Knowledge (XXG)

Nahal Oz attack
Part of the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel
A blood-stained home floor in the aftermath of the attack
Date 7 October 2023 Location Nahal Oz, Southern District, Israel 31°28′21″N 34°29′50″E / 31.47250°N 34.49722°E / 31.47250; 34.49722 Result Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad victory.
Belligerents
Hamas  Palestinian Islamic Jihad	Israel
Commanders and leaders
Wissam Farhat	Shilo Har-Even †
Units involved
Shujaiya Battalion  Al-Quds Brigades	Israeli Defence Forces
Strength
20-100+ fighters	100+ soldiers
Casualties and losses
Unknown	66 soldiers killed 6 soldiers missing 6+ soldiers captured 15 civilian fatalities 8 hostages in Gaza strip

The Nahal Oz attack was an assault on the kibbutz of Nahal Oz and the adjacent military base near the northern Gaza Strip on the morning of 7 October 2023 as part of a 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel. In the attack, more than 60 Israeli soldiers and fifteen civillians were killed. Some soldiers and eight civillians were kidnapped and taken to the Gaza Strip. The IDF claims that several dead bodies were also taken to the Gaza Strip after being killed at the base or kibbutz.

Nahal Oz is a kibbutz situated in southern Israel, in the northwestern part of the Negev desert near the Gaza border. As of 2021, it had a population of 471 residents. Founded in 1951, it was the first Nahal settlement in the country. By 1953, it transitioned into a civilian community. A significant event in its history occurred in 1956 when the kibbutz's security officer, Ro'i Rothberg, was killed by infiltrators from Gaza. His funeral witnessed a powerful eulogy by Moshe Dayan, then Chief of Staff, which emphasized the challenges faced by Israel and the constant threat from its neighbors.

Following the 2006 Lebanon War, a eulogy by novelist David Grossman for his son drew comparisons to Dayan's earlier eulogy. In 2014, a young resident, Daniel Tregerman, was killed by mortar fire from Gaza.

Under international law, non-state-actors are not prohibited from attacking military targets belonging to state actors; "terrorist" attacks on military and military attacks on "terrorists" targets are equally permissible under international law. However, attack on the Kibbutz was illegal under international law, as is any attack on civilian homes by any party to a conflict.

At the Nahal Oz base Hamas' Al-Qassam Brigades were joined by Palestinian Islamic Jihad's Saraya Al-Quds, a more extreme group, who allegedly have closer ties to Iran.

According to initial investigations, 40–50 militants infiltrated through the fence system and ran towards the military base near Nahal Oz.

The militants engaged in a brief battle with the guards at the gate, killed them and went inside, and soon destroyed a large part of the post and equipment within it. The soldiers at the post were surprised, and most of them were killed. In the war room, staff officers and observers entrenched themselves and tried to communicate with the forces and direct combat helicopters to the militant squads. A battalion commander and two platoon commanders exchanged fire with the militants outside the war room. This effort continued until the militants threw explosives inside and many were killed.

At the time of the attack, 27 soldiers of Unit 414 of the Combat Intelligence Collection Corps were on duty at this base and were killed or captured by Hamas. All Unit 414 soldiers at Nahal Oz were female. Their duty was to conduct reconnaissance on the border with Gaza as well as to operate the remote-controlled gun turrets stationed on the Iron Wall. Most soldiers at Nahal Oz were not provided a handgun or rifle to defend themselves, despite their military outpost being less than a kilometer from Gaza. When Hamas attacked, the base only had a few combat soldiers stationed there. These soldiers were easily defeated. The unarmed Unit 414 soldiers hid in a bomb shelter and almost all of them were killed or captured. According to the Israel Defense Forces twenty Unit 414 soldiers were killed in action at the Nahal Oz base and six were reported missing.

The attackers used a flammable substance, which also released toxic gases that caused suffocation within minutes. As of 13 December 2023, the IDF investigation could not yet pinpoint the exact type of chemicals used. Of the 22 troups taking shelter in the building housing the surveillance soldiers' command center, only seven managed to exit through a small bathroom window and survive the fumes.

Parents of the 18 and 19-year-old girls from the unarmed surveillance unit felt that their daughters had been abandoned by the armed officers.

“In the end, the ones who managed to escape the Emergency Operation Center were officers who left the girls behind. Since when do officers run away first? These are female soldiers without combat training and without weapons, and they ran away first and abandoned them. They were burned to death and it needs to be said.” - statement from The parents of Sgt. Roni Eshel, 19, an observation soldier who was killed on 7 October 2023.

The 13th Battalion of the elite Golani Brigade suffered 41 killed, which was more fatalities than it suffered in the Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War combined. The battalion headquarters were at the military base at Nahal Oz, but many Golani soldiers were spread out across the Iron Wall and were not defending the base initially. The surveillance buildings at Nahal Oz and their computer equipment were destroyed within the first hour of the invasion.

In parallel to the events at the Nahal Oz post, at least 20 and as many as 100 of the militants who carried out the surprise attack infiltrated Kibbutz Nahal Oz near northern Gaza Strip. The militants broke into homes, kidnapped some kibbutz residents, and killed 15 others. The kibbutz's security team responded and battled the militants for hours. The kibbutz security coordinator, Ilan Fiorentino, was killed in the fighting. In addition, a unit of Israel Border Police officers who had been posted to the area a week before arrived in the kibbutz and took part in the fighting. One of the Border Police officers on the scene, Yaakov Krasniansky, was killed while battling numerous militants; his body was found together with the bodies of five militants. Several other Border Police officers were wounded.

At around 11:30am, approximately 100 Israeli soldiers from the Givati Brigade, originally destined for Sderot, diverted to Nahal Oz and arrived at the kibbutz. The fighting continued until IDF reinforcements arrived and cleared the kibbutz and nearby army outpost of militants. In the kibbutz, troops went door to door, killing militants. As the kibbutz was cleared, civilians emerged from the safe rooms in their homes where they had been hiding. After regaining control of the kibbutz, the IDF continued to engage isolated attempts by militants to enter the kibbutz via motorcycles and vehicles. The extensive resistance likely prevented the massacre from reaching the scale of massacres that occurred in Nir Oz and Kfar Aza.

Among the victims were Israel Hayom photographer Yaniv Zohar and most of his family, Additionally Eden Nimri, an Israeli international-level swimmer. Initially 12 civillians were reported killed, and 20 missing. Later reports confirmed that fifteen civillians from Nahal Oz were killed, including a student from Tanzania, whos body was taken hostage. In total eight hostages were taken from Nahal Oz to the Gaza Strip.

Residents of the Nahal Oz community were allowed to return to their homes, under various restrictions, only in April 2024.

• List of massacres during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
• Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2023
• Outline of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
• Palestinian terrorism
• Moshe Dayan's eulogy for Ro'i Rothberg
• Kidnapping of Naama Levy
• Rescue of Ori Megidish
• 2014 Nahal Oz attack, a Hamas attack against the Nahal Oz military outpost during the 2014 Gaza War

• Attacks in the Israel–Hamas war
• Terrorist attacks attributed to Palestinian militant groups
• 21st-century mass murder in Israel
• 2023 mass shootings in Asia
• Mass shootings in Israel
• October 2023 events in Israel
• Mass kidnappings in the 2020s
• Massacres in Israel during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
• Battles during the Israel–Hamas war
• 2023 Hamas attack on Israel
• Attacks on buildings and structures in Israel
• Attacks on military installations in 2023