595:). They lived between the Chubut river and Río Negro and Río Limay. Those who lived in the center or east of the Chubut and Río Negro provinces called themselves "Günün a künna" or "Gününa këna" (the excellent people). Those who lived in the foothill region north of the Chubut river and west of the Río Negro were called "Chüwach a künna" or "Chëwach a këna" ("People on the edge of the mountains). The common language to both groups was "Gününa iájech". Although culturally similar to the southern Tehuelche people, they differed from them because they were Pampian without mixing with Fuegians.
893:, created from about 13,000 to 9,000 years ago up until around 700 A.D. Six thousand years ago the Toldense industry emerged, consisting primarily of goods such as two-sided sub-triangular projectile points, lateral and terminal scrapers, bifacial knives and tools made from bone. Later, between 7000 and 4000 B.C., the Casapedrense industry appeared, characterized by a greater proportion of stone tools made in sheets, which was most likely a demonstration of a specialization in guanaco hunting, which is also present in the subsequent cultural developments of the Tehuelche people.
532:
421:"Guénena-kéne": the group he considered the northern component of the Tehuelche complex. It is evident that the group, historically, lived primarily along the main rivers of North Patagonia and extended through the northern territories of Chubut, up to Río Negro, constantly entering in to the south of the present Buenos Aires Province and the southeastern region of La Pampa Province. The name Guénena-kéne was provided to Escalada in 1945 by Chief Ciriaco Chaquilla from the Chubut Panyanieyo area, who identified himself as a member of the "Pampa Verdadero". He spoke the
383:(The Indigenous Cultures of the Pampas and the Indigenous Cultures of Patagonia) in which he proposed that between the 16th and 19th centuries the "Gününa-küne" or "Tuelches" lived from the southern half of the province of Rio Negro to the boundary between the present Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces. The "Serranos" were to the North of them and the "Aônükün'k" or "Patagones" were located to the South. These peoples were divided between three groups: the "Peénken" (people of the North), the "Háunikenk" (people of the South), and the "Aónikenk" (the people of the West).
1142:
288:
Among these circumstances, the extinction of some of these groups, coupled with the vast amount of land on which these groups were distributed, which inhibited
Spanish explorers who first identified certain Tehuelche peoples from making contact with all the groups. In other cases, the seasonal migrations that they practiced which involved traveling long distances made Europeans that observed them overestimate the number of people from a group or the distribution range of a language. In conjunction with all of these factors, the intrusion of the
876:
1387:
718:
1033:
632:
425:, which was used by the Guénena-kéne people. Escalada's classification of the Guénena-kéne people coincided with other individuals who encountered the same group such as: Guillermo Cox, a British traveler who traveled through the south of Neuquén in 1863 and referred to the group as the "Northern Tehuelche people"; Juan Federico Hunziker, a Swiss missionary who was in Patagonia in 1864 and referred to the Guénena-kéne as the "Genacin";
186:
993:. The movements of people to participate in the exchanging of products generated certain cultural exchanges between different groups living anywhere from the humid Pampas, the northern Patagonia, the immediate area near the Andes (both on its western and eastern edges), to the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This was the start of cultural exchanges and migratory movements, between distinct groups such as the Tehuelche,
273:
82:
178:
1420:(INAI), or National Institute for Indigenous Affairs, began recognizing the legal status of indigenous communities in Argentina through registration in the National Registry of Indigenous Communities (Renaci). Among these were 2 Tehuelche communities in the Santa Cruz Province and 4 Mapuche-Tehuelche communities in the Chubut, Río Negro, Buenos Aires and Santa Cruz Provinces:
43:
949:
around 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) would have been shorter than the
Patagonian men whose height reportedly averaged above 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) by some accounts and around 183 centimetres (6 ft) by other accounts. Thus the Europeans may have considered them to be "Patones" ('large footed') or the Patagonians may have reminded the explorers of the giant
1097:
914:
368:
known to the
Spaniards by the name of Serranos, or Mountaineers. They are split into a great many subdivisions, as the Leuvuches, or People of the River, and Calille-Het, or People of the Mountains; amongst whom are the Chulilau-cunnees, Sehuau-cunnees, and Yacana-cunnees. All these, except those of the River, are called by the Moluches, Vucha-Huilliches.
217:. Several specialists, missionaries and travelers have proposed grouping them together on account of the similarities in their cultural traits, geographic vicinity and languages, even though the languages they spoke amongst themselves were not related to each other and their geographic distributions were extensive.
1350:
The 2010 National
Population Census in Argentina revealed the existence of 27,813 people who considered themselves Tehuelche throughout the country, 7924 in the Chubut Province, 4570 in the interior of the Buenos Aires Province, 2615 in the Santa Cruz Province, 2269 in the Río Negro Province, 1702 in
1338:
The "Complementary Survey of
Indigenous peoples" (ECPI) 2004–2005, supplementary to the "2001 National Census of Population, Household and Housing," resulted in the recognition of 4351 people descended from the first generation of Tehuelche people in the Chubut and Santa Cruz Provinces. Another 1664
1040:
In this process there were also inter-ethnic struggles and by 1820 heavy combat erupted between the
Patagones and Pehuenches on the banks of the Senguerr River; other combat occurred at Barrancas Blancas and Shótel Káike. By 1828, the Pincheira Royalist army attacked the Tehuelche group in the Bahía
948:
Prior to meeting the
Tehuelche groups in person, the explorers had been amazed by the size of their footprints. Enlarged by the animal furs they used as footwear, their feet appeared much larger than those of the Europeans at the time. During the 16th century, the average male height of Europeans at
692:
In central
Patagonia there was also an ancient transition language between the Penkkenk and the Aonekkenk languages, called Tehuesh (Tewsün, Téushenkenk or Teushen), which was gradually replaced by the Aonekkenk language. However, a large portion of the current names of places in the central plateau
287:
The classification of indigenous groups that lived in the Pampas and
Patagonia is confusing due to the different terms that were used to refer to the native population groups from these regions. There are various causes that have prevented the establishment of one unique and complete classification.
1112:
The adoption of the horse meant an extensive social change in
Tehuelche culture: the new mobility altered their ancestral territories and greatly affected their movement patterns. Before the 17th century east–west movements prevailed in pursuit of guanacos; however, as of the dawn of the equestrian
651:
The language of the Aonekkenk people appears more closely related to the language of the Teushen people (central eastern Chonan). These languages in turn maintain a closer relationship with the languages from Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (southern Chonan) and a more distant relationship with the
358:
The Puelches, or Eastern Peoples ... They bear different denominations, according to the situation of their respective countries, of because they were originally of different nations. Those toward the north are called Taluhets; to the west and south of these are the Diuihets; to the south east, the
209:
people, and many adopted a horseriding lifestyle. Once a nomadic people, the lands of the Tehuelche were colonized in the 19th century by Argentina and Chile, gradually disrupting their traditional economies. The establishment of large sheep farming estates in Patagonia was particularly detrimental
1133:
buds, etc.) and apples with the Gennakenk people of Neuquén, the upper valley of Río Negro and the so-called 'country of Strawberries', or Chulilaw (the region approximately bounded to the north by Lake Nahuel Huapi, to the east by the low mountains and morraines called Patagónides, to the west by
367:
The Tehuelhets, who in Europe are known by the name of Patagons, have been, through ignorance of their idiom, called Tehuelchus; for chu signifies country of abode, and not people; which is expressed by the word het, and, more to the south, by the word kunnee or kunny. These and the Chechehets are
1013:
peoples adopted many of the Mapuche customs and their language, while the Mapuches adopted parts of the Tehuelche way of life (such as living in tolderías) and thereby, the differences between the two groups were blurred to the point that their descendants refer to themselves as Mapuche-Tehuelche
845:
As in the case of other ethnic groups that did not develop a state structure, the Tehuelche did not possess an organized religious system (liturgy and vertical structure). However, like all the Pampas and Patagonian peoples, they had a corpus of beliefs based on their own myths and rituals, which
832:
Each Tehuelche group was composed of various kinship and they had specific territories for hunting and gathering. The boundaries of these territories were defined through ancestry by markers with unknown significance: a hill, a trough, a hollow, or important tree. In cases where a group could not
725:
In 1864, Hunziker recorded a vocabulary and a collection of phrases from a language called Genakenn in the Viedma region. In 1865, the explorer Jorge Claraz traveled from south of Buenos Aires to Chubut being guided by individuals who spoke Gününa iajëch, collecting the names of places, words and
1092:
meat, in addition to certain plants (although late, they learned how to cultivate the land). As for fish and shellfish, there were certain cases where their consumption was banned: for example, some groups had prohibited the consumption of fish. Their groups used to consist of between 50 and 100
857:
versions of the creation myth is one in which the deity, known as Kóoch, brought order to the world's chaos, creating distinct elements. Similarly, the Selk'nam people from Tierra del Fuego in Argentina, narrated a similar myth where the world creator, a deity known as Kénos' (a variant of Kóoch
429:
who in 1876 called them the "Gennaken"; and Tomás Harrington, a rural teacher who went through Chubut between 1911 and 1935 and compiled a vocabulary which he published in 1946 stating that the indigenous peoples who informed him about their almost dead language referred to themselves as "Gününa
1157:
arrived in the Tehuelche lands of the lower Chubut Valley in 1865. Relations were mostly amicable and have been described as mutual feelings of "trust and admiration". Paternalistic attitudes toward the Tehuelche were common among the Welsh. There was a widespread critical view of the Argentine
1063:
Little information is known about Tehuelche culture before the use of the horse, although their socioeconomic organization resembled that of the Ona people from Tierra del Fuego. The introduction of the horse by the Spaniards, which they became acquainted with as of 1570, transformed the social
708:
or Tshoneka or Aonekkenk, which constitutes the language currently most studied from the group and the only language that continues to be used. There is a group of people who try to recover the language through a program called "Kkomshkn e wine awkkoi 'a'ien" ("I am not ashamed of speaking
836:
The Tehuelche had a very organized family unit, in which men were the authoritative figures and women were subordinate. In most family contexts, the father would offer his daughter for marriage in exchange for various goods. Each man could have two or three wives, depending on his status.
642:
The different ethnic groups that are recognized under the broad term "Tehuelche" spoke languages whose exact quantity and relationships have been subject to different opinions. For Roberto Lehmann Nitsche, the languages stemming from the Pampas and Patagonia divided in to two groups, the
1275:
According to the unfinished "National Indigenous Census" (1966–1968), there were only a few Tehuelche descendants that spoke the Tehuelche language. The population of Tehuelche descent that has remained the most attached to their culture is located in the central plateau of the
584:"Northern Southern Tehuelche people" or "Mech'arn": Their epicenter was in the Chico and Chalía river areas in Santa Cruz. Their language was "Téwsün". Casamiquela says they were similar to the southerners and they were absorbed by their southern neighborhoods and the Mapuches.
251:
agreed with in 1552. Based on these accounts, the first name the Spanish used to refer to the Tehuelche people was the Patagones. However, some researchers speculate, without verifiable bases, that Magellan could have been inspired by the dog-headed monster from the 1512 novel
858:
through a common root). According to this, a certain El Lal was sent. Also, within Tehuelche myth, through the god Temauckel, Erral created humans and taught them how to use bows and arrows. The Tehuelche culture embraced the presence of evil spirits called guarichos.
490:. Escalada was the first to suggest they were a separate component, since researchers who identified them before him positioned them as a southern faction of the Northern Tehuelche people: the "Southern Northern Tehuelche people", who Harrington called "Chulila küne" (
1064:
organization of Tehuelche people: the introduction caused groups to develop dependencies on horses in their daily lives. Like the indigenous groups in the North American Great Plains, the Tehuelche also worked the thicket steppes of Patagonia, living mainly off of
647:
and the Het languages. The available evidence distinguishes between six languages in the Tehuelche complex: the Chon group (Teushen, Aoenek'enk, Selk'nam and Haush), the language of the Gününa küne indigenous group and the language of the Querandí people.
331:. The presence, or lack thereof, Tehuelche people in the Pampas has led to disagreements among researchers, who have not agreed on the existence of a separate subdivision called the "Pampas", nor what their relationship and borders were with the Mapuches.
1257:
1059:
who, since the second half of the 19th century, began to settle in Chubut: the relations were generally harmonious between the two groups. In 1869, Chief Biguá recognized the need to defend the Welsh against a potential attack from Chief Calfucurá.
1029:. Cangapol had a seat in the government in the Sierra de la Ventana region, and their people were known as the "Mountain Pampas". The Pampas knew how to align themselves with the Mapuches from the west, to attack the Buenos Aires Campaign in 1740.
3082:
263:
term chewel che, which would mean "brave people", "rugged people", or "barren land people". Another version suggests that it could be derived from one of their factions, the Tueshens, plus the Mapuche word "che" meaning 'people' or 'peoples'.
900:
herds. During the winter they were in the low areas (meadows, wetlands, shores, lake shores, etc.), and during the summer they moved up to the central plateaus of Patagonia or to the Andes mountains where they had, among other sacred sites,
1004:
Although Mapuche trade started as a means of fostering commerce and alliances, it was completed by generating a large cultural influence on the Tehuelche and other groups, to the point that it is referred to as the "Mapuchization" or
1413:, with 30 residents. 17.65% of the people inhabiting these reservations are bilingual in Spanish and Mapudungun and the rest speak Spanish. The 1991 census only reported two elderly women with memory of the Aonek'o 'a'ien language.
981:), were places for the exchange of various types of products: from livestock and agricultural products to garments, such as ponchos. Cayrú was located in the most western part of the Tandilia system (in the current territory of the
411:), into five simple categories, each with their own language derived from a mother language called "Ken". He grouped them together geographically into "dry land" and "islanders", denying the existence of a separate "Pampa" group.
1701:
in Chubut was created in 1889 to accommodate Chief Miguel Ñancuche Nahuelquir's tribe, who was removed from the Neuquén mountain area by the Conquest of the Desert. It comprises 1250 km and 400 Mapuches-Tehuelche families.
210:
to the Tehuelche. Contact with outsiders also brought in infectious diseases ushering deadly epidemics among Tehuelche tribes. Most existing members of the group currently reside in cities and towns of Argentine Patagonia.
1178:, (Germany), France and England. More specific data shows that a chief known as Pitioche and his wife and child were captured. Reports of these shocking facts form part of Christian Báez and Peter Mason's book
1113:
complex, longitudinal movements (from south to north and vice versa) were very important in establishing extensive exchange networks. In the mid-19th century the Aonikenk exchanged their skins and mollusks for
833:
satisfy their needs in their own territory, they had to ask for the permission of neighboring people from the same ethnic group to use the resources from their territories; a violation of this rule led to war.
1137:
The horse, or more precisely, the mare, became a principle part of the Tehuelche diet, leaving guanacos in second place. The Selk'nam from Tierra del Fuego did not develop a comparable dependency on horses.
3093:
2222:
XI Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral: Coloquio Lenguas Indígenas sudamericanas: aspectos morfosintácticos y
813:
Although mobile, Tehuelche groups tended to move in specific circuits, predominantly from west to east and vice versa. During each season, the groups had places where they would set up camps, known as
2382:
Fanning, Irene; Glusberg, Jorge; Frei, Cheryl Jiménez; Perazzo, Nelly; Hartop, Christopher; Pérez, Jorge F. Rivas; Corcuera, Ruth; Reyes, Marta Arciprete de; Vaquero, Julieta Zunilda (9 March 2020),
762:), claiming that they called their language Gününa yájitch or Pampa. During the 1950s, Casamiquela collected vocabulary, songs and prayers from various elders, outlining a morphosyntactic analysis.
3263:
577:"Southern Southern Tehuelche people": Or "Aónik'enk" (which in their language means "southern"), also called "Aonik" or "Ch'oonükü". Their distribution was from the Strait of Magellan to the
3939:
2214:
1847:
292:, or Araucans, from the west deeply transformed their cultural reality, intermixing and absorbing ethnic groups from the Pampas and central and North of Patagonia, producing the
3238:
Efram Sera-Shriar, ‘Tales from Patagonia: Phillip Parker King and Early Ethnographic Observation in British Ethnology, 1826-1830’, Studies in Travel Writing, 19 (2015), 204-223
2026:
1784:
977:. There were two very important trade fairs in Cayrú and Chapaleofú. These trade fairs, called "Poncho fairs" by the Jesuits at the time who recorded their existence (such as
3256:
4388:
1718:. The survivors took refuge in Argentinian territory, possibly on the Cumusu Aike reserve. Their memory is present in the name Villa Tehuelches, a Chilean town in the
1405:
village. El Chalía was created in 1916 with 60,000 ha, but today its area has been reduced to 32,000, with 80 residents. Loma Redonda is a reservation located between
969:
Since the 18th century, there was important commercial activity and product exchanges among the native inhabitants of the Pampas plains and the Sierras of the current
1158:
militaries' treatment of the Tehuelche and of traders who provided Tehuelches with alcohol and weaponry. Tehuelches were reportedly seen as uncivilized, savage and
652:
language of the Gününa küne indigenous group (northern Chonan). Escalada considered the idea that the entire Tehuelche complex had a common linguistic core, called
2251:
3932:
688:
and northern Chubut provinces (between the Gennakenk people to the north and the Aonekenk people to the south), spoke a language called Pän-ki-kin (Peénkenk).
3249:
3090:
Indigenismos y Políticas indigenistas en las Américas para un análisis comparativo de las relaciones entre Pueblos Indígenas y Estados en los siglos XX y XXI
896:
From this time and until the European arrival (early 16th century) the Tehuelche people were hunter-gatherers who utilized seasonal mobility, moving towards
1052:, was the first Tehuelche chief to make treaties with the Argentine government. His sons, Chiefs Papón and Mulato, ended up on a reserve in southern Chile.
2977:
4383:
3201:, Viedma : Fundación Ameghino, 1990. Separata de: Mundo Ameghiniano, 9 (1990), Antropología. (Etnolingüística. Antropología social), pp. 61–73.
238:
1417:
4393:
3925:
448:
missionary Doménico Milanesio named the Guénena-kéne the "Pampas" in his 1898 vocabulary, published in 1915. In 1922, doctor and German ethnologist
319:
separated the two largest subdivisions: the "Southern Tehuelche" and "Northern Tehuelche". The first subdivision stretched towards the south to the
1315:: 52 Tehuelches, 11 Aonekko 'a'ien speakers (2 Tehuelche settlements in this department: Lot 6 with 34 inhabitants, and Lot 28 bis with 3 families)
2243:
853:
The Tehuelche people believed in diverse Earth spirits, along with a supreme deity who created the world but does not intervene in it. One of the
673:(or Gününa yajüch, or Günün a'ajech, or Gününa küne), whose relationship to other languages in the group is disputed and it is often considered a
937:
to spend the winter there. Here, they made contact with Tehuelche indigenous groups, who they referred to as "Patagones", as told by the scribe,
3229:
3167:
2407:
2344:
556:
Rectifications and ratifications towards a definitive interpretation of the ethnological panorama of Patagonia and the adjacent Northern area
3213:
2339:. Editorial Director: Amanda Renshaw; text and expertise provided by Daniel Arsenault et al. London: Phaidon Press. 2013. pp. 354–355.
4398:
2116:
Rectificaciones y ratificaciones hacia una interpretación definitiva del panorama etnológico de la Patagonia y área septentrional adyacente
2006:
551:
Rectificaciones y ratificaciones hacia una interpretación definitiva del panorama etnológico de la Patagonia y área septentrional adyacente
455:"Aóni-kénk": The southern component of the Tehuelche complex, located from the Magellan Strait up to the Chubut River in Argentina and the
363:
or Falkner the "Tehuelhets" or "Patagones" were the Tehuelche people who lived from the banks of the Rio Negro to the Strait of Magellan:
2226:
3003:
1312:
3449:
1207:
on 11 January 1898, the Camusu Aike reservation was created for the "gathering of Tehuelche tribes". The reservation is located in the
213:
The name "Tehuelche complex" has been used by researchers in a broad sense to group together indigenous peoples from Patagonia and the
2801:
1170:
As early as the second half of the 19th century, Tehuelche groups were abducted and displayed against their will in countries such as
2874:[2010 National Census of Population, Household and Housing: Bicentennial Census. Native Peoples: Metropolitan region-1a ed.]
3308:
1857:
3759:
3543:
739:
In 1913, Lehmann Nitsche used the data collected by Hunziker and Claraz to create a comparative vocabulary of Tehuelche languages:
3563:
2872:"Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010: Censo del Bicentenario. Pueblos Originarios. Región Metropolitana – 1a ed"
2848:[2010 National Census of Population, Household and Housing: Bicentennial Census. Native Peoples: Patagonia region-1a ed.]
304:
led to the near extinction of these indigenous communities. This historic overview has led to the disagreement among researchers.
4228:
3810:
3598:
247:(General and Natural History of the Indies), that "We Spaniards call them the Patagones for their big feet", which the historian
3754:
3469:
3205:
805:. Casamiquela released the first and last name of the last Puelche speaker: José María Cual, who died in 1960 at the age of 90.
4408:
4359:
4265:
4106:
3330:
2926:[2010 National Census of Population, Household and Housing: Bicentennial Census. Native Peoples: Pampas region-1a ed.]
500:
181:
The approximate distribution of languages in the southernmost regions of South America during the years of the Spanish conquest
3083:"De 'reservas' a comunidades: Procesos de visibilización de los pueblos originarios en la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina)"
2846:"Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010: Censo del Bicentenario. Pueblos Originarios. Región Patagonia – 1a ed"
961:
made them famous in European literature from the 16th to the 19th centuries due to their large stature and physical strength.
248:
3898:
3578:
3092:. VIII Reunión de Antropología del MERCOSUR (RAM) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional San Martín. Archived from
2924:"Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010: Censo del Bicentenario. Pueblos Originarios. Región Pampeana – 1a ed"
2900:[2010 National Census of Population, Household and Housing: Bicentennial Census. Native Peoples: Cuyo region-1a ed.]
2640:
2438:
2295:
2171:
2036:
1919:
1894:
1830:
1794:
1448:
1424:
1277:
1208:
1195:
was also criticized for having studied members of the Tehuelche people who had been abducted and were exhibited in circuses.
883:
4340:
4280:
4275:
3558:
611:
2748:
2540:"Reandando los caminos al Chapaleofu: viejas y nuevas hipótesis sobre las construcciones de piedra del sistema de Tandilia"
1390:
The Tehuelche flag: The blue of the sea, the brown of the mountains, the black arrow pointing north and the Southern Cross.
606:
people belong to this group. At the time of the Spanish arrival in the Pampas, these nomadic Pampian hunters were based in
4320:
4260:
1264:
466:"Chehuache-kénk": The western or foothill component of the Tehuelche complex, located in the valleys and foothills of the
2898:"Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010: Censo del Bicentenario. Pueblos Originarios. Región Cuyo – 1a ed"
2701:
2539:
2094:
4315:
4305:
4285:
3029:
2246:[Argentina: Historian Rodolfo Casamiquela : "The Mapuches are Chilean... they have no right to the land"].
1306:
1021:, were the most important chiefs in the regions extending from the Andes Mountains to the Atlantic Oceans, and from the
578:
2871:
1280:, although the population is intermixed with those of other descents. The census recorded that in Santa Cruz Province:
531:
401:), the military doctor Federico A. Escalada classified the Tehuelche people from historic periods, on the basis of the
4255:
3961:
1141:
1006:
63:
1351:
the city of Buenos Aires, 844 in the Mendoza Province, 738 in the Neuquén Province and 625 in the La Pampa Province.
2383:
2244:"Argentina: Historiador Rodolfo Casamiquela : 'Los mapuches son chilenos... no tienen derecho sobre la tierra'"
1358:
Camusu Aike Territory: 180 km northwest of Río Gallegos, recognized in September 2007 with legal entity status.
3789:
3272:
2368:
324:
4148:
4116:
2949:
2923:
2845:
1226:(Lot 6) and Lago Cardiel (Lot 28 bis). The first two were stripped of their status in 1966 and the third in 1990.
4378:
3110:
1398:
1300:
426:
280:
3313:
1026:
2897:
1521:
In the Chubut Province, there are mixed communities of Mapuche and Tehuelche people, and they call themselves
1397:
There are two reservations located in the Chubut Province. El Chalía, the Manuel Quilchamal community, in the
1204:
1022:
570:(Outline of an ethnology of the Río Negro province) (1985), reaffirming the existence of a Tehuelche complex.
4270:
3593:
3484:
2569:
2391:
1495:
1440:
1290:
312:
1347:; with 4575 in the rest of the country. In all of Argentina 10,590 people considered themselves Tehuelche.
781:
Clarificación lingüística de las relaciones interculturales e interétnicas en la región pampeano-patagónica
3439:
3303:
1641:
1406:
1192:
1105:
930:
449:
297:
2480:
4243:
3779:
3710:
3671:
3489:
3474:
3055:
1822:
990:
970:
328:
2674:
2285:
2225:. XI Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística. Santa Fe: CONICET. pp. 1–12. Archived from
1714:
epidemic that killed Chief Mulato and other members of his settled tribe in the río Zurdo valley, near
1486:
685:
430:
küne". In combination with other neighboring groups the Guénena-kéne were generally referred to as the
3128:
587:"Southern Northern Tehuelche people": Also called "Pampas" and "mountain-dwellers" by historians from
4088:
3820:
3774:
3681:
3640:
3553:
3538:
3464:
3454:
2819:
1719:
1402:
1379:
1344:
1324:
1215:
1101:
982:
922:
592:
471:
786:
Linguistic Clarification of Intercultural and Inter-ethnic Relations in the Pampas-Patagonian Region
4250:
4173:
3764:
3700:
3630:
3625:
3548:
3516:
3479:
3444:
1698:
1478:
1410:
1328:
875:
752:
In 1925, Harrington gathered words from bilingual Tehuelche speakers which he published in 1946 in
545:
435:
4403:
4335:
4325:
3857:
3852:
3827:
3784:
3676:
3650:
3568:
3533:
3528:
3459:
2454:
2362:
2096:
Origen y uso del fuego mito recogido entre los tehuelches araucanizados de la patagonia argentina
2068:
1461:
1433:
1303:: 36 Tehuelches, 14 Aonekko 'a'ien speakers (Cerro Índice Settlement with 5 families, 24 people).
1284:
890:
705:
598:"Northern Northern Tehuelche people": The "Puelches" from north of Neuquén and the group called "
460:
320:
230:
105:
4055:
3413:
2399:
1362:
1045:
717:
161:
3062:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos Presidencia de la Nación. 25 March 2014
1974:
1394:
There are some bilingual Aonekko 'a'ien speakers in these settlements; the rest speak Spanish.
1386:
1032:
631:
4300:
4238:
4143:
4131:
3874:
3736:
3725:
3705:
3521:
3383:
3358:
3298:
3225:
3163:
2636:
2488:
2434:
2403:
2350:
2340:
2291:
2167:
2129:
Lehmann-Nitsche, Robert (1913). "El grupo lingüístico Tshon de los territorios magallánicos".
2032:
1915:
1890:
1853:
1826:
1790:
1691:
1118:
1073:
1049:
942:
938:
934:
704:
Finally, the Aonekken ("people of the South") people speak the language commonly known as the
636:
615:
603:
479:
226:
2777:
Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos. CHON
1944:
4310:
4295:
4290:
4198:
4193:
4183:
4126:
4121:
3999:
3984:
3815:
3769:
3720:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3503:
3388:
3338:
2395:
1509:
1378:
Copolque (or Kopolke): Located in the Leandro N. Alem Settlement in the surrounding area of
1260:
1222:(Lots 119–117) between 20,000 and 25,000 hectares (200–250 km; 77–97 sq mi),
918:
889:
The ancestors of the Tehuelche are probably responsible for the creation of the rock art of
674:
644:
607:
467:
422:
110:
4330:
4188:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4111:
4050:
4040:
3879:
3869:
3511:
3290:
1849:
Crónica de la Patagonia y tierras australes. Desde el descubrimiento hasta la colonización
1739:
1469:
1268:
1081:
694:
522:
483:
456:
185:
3343:
2775:
1332:
564:(A new ethnological panorama of the Pan-Pampas and adjacent Patagonian area) (1969); and
3207:
Die Tehuelche. Ein Ethnohistorischer Beitrag zu einer jahrhundertelangen Nicht-Begegnung
2481:"Fantastically Wrong: Magellan's Strange Encounter With the 10-Foot Giants of Patagonia"
4203:
4178:
4153:
4136:
4045:
4030:
4009:
3408:
3403:
1625:
1578:
1571:
1130:
986:
978:
902:
826:
669:
573:
Casamiquela proposed the following classification for the continental area circa 1700:
431:
343:
308:
301:
293:
234:
145:
3241:
3036:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos Presidencia de la Nación. 2012
2516:
La frontera sur de Buenos Aires en la larga duración, Una Perspectiva Multidisciplinar
1815:
1134:
the high summits of the Andes and to the south by Lake Buenos Aires/General Carrera).
414:
The names used by Escalada, which he obtained from Mapuche-speaking informants, were:
4372:
4233:
4223:
4065:
4025:
3363:
2054:
Etimología araucana, idiomas comparados de la Patagonia; lecturas y frasario araucano
1936:
1687:
1683:
1606:
1457:
985:). Chapaleofú refers to the homonymic water stream vicinity, situated in the current
802:
518:
2144:
Lehmann-Nitsche, Robert (1922). "El grupo lingüístico 'Het' de la pampa Argentina".
272:
3368:
2804:[National Institute for Indigenous Affairs (INAI) Statistical Information]
1962:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Instituto Superior de Estudios Patagónicos. p. 25.
1715:
1340:
1223:
1159:
1122:
1096:
1085:
854:
618:, to almost all of current Buenos Aires Province and the city of Buenos Aires. The
588:
475:
316:
315:
named them "tsóneka", "tsónik" or "chonik". The majority of experts agree that the
153:
3917:
233:'s expedition in 1520, he referred to the indigenous people he came across in the
205:
in South America. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Tehuelche were influenced by
3398:
3393:
2822:[2010 National Census of Population, Household and Housing, Chapter 10]
1885:
Casamiquela, Rodolfo; Mondelo, Osvaldo; Enrique, Perea; Martinic, Mateo (1991).
1372:
1354:
There are currently Tehuelche settlements in the Santa Cruz Province including:
1294:
1240:
1219:
1175:
1069:
958:
850:
who also practiced medicine with the help of the spirits invoked in themselves.
765:
In 1960, Ana Gerzenstein made a phonetic and phonological classification in her
680:
The "Tshoneka centrales", meaning, the indigenous groups located in the current
619:
599:
351:
133:
2658:
Los espacios de la antropología en la obra de Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, 1894–1938
1256:
989:. Both municipalities, or partidos, are located in the interior of the current
622:
disappeared as a Tehuelche faction, mixing in colonial times with other groups.
359:
Chechehets; and to the south of these last is the country of the Tehuelhets ...
3348:
3282:
2100:
1887:
Del mito a la realidad. Evolución iconográfica del pueblo tehuelche meridional
1531:
1320:
681:
177:
3160:
The desert and the dream: A study of Welsh colonization in Chubut 1865 – 1915
2492:
2354:
709:
Tehuelche"). The organization focuses on spreading the language and culture.
452:, who traveled through Argentina circa 1900, called them the "Agününa künnü".
2431:
Amerindia. Introducción a la etnohistoria y las artes visuales precolombinas
2056:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Talleres Gráficos del Estado Mayor del Ejército.
1017:
During the first half of the 18th century, Chief Cacapol and his son, Chief
721:
The classification of Chonan languages, according to Roberto Lehmann-Nitsche
202:
87:
42:
3378:
2727:
913:
778:
In 1991, José Pedro Viegas Barros outlined a morphosyntactic projection in
380:
Las culturas indígenas de la Pampa y Las culturas indígenas de la Patagonia
2978:"El Sindicato de Camioneros asistió a la comunidad tehuelche de El Chalía"
2334:
2014:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Consejo Nacional de Educación. pp. 24–29.
189:
Tehuelche chiefs, located in Santa Cruz Province in the south of Argentina
17:
4035:
4004:
3948:
3862:
3353:
2681:. la Dirección General de Informática del Consejo Provincial de Educación
2519:(1 ed.). La Plata: Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
1711:
1235:
1154:
1126:
1056:
1018:
879:
859:
561:
Un nuevo panorama etnológico del area pan-pampeana y patagónica adyacente
486:, Llanquihue Province and the Palena Province. Their language was called
463:. He obtained the name from his informant Agustina Quilchaman de Manquel.
445:
289:
259:
According to the most widespread view, the word Tehuelche comes from the
2802:"Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas (INAI) Información estadística"
1852:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Ushuaia: Zagier & Urruty Publications.
1710:
The Tehuelche group is nearly extinct in Chile. In 1905 they suffered a
973:, the inhabitants of Northern Patagonia, and those of both edges of the
3994:
3989:
3423:
3373:
2702:"Trayectorias de una recuperación en suspenso (ex Reserva Lago Viedma)"
1612:
Mapuche Tehuelche Indigenous group "Gnechen Peñi Mapu" (Puerto Madryn),
1171:
1065:
1010:
998:
994:
897:
847:
491:
487:
260:
206:
169:
125:
3210:, A dissertation. Universitãt Wien (University of Vienna), 2002. (PDF)
2188:
2118:(in Spanish) (1 ed.). Bahía Blanca: Universidad Nacional del Sur.
1682:
Four urban Mapuche-Tehuelche communities also exist in Santa Cruz: in
3979:
3805:
3199:
Situación lingüística de los tehuelches en la provincia de Santa Cruz
2826:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. p. 281
2317:
1786:
Colonización, resistencia y mestizaje en las Américas (siglos XVI-XX)
1245:
1089:
340:
214:
3197:
Martine Delahaye, Ana V. Fernández Garay, José Pedro Viegas Barros,
2820:"Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010, Capítulo 10"
2514:
2028:
Colonización, resistencia y mestizaje en las Américas, siglos XVI–XX
1941:
A description of Patagonia, and the adjoining parts of South America
1817:
Magellan's Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation
296:
of a large part of the ancient inhabitants. Finally, the subsequent
581:
and they were nomadic hunters. Their language was "Aonek'o 'a'jen".
348:
A description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts of South America
1385:
1255:
1140:
1031:
974:
912:
874:
716:
630:
530:
514:
271:
184:
176:
3056:"Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indigenas. Resolución Nº 116/2014"
3030:"Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indigenas. Resolución Nº 115/2012"
2455:"Men From Early Middle Ages Were Nearly As Tall As Modern People"
2930:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC)
2904:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC)
2878:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC)
2852:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC)
1976:
Viaje en las rejiones septentrionales de la Patagonia, 1862–1863
1077:
1044:
The Tehuelche people south of the Río Negro had a female chief:
659:
Until the 19th century the following languages were recognized:
507:
4086:
3959:
3921:
3245:
1744:
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, República Argentina
929:
On 31 March 1520 the Spanish expedition, under the command of
693:
retain their Tewsün roots today; for example, the name of the
1889:(in Spanish) (1 ed.). Buenos Aires: Fundación Ameghino.
323:, whereas the second group extended towards the north to the
1368:
Lago Cardiel Lot 28 bis: Close to Gobernador Gregores City.
941:. Pigaffetta described these people as a mythical tribe of
742:
El grupo lingüístico tschon de los territorios magallánicos
591:(who lived in the mountains of the Tandilia system and the
399:
The Tehuelche Complex. An Ethnographic study of Patagonians
2099:(in Spanish). Amerindia 24. pp. 73–85. Archived from
1990:
Hunziker, Johann Friedrich (1928). Outes, Felix F. (ed.).
1960:
El complejo "tehuelche": estudios de etnografía patagónica
1767:
Informe de la comisión verdad histórica y nuevo trato 2003
1593:
Mapuche Tehuelche Pu Fotum Mapu Community (Puerto Madryn),
788:), and in 2005 he developed a phonological description in
747:
The Chonan Linguistic Groups of the Magellanic Territories
535:
Distribution of pre-Hispanic peoples in Southern Patagonia
482:
in Argentina. In Chile they were in the Andean sectors of
459:
in Chile. Escalada called their language Aonika áish, the
2808:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. p. 5.
2574:
Museo de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
2570:"Reunión con las Comunidades Mapuche-Tehuelche de Chubut"
1677:
Caniu Community (Buenos Aires Chico – El Maitén, Chubut).
1361:
Lago Cardiel Lot 6: Between Gobernador Gregores City and
2166:. Colección El Suri. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Mondragon.
510:, who lived on the northern steppe region of the island.
354:' for the Puelche people, which included the Tehuelche:
2164:
Voces en el viento: Raíces lingüísticas de la Patagonia
1821:. Translated by Skelton, R. A. New Haven & London:
1543:
Vuelta del Río Community (Cushamen Indigenous Reserve),
394:
El complejo tehuelche. Estudio de etnografía patagónica
1914:(in Spanish). Valdivia: Universidad Austral de Chile.
567:
Bosquejo de una etnología de la provincia de Río Negro
760:
A Contribution to the Study of the Gününa küne Indian
339:
One of the primary classifications was from English
4216:
4099:
4018:
3972:
3891:
3839:
3798:
3747:
3690:
3664:
3618:
3607:
3586:
3577:
3502:
3432:
3329:
3322:
3289:
3192:
Textos tehuelches documentados por Martine Delahaye
2290:(1st ed.). Punto Arenas: Impresos VANIC Ltda.
2008:
Nombres indios y galeses de la toponimia patagónica
1979:(in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Imprenta nacional.
1339:considered themselves Tehuelche within the city of
139:
119:
96:
78:
73:
52:
3216:– Contains primary sources and reference material.
2336:Art & Place: Site-Specific Art of the Americas
2093:Fernandez Garay, Ana; Hernandez, Graciela (1999).
2031:(in Spanish). Quito: Abya-Yala. pp. 235–265.
1814:
517:, an intermixed group of Onas with non-Patagonian
404:Estudio de la realidad humana y de la bibliografía
2749:"Los tehuelches tendrán una banca en el Congreso"
1549:Enrique Sepúlveda Community (Buenos Aires Chico),
548:reviewed Escalada's classifications in his books
3194:, Languages of the world, Text collections,1986.
3135:(in Spanish). Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino
2069:"El grupo lingüístico Het de la pampa argentina"
1503:Buenos Aires Province (Mapuche-Tehuelche People)
3187:, Paris : Université René Descartes, 1983.
434:(i.e. 'Eastern') by the Mapuches, a name which
365:
356:
1145:Elderly Tehuelche woman smoking a tobacco pipe
3933:
3257:
1912:El Tehuelche. Una lengua en vías de extinción
1789:(in Spanish). Quito: Abya-Yala. p. 277.
1293:: 44 Tehuelches, 24 Aonekko 'a'ien speakers (
1263:, of Tehuelche descent. A past member of the
1179:
789:
779:
766:
755:Contribución al estudio del indio gününa küne
753:
727:
565:
559:
549:
402:
392:
378:
242:
8:
3220:Bernal, Irma; Proaño, Mario Sánchez (2007).
2950:"Bandera del Pueblo Tehuelche de Santa Cruz"
2544:Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria
1662:Mapuche Tehuelche Trelew Community (Trelew),
1552:Huisca Antieco Community (Alto Río Corinto),
1546:Emilio Prane Nahuelpan Community (League 4),
1477:Vuelta del Río Indigenous Community (in the
439:
279:. An 1832 drawing made during the voyage of
35:
1287:: 28 Tehuelches, no Aonekko 'a'ien speakers
740:
4096:
4083:
3969:
3956:
3940:
3926:
3918:
3615:
3583:
3326:
3264:
3250:
3242:
3115:Honorable Legislatura Provincia del Chubut
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
1992:Vocabulario y fraseario genakenn (puelche)
1309:: 6 Tehuelches, 2 Aonekko 'a'ien speakers.
1218:created the following reserves by decree:
1117:(strawberries, blackberries, raspberries,
41:
34:
2972:
2970:
2669:
2667:
2513:Pedrotta, Victoria; Lanteri, Sol (2015).
2461:. Ohio State University. 2 September 2004
2400:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t003988
2157:
2155:
1778:
1776:
1765:"Los pueblos indígenas del extremo sur".
1605:Tewelche Mapuche Pu Kona Mapu Community (
1590:Mallin de los Cuales Community (Gan Gan),
1319:There were also inter-mixed marriages in
237:as the "Patagoni". In 1535 the historian
2660:(PhD). Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
2618:
2606:
2594:
2088:
2086:
1456:Nehuen Mulfuñ Community (in the city of
1095:
1009:". A large portion of the Tehuelche and
729:Diario de viaje de exploración al Chubut
244:Historia general y natural de las Indias
201:, are an Indigenous people from eastern
4389:Indigenous peoples of the Southern Cone
1880:
1878:
1876:
1731:
1697:The Cushamen indigenous reserve in the
1686:(Fem Mapu), Gallegos River (Aitué), in
1674:Arroyo del Chalía Indigenous Community,
1537:Motoco Cárdenas Community (Puelo Lake).
1494:Río Chico Indigenous Community (in the
1418:Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas
1108:extended Argentine power into Patagonia
921:in Puerto Deseado, in 1789, during the
544:Argentine historian and paleontologist
409:Study of Human Reality and Bibliography
307:In the 19th century, explorers such as
3162:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
3004:"Aborígenes en la Patagonia Argentina"
2631:Báez, Christian; Mason, Peter (2000).
2360:
1808:
1806:
1371:Cerro Índice: 40 km southeast of
1055:The Tehuelche people had to live with
2189:"kketo sh m 'ekot – lengua tehuelche"
1072:meat (ñandú or choique), followed by
1041:Blanca and Carmen de Patagones area.
821:among themselves, and referred to as
773:Phonology of the Gününa-këna Language
7:
3010:(in Spanish). PatagoniaExpress. 2019
2700:Rodríguez, Mariela Eva (July 2009).
2433:(in Spanish). Editorial Corregidor.
499:Island Tehuelche People, located on
377:In 1936 Milcíades Vignati published
350:, which introduced the ethnic name '
277:Grupo de patagones en puerto Peckett
239:Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés
74:Regions with significant populations
3273:Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina
3117:. Honorable Legislatura del Chubut.
2954:kketo sh m ´ekot – lengua tehuelche
2679:Santa Cruz Gobierno de la Provincia
2215:"La frase nominal en gününa iajëch"
1618:Bajada de Gaucho Senguer Community,
1587:Laguna Fría-Chacay Oeste Community,
1375:and 50 km south of Tres Lagos.
1252:Present-day status of the Tehuelche
677:in the absence of more information;
2318:"Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas"
2250:(in Spanish). 2007. Archived from
1599:Loma Redonda – Tramaleu Community,
768:Fonología de la lengua gününa-këna
610:, and extended in to the south of
525:on the Eastern part of the island.
441:Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale
25:
4384:Hunter-gatherers of South America
3899:European immigration to Argentina
3185:Vers une description du tehuelche
2067:Lehmann-Nitsche, Roberto (1922).
1994:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Coni.
1624:"Namuncurá-Sayhueque" Community (
1558:Blancuntre-Yala Laubat Community,
846:were narrated and updated by the
3129:"Pueblos Originarios. Tehuelche"
2287:Los Aonikenk, Historia y Cultura
2162:Viegas Barros, Pedro J. (2005).
2114:Casamiquela, Rodolfo M. (1965).
2025:Boccara, Guillaume, ed. (2002).
1783:Boccara, Guillaume, ed. (2002).
1584:Tramaleo Loma Redonda Community,
1508:Tehuelche Callvu Shotel (in the
540:According to Rodolfo Casamiquela
80:
4394:Indigenous peoples in Argentina
4360:Category:Ethnic groups in Chile
3949:Ancestry and ethnicity in Chile
3081:Rodríguez, Mariela Eva (2009).
2576:(in Spanish). Museo de la Plata
1615:Sierras de Huancache Community,
1567:Pocitos de Quichaura Community,
1555:Blancura y Rinconada Community,
1166:Abduction and forced exhibition
734:Chubut exploration travel diary
501:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
1668:Sierra de Gualjaina Community,
1621:Willi Pu folil Kona Community,
1439:Camusu Aike Community (in the
1401:, located 60 km from the
387:According to Federico Escalada
373:According to Milcíades Vignati
1:
2728:"CHIQUICHANO, ROSA LAUDELINA"
2146:Revista del Museo de La Plata
2131:Revista del Museo de La Plata
2073:Revista del Museo de La Plata
1958:Escalada, Federico A (1949).
1910:Fernández Garay, Ana (1990).
1647:Himun Community Organization,
1540:Cayún Community (Puelo Lake),
1517:Mapuche-Tehuelche communities
1265:Argentine Chamber of Deputies
1150:Relations with Welsh settlers
917:Portrait of Chief Junchar by
2706:Avá. Revista de Antropologia
2213:Orden, María Emilia (2008).
2079:. Buenos Aires: Coni: 10–84.
2052:Milanesio, Doménico (1915).
1973:Cox, Guillermo Eloi (1863).
1577:Katrawunletuayiñ Community (
1530:Huanguelen Puelo Community (
1307:Lago Buenos Aires Department
4399:Indigenous peoples in Chile
2984:(in Spanish). 24 March 2014
2538:Pedrotta, Victoria (2013).
2429:Sondereguer, Cesar (1999).
2322:UNESCO World Heritage List.
1813:Pigafetta, Antonio (1969).
1665:Pampa de Guanaco Community,
1596:Esteban Tracaleu Community,
1432:Copolque Community (in the
1007:Araucanization of Patagonia
965:Influence from the Mapuches
418:Dry land Tehuelche people:
335:According to Thomas Falkner
225:According to the historian
4425:
2656:Ballestero, Diego (2013).
2005:Harrington, Tomas (1941).
1659:Cushamen Centro Community,
1650:Rincón del Moro Community,
1570:Paso de Indios Community (
1472:(Mapuche-Tehuelche People)
1451:(Mapuche-Tehuelche People)
1382:in the Deseado Department.
1199:Reservations in Santa Cruz
1036:Tehuelches in Río Gallegos
953:from the knighthood novel
697:is derived from the term "
325:Colorado River (Argentina)
68:• Not araucanized: 17,420
4357:
4229:Americans & Canadians
4095:
4082:
3968:
3955:
3279:
3224:. Buenos Aires: Galerna.
2755:(in Spanish). 11 May 2007
1846:Álvarez, Antonio (2000).
1671:Bajo la Cancha Community,
1631:Mariano Epulef Community,
1301:Lago Argentino Department
957:. The Patagonians' large
427:Francisco Pascasio Moreno
249:Francisco López de Gómara
144:
124:
101:
57:
47:Mulato, a Tehuelche Chief
40:
3281:Ancestral background of
2384:"Argentina, Republic of"
2284:Martinic, Mateo (1995).
2187:Wenai sh e pekk groupe.
1935:Falkner, Thomas (1774).
1230:Notable Tehuelche people
713:Studies of Gününa yajüch
3158:Williams, Glyn (1975).
3111:"Los Pueblos de Chubut"
2675:"Comunidad Camusu Aike"
2392:Oxford University Press
2324:Retrieved 7 March 2012.
1742:[Census 2022].
1343:and the 24 partidos of
1203:By decree of President
882:at Cueva de las Manos,
667:indigenous group spoke
313:George Chaworth Musters
4409:Pre-Columbian cultures
2367:: CS1 maint: others (
1399:Río Senguer Department
1391:
1272:
1193:Robert Lehmann-Nitsche
1180:
1146:
1109:
1106:Conquest of the Desert
1037:
931:Fernando de Magallanes
926:
886:
790:
780:
767:
754:
741:
728:
722:
639:
566:
560:
550:
536:
450:Robert Lehmann-Nitsche
440:
438:also gave them in his
403:
393:
379:
370:
361:
298:Conquest of the Desert
284:
281:Jules Dumont d'Urville
243:
190:
182:
3190:Ana Fernandez Garay,
2774:Fabre, Alain (2005).
1823:Yale University Press
1637:Nahuel Pan Community,
1561:Traquetren Community,
1389:
1259:
1205:José Evaristo Uriburu
1144:
1099:
1035:
991:Buenos Aires Province
971:Buenos Aires Province
916:
878:
720:
634:
534:
329:Rio Negro (Argentina)
275:
256:known as "Pathogan".
188:
180:
140:Related ethnic groups
3587:By religious beliefs
3099:on 30 December 2011.
2635:. Santiago: Pehuen.
1939:. In Pugh, C (ed.).
1656:Rinconada Community,
1640:Río Mayo Community (
1602:Taguatran Community,
1564:Auke Mapu Community,
1496:Ñorquinco Department
1443:, 14 September 2007)
1441:Güer Aike Department
1403:Doctor Ricardo Rojas
1345:Greater Buenos Aires
1313:Río Chico Department
1291:Güer Aike Department
923:Malaspina Expedition
871:Pre-Columbian period
593:Sierra de la Ventana
521:. They lived in the
472:General Carrera Lake
2254:on 15 December 2010
2232:on 21 January 2012.
1769:(in Spanish). 2003.
1699:Cushamen Department
1690:(Willimapu) and in
1653:Escorial Community,
1634:El Molle Community,
1498:, 1 September 2000)
1481:, 24 February 1997)
1479:Cushamen Department
1449:Santa Cruz Province
1425:Santa Cruz Province
1329:Gobernador Gregores
1278:Santa Cruz Province
1267:, representing the
1214:In 1922, President
1209:Santa Cruz Province
884:Santa Cruz Province
825:by the Spanish and
809:Social organization
546:Rodolfo Casamiquela
300:carried out by the
37:
3962:Indigenous peoples
3283:Argentine citizens
3214:Native Patagonians
3183:Martine Delahaye,
3133:Chile precolombino
2633:Zoológicos humanos
2394:(published 2003),
2148:(in Spanish) (27).
2133:(in Spanish) (22).
1489:(Tehuelche People)
1487:Río Negro Province
1462:Deseado Department
1434:Deseado Department
1427:(Tehuelche People)
1392:
1285:Deseado Department
1273:
1181:Zoológicos humanos
1147:
1110:
1038:
927:
891:Cueva de las Manos
887:
796:Voices in the Wind
791:Voces en el viento
723:
706:Tehuelche language
640:
537:
513:"Man(e)kenk": The
461:Tehuelche language
391:In his 1949 piece
321:Strait of Magellan
285:
231:Ferdinand Magellan
197:, also called the
191:
183:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3498:
3497:
3231:978-950-556-422-4
3169:978-0-7083-0579-9
3008:Patagonia Express
2708:(in Spanish) (14)
2550:(2). Buenos Aires
2409:978-1-884446-05-4
2388:Oxford Art Online
2346:978-0-7148-6551-5
1692:Puerto Santa Cruz
1523:Mapuche-Tehuelche
1325:Puerto San Julián
1216:Hipólito Yrigoyen
1119:Magellan barberry
1074:South Andean deer
1048:. Her successor,
983:Olavarría Partido
943:Patagonian giants
939:Antonio Pigafetta
726:sentences in his
637:Museo de La Plata
635:Tehuelche cloak;
616:San Luis Province
480:Nahuel Huapi Lake
444:(1826–1833). The
346:in his 1774 work
241:explained in his
227:Antonio Pigafetta
175:
174:
16:(Redirected from
4416:
4379:Tehuelche people
4097:
4084:
3970:
3957:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3616:
3584:
3327:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3235:
3204:Christine Papp:
3173:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3087:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2358:
2331:
2325:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2281:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2219:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2193:kketoshmekot.org
2184:
2178:
2177:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1882:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1820:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1510:La Plata Partido
1464:, 25 March 2014)
1416:Since 1995, the
1411:Alto Río Senguer
1261:Rosa Chiquichano
1183:
1057:Welsh immigrants
793:
783:
770:
757:
744:
731:
675:language isolate
645:Chonan languages
612:Córdoba Province
608:Mendoza Province
579:Santa Cruz River
569:
563:
553:
506:"Selk'nam": The
468:Andean Mountains
443:
436:Alcide d'Orbigny
423:Puelche language
406:
396:
382:
246:
195:Tehuelche people
86:
84:
83:
53:Total population
45:
38:
21:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4345:
4212:
4091:
4070:
4014:
3964:
3951:
3946:
3916:
3903:
3887:
3835:
3794:
3743:
3686:
3660:
3612:
3610:
3603:
3573:
3494:
3428:
3318:
3285:
3275:
3270:
3232:
3219:
3180:
3178:Further reading
3170:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2619:Williams (1975)
2617:
2613:
2607:Williams (1975)
2605:
2601:
2595:Williams (1975)
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2359:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2282:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2103:on 3 June 2013.
2092:
2091:
2084:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1708:
1694:(Millanahuel).
1680:
1519:
1470:Chubut Province
1363:San Martín Lake
1269:Chubut Province
1254:
1232:
1201:
1191:Anthropologist
1168:
1152:
1082:Patagonian mara
1046:María la Grande
967:
911:
909:Spanish arrival
873:
868:
843:
811:
736:) (1865–1866).
715:
695:Chubut Province
629:
542:
523:Mitre Peninsula
457:Palena province
389:
375:
337:
270:
268:Classifications
223:
115:
81:
79:
69:
67:
61:
48:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4422:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3433:Non Indigenous
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3217:
3211:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3120:
3102:
3073:
3047:
3021:
2995:
2982:Diario Jornada
2966:
2941:
2915:
2889:
2863:
2837:
2811:
2793:
2766:
2740:
2719:
2692:
2663:
2648:
2641:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2561:
2546:(in Spanish).
2530:
2505:
2472:
2446:
2439:
2421:
2408:
2374:
2345:
2326:
2310:
2296:
2265:
2235:
2205:
2179:
2172:
2151:
2136:
2121:
2106:
2082:
2075:(in Spanish).
2059:
2044:
2037:
2017:
1997:
1982:
1965:
1950:
1927:
1920:
1902:
1895:
1872:
1858:
1838:
1831:
1802:
1795:
1772:
1757:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1707:
1704:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1575:
1572:Paso de Indios
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:, 18 May 2010)
1500:
1499:
1483:
1482:
1466:
1465:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1436:, 5 June 2007)
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1359:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1288:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1211:of Argentina.
1200:
1197:
1167:
1164:
1162:by the Welsh.
1155:Welsh settlers
1151:
1148:
1131:Chilean bamboo
1100:Under General
1050:Casimiro Biguá
987:Tandil Partido
979:Thomas Falkner
966:
963:
935:San Julián Bay
910:
907:
903:Mount Fitz Roy
872:
869:
867:
864:
842:
839:
810:
807:
714:
711:
690:
689:
678:
628:
625:
624:
623:
596:
585:
582:
541:
538:
529:
528:
527:
526:
511:
497:
496:
495:
464:
453:
388:
385:
374:
371:
344:Thomas Falkner
336:
333:
302:Argentine Army
294:Araucanization
269:
266:
235:San Julian Bay
222:
219:
173:
172:
142:
141:
137:
136:
122:
121:
117:
116:
114:
113:
108:
102:
99:
98:
94:
93:
90:
76:
75:
71:
70:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4421:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4361:
4356:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:Luxembourgian
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3314:South African
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3222:Los Tehuelche
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3074:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2767:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2460:
2459:Science Daily
2456:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2253:
2249:
2248:BWN Patagonia
2245:
2239:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1861:
1859:9781879568747
1855:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1720:Laguna Blanca
1717:
1713:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1684:Caleta Olivia
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:Puerto Madryn
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1458:Pico Truncado
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
924:
920:
919:José del Pozo
915:
908:
906:
904:
899:
894:
892:
885:
881:
877:
870:
865:
863:
861:
856:
851:
849:
840:
838:
834:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
808:
806:
804:
803:dead language
801:Puelche is a
799:
797:
792:
787:
782:
776:
774:
769:
763:
761:
756:
750:
748:
743:
737:
735:
730:
719:
712:
710:
707:
702:
700:
696:
687:
683:
679:
676:
672:
671:
666:
662:
661:
660:
657:
655:
649:
646:
638:
633:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
590:
586:
583:
580:
576:
575:
574:
571:
568:
562:
557:
552:
547:
539:
533:
524:
520:
519:Yaghan people
516:
512:
509:
505:
504:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:
458:
454:
451:
447:
442:
437:
433:
428:
424:
420:
419:
417:
416:
415:
412:
410:
405:
400:
395:
386:
384:
381:
372:
369:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
342:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
282:
278:
274:
267:
265:
262:
257:
255:
250:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
220:
218:
216:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
187:
179:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
100:
95:
92:40,836 (2022)
91:
89:
77:
72:
65:
60:
59:Total: 40,836
56:
51:
44:
39:
30:
19:
4060:
3559:Roma (Gypsy)
3418:
3304:Cape Verdean
3221:
3206:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3159:
3152:Bibliography
3137:. Retrieved
3132:
3123:
3114:
3105:
3094:the original
3089:
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3059:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3033:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2981:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2814:
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2776:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2752:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2705:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2678:
2657:
2651:
2632:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2547:
2543:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2515:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2458:
2449:
2430:
2424:
2413:, retrieved
2387:
2377:
2335:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2286:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:the original
2247:
2238:
2227:the original
2221:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2192:
2182:
2163:
2145:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2115:
2109:
2101:the original
2095:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2053:
2047:
2027:
2020:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1985:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1940:
1930:
1911:
1905:
1886:
1863:. Retrieved
1848:
1841:
1816:
1785:
1766:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1743:
1740:"Censo 2022"
1734:
1716:Punta Arenas
1709:
1696:
1681:
1522:
1520:
1502:
1501:
1485:
1484:
1468:
1467:
1447:
1446:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1396:
1393:
1353:
1349:
1341:Buenos Aires
1337:
1333:Río Gallegos
1318:
1274:
1224:Lago Cardiel
1213:
1202:
1190:
1185:
1169:
1153:
1136:
1125:tree seeds,
1123:Chilean pine
1114:
1111:
1062:
1054:
1043:
1039:
1027:Salado River
1016:
1003:
968:
954:
950:
947:
933:, landed in
928:
895:
888:
855:cosmological
852:
844:
835:
831:
822:
818:
814:
812:
800:
795:
785:
777:
772:
764:
759:
751:
746:
738:
733:
724:
703:
698:
691:
668:
664:
658:
656:('people').
653:
650:
641:
589:Buenos Aires
572:
555:
543:
476:Fontana Lake
413:
408:
398:
390:
376:
366:
362:
357:
347:
338:
317:Chubut river
306:
286:
276:
258:
253:
224:
212:
198:
194:
192:
165:
157:
149:
129:
58:
32:Ethnic group
29:
27:Ethnic group
4244:Palestinian
4089:Immigration
3780:Montenegrin
3611:and country
1373:Viedma Lake
1297:Settlement)
1295:Camusu Aike
1220:Lago Viedma
1176:Switzerland
1129:, buds and
959:craniometry
925:(1789–1794)
665:Gününa küne
352:Het peoples
309:Ramón Lista
134:Catholicism
64:Araucanized
4373:Categories
4341:Venezuelan
4321:Paraguayan
4251:Argentines
3973:Araucanian
3821:Portuguese
3775:Macedonian
3711:Lithuanian
3672:Belarusian
3490:Venezuelan
3475:Paraguayan
3331:Indigenous
3309:Senegalese
2642:9561604124
2498:3 December
2440:9500511797
2297:9567189056
2173:9871163045
2038:9978222065
1943:. p.
1921:9567105138
1896:9509986402
1832:0486280993
1796:9978222065
1688:Río Turbio
1642:Mayo River
1532:Puelo Lake
1321:Tres Lagos
1186:Human Zoos
558:) (1965);
66:: 23,416
18:Tehuelches
4404:Patagonia
4336:Uruguayan
4281:Dominican
4276:Colombian
4266:Brazilian
4174:Hungarian
4061:Tehuelche
4041:Kaweshkar
4031:Atacameño
4000:Pehuenche
3985:Huilliche
3760:Bulgarian
3748:Southeast
3733:Norwegian
3730:Icelandic
3682:Ukrainian
3641:Hungarian
3609:By region
3594:Mennonite
3564:Taiwanese
3485:Uruguayan
3465:Dominican
3455:Colombian
3450:Brazilian
3419:Tehuelche
3389:Pehuenche
2621:, p. 114.
2609:, p. 115.
2597:, p. 113.
2493:1059-1028
2363:cite book
2355:865298990
1722:commune.
1380:Las Heras
1160:childlike
1084:and even
1023:Río Negro
955:Primaleón
951:Pathoagón
823:tolderías
686:Río Negro
627:Languages
602:" by the
254:Primaleón
203:Patagonia
106:Tehuelche
97:Languages
88:Argentina
36:Tehuelche
4326:Peruvian
4301:Japanese
4286:Filipino
4261:Bolivian
4256:Armenian
4239:Lebanese
4144:Croatian
4132:Scottish
4107:Austrian
4100:European
4056:Selk'nam
4046:Quechuas
4036:Diaguita
4005:Picunche
3858:Scottish
3849:British
3799:Southern
3785:Romanian
3765:Croatian
3755:Albanian
3701:Estonian
3691:Northern
3626:Austrian
3549:Japanese
3529:Armenian
3517:Lebanese
3480:Peruvian
3445:Bolivian
3440:American
3414:Selk'nam
3354:Diaguita
3323:Americas
1712:smallpox
1706:In Chile
1407:Río Mayo
1241:Loncopán
1236:Inacayal
1127:Cyttaria
1115:cholilas
1093:members.
1019:Cangapol
1014:people.
1001:people.
880:Rock art
860:Gualicho
841:Religion
620:Querandí
600:Querandí
494:People).
470:between
446:Salesian
432:Puelches
290:Mapuches
199:Aónikenk
162:Selk'nam
120:Religion
4316:Mexican
4291:Haitian
4271:Chinese
4224:African
4199:Spanish
4194:Russian
4184:Italian
4127:English
4122:British
4117:Belgian
4051:Rapanui
4010:Puelche
3995:Moluche
3990:Mapuche
3853:English
3846:Belgian
3840:Western
3832:Maltese
3828:Italian
3811:Spanish
3790:Serbian
3737:Swedish
3726:Finnish
3717:Nordic
3706:Latvian
3697:Baltic
3677:Russian
3665:Eastern
3651:Slovene
3619:Central
3569:Turkish
3544:Israeli
3534:Chinese
3470:Mexican
3460:Chilean
3424:Teushen
3409:Quilmes
3404:Quechua
3384:Nivaclé
3374:Mapuche
3359:Guaraní
3349:Capayán
3299:Angolan
3060:InfoLEG
3034:InfoLEG
2415:4 April
2223:léxicos
1750:8 March
1746:. INDEC
1460:in the
1172:Belgium
1066:guanaco
1025:to the
1011:Ranquel
999:Mapuche
995:Ranquel
898:guanaco
866:History
848:shamans
827:Creoles
699:chupat"
682:Neuquén
670:Puelche
604:Guaraní
492:Cholila
488:Teushen
261:Mapuche
207:Mapuche
170:Teushen
146:Puelche
126:Animism
111:Spanish
4331:Romani
4311:Korean
4306:Jewish
4296:Indian
4217:Others
4189:Polish
4164:German
4159:French
4112:Basque
4066:Yaghan
4026:Aimara
4019:Others
3875:French
3816:Basque
3806:Iberic
3721:Danish
3646:Polish
3636:German
3599:Jewish
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3379:Mocoví
3364:Huarpe
3339:Abipón
3291:Africa
3228:
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3139:7 June
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2753:Clarín
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