(Redirected from Nepenthes echinosporus)
Plant species
This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes 179 recognised extant species, 2 incompletely diagnosed taxa, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible extinct species are also covered.
The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List. Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009. Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.
All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.
Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index. Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.
Extant species
Incompletely diagnosed taxa
The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.
| Taxon | Image | Distribution | Altitudinal distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nepenthes sp. Anipahan | Philippines (Palawan) | 1200β1400 m | |
| Nepenthes sp. Misool |  |
Raja Ampat Islands (Misool) | 0β30 m |
Nothospecies
Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as natural hybrids rather than as species. Of the three, N. Γ kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species. These populations are reportedly true breeding. Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. Γ kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.
| Nothospecies | Parent species | Authority | Year | Image | Distribution | Altitudinal distribution | IUCN conservation status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nepenthes Γ hookeriana | N. ampullaria Γ N. rafflesiana | Hort.Veitch ex Mast. | 1881 |  |
Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra | 0β450 m | Least Concern |
| Nepenthes Γ kinabaluensis | N. rajah Γ N. villosa | Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata | 1984 |  |
Borneo | 2420β3030 m | Endangered |
| Nepenthes Γ trichocarpa | N. ampullaria Γ N. gracilis | Miq. | 1858 |  |
Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand | 0β800 m | Least Concern |
Extinct species
Fossil pollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors. The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.
| Species | Authority | Year | Location | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nepenthes echinatus | (Hunger) Krutzsch | 1985 | Europe | Palaeocene |
| Nepenthes echinosporus | (R.PotoniΓ©) Krutzsch | 1985 | Europe | Palaeocene |
| Nepenthes major | (Krutzsch) Krutzsch | 1985 | Europe | Palaeocene |
Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.
Pollen from the Kerguelen Islands originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.
See also
Notes
- ^ Under the narrow circumscription of Cheek & Jebb (2013), N. alata is restricted to northern Luzon, with the more southerly plants previously referred to this species actually representing N. graciliflora, N. negros, and N. ramos. This N. alata sensu stricto has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m and above.
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1200 m for N. albomarginata.
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from Mount Periok in Brunei at c. 1600 m.
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780β1880 m for N. boschiana, while Clarke (1997) gives a range of 900β1880 m.
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae, while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100β2300 m.
- Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata. The species has reportedly been collected from Bukit Raya at 2000β2270 m.
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150β1500 m for N. hirsuta, while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii, while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900β3400 m.
- The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources is apparently incorrect.
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.
- The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos) has been recorded at c. 1400 m.
- Rybka, RybkovΓ‘ & Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200β1800 m for N. sibuyanensis, while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500β1800 m.
- Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding N. stenophylla at 400 m.
- Nepenthes surigaoensis may grow as high as 1750 m ("5750 feet" in the original) according to the describing author, Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer.
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.
- The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on Google Earth for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.
- Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300β3240 m, but is more common at 1600β1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.
References
- IUCN 2013. Nepenthes. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. IUCN.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- Author Query. International Plant Names Index.
- ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Identification and typification of Nepenthes blancoi, with N. abalata sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(2): 151β156. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00012.x
- ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Phytotaxa 151(1): 25β34. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2
- ^ Gronemeyer, T., W. Suarez, H. Nuytemans, M. Calaramo, A. Wistuba, F.S. Mey & V.B. Amoroso 2016. Two new Nepenthes species from the Philippines and an emended description of Nepenthes ramos. Plants 5(2): 23. doi:10.3390/plants5020023
- ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616β622. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x
- ^ Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes. Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13β25.
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