פוטיפרע 7665:Cassuto 7594:Sassoon 7490:לא תעמד 7349:halacha 6581:Or 2350 6560:Or 2350 6359:(small 6355:saying 6326:(small 6268:(small 6266:כף זעיר 6264:saying 6239:; see: 6083:; see: 5285:פוטיפרע 5251:; see: 4906:, Hil. 4623:596 CE. 4557:Hilleli 4382:Sherira 4261:teʻaseh 4228:minnaso 4224:letters 4146:Haftara 4124:Mishnah 4116:Aramaic 4096:finials 3912:al-ḥura 3869:saffron 3784:-tree ( 3756:מה טובו 3736:ואת בנו 3720:ישפט ה' 3381:המקריב 3306:פסל לך 3097:פוטיפרע 3092:פוטיפרע 3082:פוטיפרע 2937:Source 2926:masorah 2875:Ki Tisa 2789:masorah 2635:פילגשים 2597:Shabbat 2549:of the 2537:masorah 2315:Masorah 2148:להכעיסו 1970:Numbers 1957:and in 1889:פוטיפרע 1856:and in 1664:וישלחהו 1581:נך תלך 1563:Genesis 1555:Change 1549:Verses 1488:וישלחהו 1195:Genesis 1187:Change 1181:Verses 1019:ן צפור 846:Numbers 738:(שמות) 667:Genesis 659:Change 653:Verses 484:Numbers 465:7:28–29 448:7:22–23 386:(שמות) 370:פוטיפרע 296:Genesis 288:Change 282:Verses 87:and by 42:scribal 10368:Tagin 10151: 10099: 10077: 10055: 10038: 9995: 9976: 9968: 9958: 9941: 9917: 9883: 9849: 9739: 9708: 9688: 9669: 9647: 9637: 9616: 9520: 9500: 9448: 9405: 9385: 9368: 9347: 9337: 9317: 9266: 9228: 9218: 9198: 9040: 8909:דחטריה 8863: 8819:Eruvin 8780: 8730:, and 8726:, and 8697:qaradh 8661:qaradh 8629: 8554: 6770:et al. 6687:et al. 6657:et al. 6624:et al. 6254:ולבכתה 5895:7:8–9) 5707:חדשיכם 5335:. The 5122:. The 5045:(Hil. 4876:(1956) 4632:Rabbi 4584:Rabbi 4496:Notes: 4460:France 4442:(i.e. 4432:Toledo 4417:per se 4358:Biblia 4333:Burgos 4320:, and 4098:(Heb. 4057:etnaḥa 3904:Arabic 3849:(Heb. 3818:كثيراء 3814:Arabic 3806:sizing 3798:garadh 3689:Ahavah 2890:המקריב 2880:פסל לך 2864:, the 2847:Josiah 2835:Hebrew 2805:Hebrew 2779:derash 2771:derosh 2569:, and 2280:Hebrew 2169:Turkey 2140:באחרית 2116:ואעידה 1735:יים בא 1478:וילבשם 1254:ולבכתה 1225:בהבראם 1058:וישלכם 835:והתגלח 736:Exodus 696:בראשית 686:ראשית 384:Exodus 242:Rabbi 231:sinews 215:(Heb. 172:Layout 10449:Torah 10276:Gevil 9966:JSTOR 9939:JSTOR 9614:JSTOR 9530:Meiri 9510:Meiri 8993:(the 8963:Meiri 8927:# 596 8822:13a, 8764:qarāḍ 8760:salam 8756:qarat 8752:salam 8689:Demai 8678:sumac 8665:kalaf 8657:kalaf 8637:lamed 8577:gimel 8530:aleph 8514:plene 8442:plene 8291:plene 7993:plene 7902:plene 7820:plene 7714:, of 7712:ויהיו 7590:circa 7547:Kahle 7518:plene 7433:52b). 7419:Rashi 7373:Meiri 7302:Meiri 7064:Meiri 6980:# 234 6899:12:9. 6855:lamed 6804:' 6782:aleph 6539:lamed 6527:lamed 6506:lamed 6482:lamed 6328:aleph 6316:aleph 6312:ויקרא 6158:aleph 6123:lamed 6030:gimel 5965:Era). 5860:plene 5805:aleph 5793:plene 5732:plene 5699:plene 5671:plene 5647:plene 5631:בשמות 5549:, # 7 5542:Meiri 5431:plene 5425:, in 5358:plene 5347:, in 5317:plene 5265:ויהיו 5257:plene 5233:ויהיו 5212:מעינת 5204:plene 5198:, in 5192:מעינת 5134:, in 5104:plene 5063:כסלים 4967:(the 4874:Meiri 4815:plene 4775:plene 4720:מעינת 4634:Qimḥi 4621:circa 4472:supra 4456:plene 4440:Ramah 4423:.' " 4394:Ramah 4342:The 4329:Ramah 4322:plene 4222:plene 4199:Yemen 4063:zarqa 4052:segol 3966:Tagim 3952:quill 3944:shiba 3932:ṣameġ 3920:ʿafaṣ 3884:ğawīl 3880:q'laf 3852:ğawīl 3820:) or 3794:qaraḍ 3782:salam 2823:ʾalef 2819:ישראל 2814:lamed 2670:ראשית 2605:Rashi 2575:אש דת 2567:בא גד 2542:plene 2517:כס יה 2484:same 2440:same 2413:same 2392:same 2223:Lines 2196:Lines 2120:ידעתי 2076:פרעות 2074:) in 2062:מראש 2058:32:42 2036:23:21 2013:) in 1998:14:41 1980:10:35 1955:כפרים 1953:) in 1937:יום כ 1933:23:28 1898:42:12 1887:) in 1867:41:45 1852:) in 1832:41:45 1821:) of 1813:) in 1793:27:46 1784:וימחו 1782:) in 1757:באפיו 1755:) in 1747:) in 1716:) in 1689:) in 1662:) in 1589:) in 1427:) in 1417:Rashi 1402:פינחס 1388:) of 1344:32:18 1323:ויקרא 1263:27:46 1215:בראם 1139:) of 1114:אשריך 1095:33:29 1038:29:27 982:11:21 904:משפטן 860:ועתה 856:14:17 815:13:33 786:11:42 746:34:14 559:25:12 515:10:10 415:28:26 394:25:31 365:41:45 269:gevil 249:plene 227:qarāḍ 218:ğawīl 183:infra 146:tījān 142:tījān 134:plene 98:plene 77:lamed 37:Torah 34:(the 10281:Klaf 10149:ISBN 10097:OCLC 10075:OCLC 10053:OCLC 10036:OCLC 10022:link 9993:OCLC 9974:OCLC 9956:ISBN 9915:OCLC 9899:link 9881:OCLC 9865:link 9847:OCLC 9831:link 9781:link 9755:link 9737:OCLC 9724:link 9706:OCLC 9686:OCLC 9667:OCLC 9645:OCLC 9635:ISBN 9590:link 9550:link 9518:OCLC 9498:OCLC 9478:link 9446:OCLC 9403:OCLC 9383:OCLC 9366:OCLC 9345:OCLC 9335:ISBN 9315:OCLC 9264:OCLC 9244:link 9226:OCLC 9216:ISBN 9196:OCLC 9137:Amar 9055:Cf. 8875:106a 8812:Cf. 8685:Peah 8627:OCLC 8516:and 8454:שלום 8444:and 8303:בשמת 8293:and 8087:Cf. 8005:תעשה 7995:and 7914:כסיה 7904:and 7822:and 7704:Noah 7694:Cf. 7520:and 7453:8:4) 7431:Yoma 7379:9:2. 7317:See 7018:See 6594:kaph 6573:kaph 6525:The 6295:קצתי 6287:קצתי 6270:kaph 6258:kaph 6097:Amar 6081:ṣadi 6077:ṣadi 6004:resh 5862:and 5795:and 5748:שלום 5734:and 5726:Cf. 5701:and 5679:בשמת 5673:and 5655:בשמת 5649:and 5524:; 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