User:PK2/Documentation for cite sign

5181: 5037: 2449:(e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes 5172: 5026: 5190: 5048: 2467:, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: 2031:: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword 4988:. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to 5394: 5007: 31: 2126:: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. 2802:: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See 5124:

are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read,

804:

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A

2638:

fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry

3698:

Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information –

5346:

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation.

4142:

In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers

2093:. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of 650:{{cite sign |author=Michigan Historical Marker Program |url=http://www.jacksonmich.com/markers/mark1.htm |title=Under the Oaks |location=Jackson, MI |publisher=Michigan Department of Natural Resources |date=February 18, 1956 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |medium=Michigan Historical Marker}} 3197:

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

3359:

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.

4862:

will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as

606:, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then 4775:); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use 3703:. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without 7946:

If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at

8648:

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with'

4934:

Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,

3707:

additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:

2584:) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. 2352:: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these: 5486:

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

3699:

usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use

4471:: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. Supports 4262:: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If 784:

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example

4284:: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in 5347:

When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as

1914:: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in 6545:

This template is used to create citations for signs, plaques, and other non-video visuals, using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.

2999:; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the 2484:. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of 569: 2981:– Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in 4967:

empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.

8701:

Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

6330: 6325: 1355:: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of 2097:. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g. 2273: 2982: 622:{{Cite sign |title = |year = |date = |type = |publisher = |location = |author = |url = |access-date = |medium = }} 8576:

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

6158: 3055:; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) 3007:; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) 7000:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

6320: 6051: 544: 2090: 631:{{Cite sign |title=The Underwater Archaeology Centre |year=2006 |type=Plaque outside museum |publisher=The Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology |location=]}} 6115: 3268: 4394:

is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use

2968:

no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to

6391: 3816: 6977:

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors'

5032:: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration 4846:

to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with

2985:

when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.

3941: 562: 3764:

additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:

2402:

Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.

4879:

or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.

6170: 5129:. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add 6376: 6244: 5626: 6148: 4179:). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. 555: 7999:

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template

6335: 5064:

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

6770:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)

2606:: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so 5560: 6480: 6108: 3276: 2764: 1644:

Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of

6070: 3405: 2094: 7118:

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

6462: 6381: 3775: 3622: 2476:: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, 3212:

Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.

737:

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

8746: 7023:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

6206: 6046: 3749: 2181:

The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a

6249: 3854: 3760:

or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without

3679: 537: 4736:

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

5594: 5575: 5544: 3729: – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher. 6143: 6101: 6386: 4215:

are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for

3336: 2741: 2141:

target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate

6816:

Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'newspaper', 'journal', 'magazine', 'periodical'

2660:

is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.

6340: 4305:: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none. 4079: 476: 6254: 3109: 6315: 6302: 5619: 2690:

to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.

2149:

links to multiple works by the same author in the same year, unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case,

6292: 6196: 6239: 4984:

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Knowledge (XXG) as documented in

7256:

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'

6234: 754: 641: 6153: 3416:. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example 1785:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: 5994: 4759:: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For 107: 6282: 6269: 6201: 6186: 4939:

will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).

7325:

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates

5808: 3047:.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the 388: 48: 6216: 6165: 4247: 3272: 1859: 598:

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as

7164:

The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

6084: 5752: 5696: 2622:: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted. 1935:: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after 289: 209: 7279:

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

6138: 6124: 7976:

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

6908:

Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

5864: 5612: 4611:: title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: 3577: 1862:

styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

1519:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: 487: 6523: 6519: 6511: 3625:

for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a

6695:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

6287: 5668: 4864: 3048: 3000: 2775: 2268: 2138: 1855: 177: 1950:

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

7900:

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'

5939: 5794: 5710: 4733:

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

356: 241: 158: 6515: 5983: 5738: 5682: 5598: 2817: 2809: 2735: 2727: 2334: 2326: 2240: 2232: 2069:: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the 273: 193: 91: 2944: 2673: 805:

full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the

7187:

When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

7095:

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place

6356: 6229: 6224: 6016: 6005: 5950: 5928: 5724: 5635: 5586:. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format 4688: 4472: 4395: 4289: 4201: 4183: 4164: 3314: 3058: 3010: 2639:

both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

2206: 2202: 2129: 1919: 1873: 1676: 1608: 1364: 583: 372: 321: 257: 225: 123: 61: 7578:

International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

5073: 4433:

instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use

3112:

contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be

2940: 4386:. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by 2271:

target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a

6027: 5878: 5850: 5822: 4048: 4030: 3880: 3719: 2716:. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that 503: 452: 420: 404: 5091: 4985: 2713: 2712:

is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see

1839:

listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.

6361: 5917: 3567: 1845:: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write 765:

As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

72: 44: 7348:

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

6527: 3394:(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: 2973: 2948: 8672:

number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed

6410: 6371: 5961: 5836: 5780: 5654: 4730:

to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.

3352: 2857: 2287:

format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)

468: 436: 340: 142: 6666:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

6498: 4271: 1901: 760: 5570:

The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear

3857:. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example 2209:

templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as

6443: 6191: 5892: 5766: 5564: 4207:, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when 4117: 3332: 1321:

instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use

519: 305: 7302:

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

4767:); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For 3689: 3307:

be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set

2358:– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified; 587: 6432: 6366: 6259: 5180: 5036: 4870: 4097: 3348: 2759: 2679: 2116: 1990: 3052: 3004: 37: 8728: 6421: 5054:: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source (" 4684: 4664: 4406: 4349: 3963: 3113: 2720:

is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See

2496:

is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if

1604: 1584: 6931:

Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

6277: 5540: 4659:, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to 4246:) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a 3959: 1579:, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to 7141:

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

4989: 8740: 8449:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

7394:

Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

3905: 3661: 3537: 3293: 3215: 2939:

are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead

2770: 2755: 2405: 1996: 8524:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

6744:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

5270:

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

3335:, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an 3235:: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, 2191:

date=2021-12-25|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01

8599:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

8374:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

8296:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

8221:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink.

8146:

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

7046:

Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically

6310: 3923: 3343:

will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as

3283: 2315:

does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by

2277: 2144: 662:(Michigan Historical Marker). Jackson, MI: Michigan Department of Natural Resources 7371:

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

2792:) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: 2580:, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. 5043:: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required 3101:

may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.

6472: 3898: 2700:

was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires

1363:. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports 1884:: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Knowledge (XXG) article or 657: 8074:

Name of the source of the lay URL; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

5551:

part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under

4943:

is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.

4655:, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to 3066: 2002: 1575:, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to 6582:

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found

3664:

identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example

3559: 3549: 2917:

is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Knowledge (XXG) article

2526:: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If 2426: 2257:

parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the

166: 2667:?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=... 2295:: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the 2103:

at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:

7877:

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

3430:: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: 3379: 2704:; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. 2610:

produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

1367:. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata. 4955:: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period ( 4296:... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ... 3902: 2581: 2464: 1926:... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ... 1410: 17: 7555:

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

6093: 2931:

links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, or other unsuitable

2538:

displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following

2453:

newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after

8022:

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined

5055: 3757: 3529: 3515: 2652:: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by 2630:: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the 2376:– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format; 2070: 1730:

is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each

1414: 1409:

is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with

329: 131: 8426:

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

4595:). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use 3315:

Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

2115:"Knowledge (XXG):Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see 2017:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the source named in 1503:. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use 796:, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. 8501:

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

6721:

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

5332: 4005: 3779: 3626: 2558:. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. 8348:

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

8273:

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

8198:

The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

8123:

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

3613:. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none. 2758:

snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as

8475:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the seventh author.

5604: 1446:

is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each

8550:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the eighth author.

7417:

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

6494: 4947:

displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.

3836: 3376: 750: 80: 8625:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the ninth author.

8400:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the sixth author.

8322:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the sixth author.

8247:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the forth author.

8172:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the third author.

7601:

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

7233:

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

6885:

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

5574:

DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to

5018: 3541: 3024: 4819: 4250:

to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

3783: 3778:; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a 3693: 3630: 3568:

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341

3102: 6605:

The title of the source page on the website; displays in quotes

6097: 5608: 4481:: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: 4325:, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in 3562:

id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.

2073:

language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:

1888:

may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in

644:: The Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology. 2006. 4288:(if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the 3518:; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 2437:

or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do

25: 6640:

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

4378:, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in 778:|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September) 741:

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

4414:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)) 3120:. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with: 8051:

URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source

4999: 4643:: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to 3725:

template within the parameter – in the form

3609:: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at 3051:(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include 3003:(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include 1563:: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to 5593:

If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in

4763:, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period ( 3299:

templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair

3039:; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after 2972:

are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at

2672:

For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see

2245:

template. See those templates' documentation for details.

1685:: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use 7739:

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

4412:

to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:

2516:

is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and

7923:

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

7463:

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

2425:: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The 2035:

can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples:

1827:: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires 656:

Michigan Historical Marker Program (February 18, 1956).

5081: 4167:

which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as

3303:

has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should

608: 4017:

parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.

3926:

identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example

2303:). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: 7486:

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

5539:

The template is able to recognize known free-to-read

4695:|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal 3976:

parameter, below; these are two different identifiers

2706:

Not required for linked documents that do not change.

2388:– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD 2370:– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD 1615:|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal 1607:; enclose corporate or institutional author names in 7440:

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

4182:

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the

2983:

Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown

1468:

parameters to change how many authors are displayed.

6471: 6455: 6400: 6349: 6301: 6268: 6215: 6179: 6131: 6060: 6039: 5973: 5907: 5642: 4437:to include the same format as the source. Aliases: 4387: 4338: 4062:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 3797:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 3732:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 3644:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 3595:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 3585: 3271:, especially useful with short-form citations like 2678:Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as 2280:, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.) 685:Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters: 531: 515: 499: 483: 464: 448: 432: 416: 400: 384: 368: 352: 336: 317: 301: 285: 269: 253: 237: 221: 205: 189: 173: 154: 138: 119: 103: 87: 68: 5331: 5189: 5171: 5047: 5025: 3610: 3538:http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 1317:: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use 7532:The date that the DOI was determined to be broken 5553:local function build_free_doi_registrants_table() 5363:Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters 3279:. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with 809:section near the top of this documentation page. 590:for signs, plaques, and other non-video visuals. 7210:For one publication published in several volumes 6954:Original date of publication; provide specifics 4234:It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link 3992:goes live; if this date is in the future, then 3267:identifies the template as a target and allows 1918:(if present). Must be prefixed with one of the 1373:: Given or first names of author; for example: 5526:that will become available in the future, see 4687:; enclose corporate or institutional names in 4292:to help browsers properly display the script: 4238:to a link also produced by an identifier. The 4227:) for auto-linking or to disable the feature ( 3996:is not linked until that date. Aliases: none. 3942:Office of Scientific and Technical Information 1922:to help browsers properly display the script: 800:COinS metadata is created for these parameters 6109: 5620: 4818:Replaces the name of the (first) author with 4398:to tell the template to display the value of 3821:; do not include "JFM" in the value; example 3817:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik 2157:is required to disambiguate the link targets. 1655:: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use 563: 8: 8097:Date of the summary; displays in parentheses 7509:Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' 6542: 5547:. Once a free registrant is identified, the 5141:URL-holding and access-indicator parameters 5068:Access indicators for url-holding parameters 5019:access indicators for url-holding parameters 4115: 3814: 3077:will be supported by all browsers; however, 3025:Access indicators for url-holding parameters 2098: 2021:– do not use a web address; do not wikilink. 60: 6862:Name of the newspaper; displays after title 6839:Name of the publisher; displays after title 6530:in articles based on its TemplateData. 4959:); for no terminating punctuation, specify 3116:. For example, a space must be replaced by 2803: 2721: 2696:: Full date when the content pointed to by 1874:Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters 1413:and use honorifics only in accordance with 8729:pipe trick does not work inside references 6548: 6116: 6102: 6094: 6052:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates 5627: 5613: 5605: 5361: 5139: 4683:: comma separated list of editor names in 3584:. It is checked to ensure it begins with ( 2592:parameters to display access restrictions. 1744:, but not the other way around). Aliases: 1603:: comma-separated list of author names in 570: 556: 8619: 8570: 8544: 8495: 8469: 8420: 8394: 8368: 8342: 8316: 8267: 8241: 8192: 8166: 8117: 7089: 6764: 6715: 6689: 6686: 6660: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6625: 5393: 5006: 4429:: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use 3550:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 3035:: File format of the work referred to by 2995:: File format of the work referred to by 2806:above for details about interaction with 2765:Knowledge (XXG):Using the Wayback Machine 2724:above for details about interaction with 2534:) is also defined and is different, then 2253:: Year of publication. The more flexible 2091:See the list of supported codes and names 6793:Full date of the source; do not wikilink 4714:may be used for the individual names in 4313:: The number of a single page quoted in 3648:eISSNs using a non-standard format, see 3122: 3105:host-names are currently not supported. 2305:|orig-date=First published 1859 2229:in the style specified by the article's 1953: 1628:may be used for the individual names in 1240: 1213: 8731:, so be sure to insert a full wikilink. 8720: 5013:: the source is free to read for anyone 3801:ISSNs using a non-standard format, see 3736:ISBNs using a non-standard format, see 3202: 2832:: A control parameter to select one of 2587: 2395: 609: 5561:Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI 5559:is not set, it will place the page in 5556: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5478: 5473: 5466: 5461: 5454: 5449: 5442: 5437: 5430: 5425: 5418: 5413: 5406: 5401: 5384: 5379: 5342:Access indicator for named identifiers 5262: 5257: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5226: 5221: 5214: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5162: 5157: 5134: 5130: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5000:access indicator for named identifiers 4968: 4964: 4960: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4880: 4768: 4760: 4715: 4694: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4413: 4399: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4356: 4355:to indicate this is intentional (e.g. 4342: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4243: 4239: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4219:to manually select a specific source ( 4216: 4212: 4208: 4187: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4066:SBNs using a non-standard format, see 3599:DOIs using a non-standard format, see 3344: 3340: 3308: 3300: 3261: 3236: 3208: 3206: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2914: 2910: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2867: 2863: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2789: 2687: 2683: 2607: 2340: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2284: 2258: 2254: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2176: 2165: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 1629: 1614: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1360: 1356: 1326: 1290: 1282: 1274: 1266: 1261: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 982: 978: 973: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 947: 943: 939: 934: 930: 925: 921: 917: 912: 908: 904: 899: 895: 891: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 777: 771: 753:metadata in the HTML output, allowing 603: 599: 59: 7693:Online Computer Library Center number 6377:Converting between references formats 5690:short, stand-alone, offline documents 4980:Subscription or registration required 4366:: A list or range of pages quoted in 3970:. Do not include "PMC" in the value. 3966:full-text of a journal article, e.g. 3406:Amazon Standard Identification Number 2382:– as above for month day, year format 2364:– as above for month day, year format 2319:(or, if it exists in the article, by 2265:of the following conditions are met: 2095:Category:CS1 foreign language sources 2087:|language=French, Portuguese 201:short, stand-alone, offline documents 7: 7854:Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier 6524:See a monthly parameter usage report 4867:. Do not use in a list generated by 3776:International Standard Serial Number 3623:International Standard Serial Number 2564:: Name of the content deliverer (if 2189:date; a comment for editors such as 2160:For approximate year, precede with " 2003:Help:Table § Rendering the pipe 1242:Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters 757:to retrieve bibliographic metadata. 527:web sources not covered by the above 6539:Error: cs1|2 template name required 6392:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC 6331:Referencing without using templates 6326:Referencing with citation templates 5289:https://example.com/nifty_data.php 4876: 3901:for looking up publications in the 3750:International Standard Music Number 3727:|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}} 3253: 3242:generates an anchor with the given 7647:Library of Congress Control Number 5227:|contribution-url-access= 4887:) to apply the mask to a specific 4854:—in this case, the value of 4357:|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12 3855:Library of Congress Control Number 3680:International Standard Book Number 2130:Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates 1796:OR: for multiple translators, use 1704:OR: for multiple translators, use 1463: 545:Citation Style 1 wrapper templates 24: 5595:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration 5576:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration 5545:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration 4986:Verifiability § Access to sources 4008:; use unique identifier; example 3065:URLs must begin with a supported 2309:|orig-date=Composed 1904 2128:For acceptable date formats, see 1460:, but not the other way around). 1405:; first name will not display if 638:The Underwater Archaeology Centre 7069:Department within the periodical 5580:local extended_registrants_t = { 5563:, which is routinely cleared by 5392: 5188: 5179: 5170: 5046: 5035: 5024: 5005: 4995:Four access levels can be used: 4771:, element separator is a comma ( 4691:. End with etal if appropriate: 3390:(April 2007 – December 2014) or 2656:can be found. Cannot be used if 1611:. End with etal if appropriate: 772:|date=27 September 2007 29: 7831:Social Science Research Network 7670:Mathematical Reviews identifier 6382:Reference display customization 4402:without processing it, and use 4126:For zbMATH search results like 4080:Social Science Research Network 3839:reference number; for example: 3532:id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 2446: 2175:For no date, or "undated", use 1904:(if available) of the title in 4945:|display-authors=etal 4618:OR: for multiple editors, use 4520:OR: for multiple editors, use 4274:(if available) of the text in 3542:https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 3269:wikilinking to full references 2900:is preemptively archived with 2744:by registered editors. Alias: 1534:OR: for multiple authors, use 1420:OR: for multiple authors, use 1215:Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters 863:|script-contribution= 1: 6149:Biographies of living persons 5263:|section-url-access= 5215:|chapter-url-access= 5203:|article-url-access= 4473:accept-this-as-written markup 4165:accept-this-as-written markup 2339:template), or as used in the 1677:accept-this-as-written markup 1365:accept-this-as-written markup 755:reference management software 602:have upper-case aliases like 7762:PubMed Center article number 6085:Citation Style 1 noticeboard 6071:Citation Style documentation 4990:verifying claims in articles 4877:<references /> 3339:as applicable. For example, 3252:attribute in the citation's 3110:citation template parameters 2788:. By default (overridden by 2445:parameter for the name of a 1325:or one of its aliases (e.g. 905:|publication-place= 7808:Request for Comments number 6501:for background information. 6387:References and page numbers 6321:Introduction to referencing 6125:Knowledge (XXG) referencing 5239:|entry-url-access= 5222:|contribution-url= 5110:|contribution-url= 4941:|display-authors=0 4937:|display-authors=2 4597:|editor-first1=... 4012: 3971: 3687: 3345:|id={{NCJ|122967}} 3312: 3213: 3056: 3022: 3008: 2947:. 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Displays preceded by 3386:(before April 2007) or 3341:|id=NCJ 122967 2598:Edition, series, volume 2223:|archive-date= 1587:when the lists use the 1583:displays name lists in 1082:|author-given= 1070:|author-first= 1013:|author#-last= 1009:|author-last#= 896:|script-title= 871:|script-entry= 859:|contribution= 838:|encyclopedia= 6401:Template documentation 6341:Citing Knowledge (XXG) 5599:User talk:Citation bot 5467:|ssrn-access= 5455:|osti-access= 5258:|section-url= 5210:|chapter-url= 5198:|article-url= 5131:|archive-url= 5122:|section-url= 5106:|chapter-url= 5102:|article-url= 4400:|quote-pages= 4376:|quote-pages= 4323:|quote-pages= 3815: 3412:value is a digit, use 3337:external link template 2958:|archive-url= 2925:|archive-url= 2911:|archive-url= 2902:|archive-url= 2885:|archive-url= 2868:|archive-url= 2838:|archive-url= 2219:|access-date= 2166:|date=c. 1900 2099: 2083:|lang=Russian 1005:|author-last= 1000:|section-url= 992:|chapter-url= 983:|institution= 969:|quote-pages= 428:audio or video serials 281:magazines, periodicals 99:audio and visual media 5543:, based on a list in 5534:Tracking of free DOIs 5419:|hdl-access= 5407:|doi-access= 5163:|url-access= 4969:|postscript= 4965:|postscript= 4603:|editor2=... 4491:Dr. Firstname M., Sr. 4372:|quote-page= 4345:. If hyphenated, use 4319:|quote-page= 4244:|title-link= 4217:|title-link= 4213:|title-link= 3384:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027 2881:|url-status= 2608:|edition=2nd 2075:|language=ru 1511:|author2=... 1327:|author=Bono 1220:Deprecated parameter 1168:|message-id= 965:|quote-page= 900:|book-title= 846:|dictionary= 814:|periodical= 761:Knowledge (XXG):COinS 749:This template embeds 7109:Place of publication 6533:TemplateData for PK2 6171:Scientific citations 6144:No original research 5760:public mailing lists 5502:|citeseerx= 5443:|ol-access= 5333:"Nifty example data" 5234:|entry-url= 5137:values if possible. 5114:|entry-url= 4917:display-interviewers 4905:display-contributors 4838:em spaces wide; set 4718:, as described above 4493:Do not wikilink—use 4483:Firstname Middlename 4163:) support a special 4049:Standard Book Number 4031:Request for Comments 3881:Mathematical Reviews 3786:or a space; example 3694:ISBN § Overview 3690:Knowledge (XXG):ISBN 3633:or a space; example 3582:10.1038/news070508-7 2321:|cs1-dates= 2313:|orig-date= 2227:|orig-date= 1505:|first1=... 1385:Do not wikilink—use 1375:Firstname Middlename 1128:|citeseerx= 979:|publisher= 822:|newspaper= 297:public mailing lists 233:radio or TV episodes 115:AV media liner notes 36:This template uses 8715: 6922:Year of publication 6553: 6551:Template parameters 6288:Shortened footnotes 5995:Cite AV media notes 5974:Audiovisual-related 5830:unpublished reports 5364: 5142: 4929:display-translators 4865:shortened footnotes 4830:to a numeric value 4716:|veditors= 4689:doubled parentheses 4392:|no-pp=yes 4343:|no-pp=yes 4100:corpus ID; example 3520:1974AJ.....79..819H 3260:HTML tag). 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6054: 6049: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6022: 6011: 6000: 5989: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5956: 5945: 5940:Cite CiteSeerX 5934: 5923: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5887: 5884: 5873: 5870: 5859: 5856: 5845: 5844:signs, plaques 5842: 5831: 5828: 5817: 5816:press releases 5814: 5803: 5800: 5795:Cite newsgroup 5789: 5786: 5775: 5772: 5761: 5758: 5747: 5744: 5733: 5730: 5719: 5716: 5711:Cite interview 5705: 5702: 5691: 5688: 5677: 5674: 5663: 5660: 5648: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5591: 5568: 5535: 5532: 5522:For embargoed 5520: 5519: 5517:|rfc= 5514: 5512:|pmc= 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5414:|hdl= 5410: 5409: 5404: 5402:|doi= 5398: 5397: 5387: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5273: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5165: 5160: 5158:|url= 5154: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5098:|url= 5086: 5085: 5077: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5044: 5033: 5016: 5015: 5014: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4971:is ignored if 4950: 4949: 4948: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4857: 4849: 4841: 4825: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4752: 4749: 4747:{{csdoc|lay}} 4744: 4741: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4698: 4697: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4638: 4632: 4625: 4616: 4606: 4591: 4583: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4553: 4552:editor-surname 4545: 4538: 4531: 4518: 4476: 4447:editor-surname 4422: 4419: 4418: 4417: 4416:. Alias: none. 4360: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4255: 4252: 4242:parameter (or 4240:|url= 4209:|url= 4189: 4174: 4170: 4161:|sbn= 4145:|doi= 4140: 4139: 4128:JFM 35.0387.02 4109: 4091: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4042: 4024: 4010:|pmid=17322060 3999: 3998: 3997: 3960:PubMed Central 3953: 3935: 3917: 3892: 3874: 3859:|lccn=79-57364 3848: 3841:|jstor=3793107 3830: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3769: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3730: 3706: 3673: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3604: 3571: 3564:10.1.1.176.341 3553: 3534:10.1101/078733 3523: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3399: 3357: 3356: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3263: 3262:|ref= 3255: 3244: 3238: 3237:|ref= 3228: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3201: 3200: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3063: 3062: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3016: 3015: 3014: 2993:archive-format 2990: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2976: 2970:|url= 2966:|url= 2951: 2937:|url= 2929:|url= 2918: 2915:|url= 2904: 2898:|url= 2894:|url= 2887: 2864:|url= 2850: 2834:|url= 2827: 2749: 2662:#ixzz2rBr3aO94 2645: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2624: 2623: 2612: 2611: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2559: 2521: 2471: 2458: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2347: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2281: 2264: 2247: 2246: 2195: 2194: 2179: 2170: 2169: 2164:", like this: 2158: 2135: 2134: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2061: 2060: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2007: 2006: 1995:| or 1993: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1851: 1850: 1840: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1814: 1803: 1794: 1780: 1775: 1763: 1755: 1740: 1733: 1722: 1715: 1702: 1650: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1618: 1617: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1558: 1552: 1541: 1532: 1514: 1499: 1488: 1481: 1456: 1449: 1438: 1431: 1418: 1368: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1284: 1276: 1268: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1237: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1204:|zbl= 1192:|rfc= 1184:|pmc= 1156:|jfm= 1144:|hdl= 1132:|doi= 1113: 1108: 1067: 1002: 988:|url= 985: 976: 971: 950: 937: 928: 915: 902: 889: 848: 801: 798: 782: 781: 746: 743: 739: 738: 734: 733: 732: 731: 716: 692: 682: 679: 677: 674: 673: 672: 659:Under the Oaks 647: 646: 627: 624: 621: 619: 616: 595: 592: 578: 577: 575: 574: 567: 560: 552: 549: 548: 533: 529: 528: 525: 513: 512: 509: 497: 496: 493: 481: 480: 474: 462: 461: 458: 446: 445: 444:signs, plaques 442: 430: 429: 426: 414: 413: 410: 398: 397: 396:press releases 394: 382: 381: 378: 366: 365: 362: 357:Cite newsgroup 350: 349: 346: 334: 333: 327: 315: 314: 311: 299: 298: 295: 283: 282: 279: 267: 266: 263: 251: 250: 247: 242:Cite interview 235: 234: 231: 219: 218: 215: 203: 202: 199: 187: 186: 183: 171: 170: 164: 159:Cite CiteSeerX 152: 151: 148: 136: 135: 129: 117: 116: 113: 101: 100: 97: 85: 84: 78: 56: 55: 53: 52: 41: 34: 23: 15: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8759: 8748: 8745: 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7246: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7231: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7162: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7067: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7044: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6947: 6945:Original date 6944: 6943: 6939: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6929: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6837: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6814: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6768: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6742: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6664: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6575: 6572: 6571: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6470: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6445: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6423: 6417: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6372:Cite messages 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350:Advanced help 6348: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6139:Verifiability 6137: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6119: 6114: 6112: 6107: 6105: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6086: 6081: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061:Documentation 6059: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6029: 6023: 6018: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5985: 5984:Cite AV media 5979: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5963: 5957: 5952: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5930: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5866: 5860: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5843: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5788:news articles 5787: 5782: 5776: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5759: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5740: 5739:Cite magazine 5734: 5731: 5726: 5720: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5689: 5684: 5683:Cite document 5678: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5641: 5637: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5618: 5616: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5581: 5577: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5438:|ol= 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5383: 5377: 5366: 5360: 5341: 5336:. 2021-04-15. 5334: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5299:registration 5271: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5161: 5155: 5144: 5138: 5093: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5075: 5067: 5065: 5057: 5045: 5034: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4974: 4954: 4951: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4872: 4866: 4861: 4853: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4822:or text. Set 4821: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4748: 4742: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4713: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4666: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4628: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4594: 4587: 4579: 4572: 4564: 4556: 4549: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4526:editor-first1 4523: 4519: 4516: 4515:editor1-given 4512: 4511:editor-given1 4508: 4504: 4503:editor1-first 4500: 4499:editor-first1 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4408: 4397: 4384:|at= 4370:. Use either 4365: 4361: 4351: 4335:|at= 4317:. Use either 4312: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4237: 4232: 4203: 4195: 4185: 4184:access status 4180: 4166: 4137: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4084:|ssrn=1900856 4081: 4077: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4013:See also the 4007: 4003: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3975: 3972:See also the 3965: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3946:|osti=4367507 3943: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3910:|oclc=9355469 3907: 3906:union catalog 3904: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3819: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3785: 3782:, but not an 3781: 3777: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3704: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3663: 3662:Handle System 3659: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3632: 3629:, but not an 3628: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3588:). Aliases: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3354: 3350: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3306: 3295: 3285: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3217: 3216:MOS:DATEUNIFY 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3068: 3060: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3012: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2975: 2963: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2919: 2905: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2862:to mark dead 2859: 2853: 2848: 2847: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2818:use mdy dates 2811: 2810:use dmy dates 2805: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2772: 2771:archive.today 2766: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2736:use mdy dates 2729: 2728:use dmy dates 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2708:For example, 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2681: 2675: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2407: 2406:MOS:DATEUNIFY 2399: 2396: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2336: 2335:use mdy dates 2328: 2327:use dmy dates 2317:|df= 2302: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2282: 2279: 2278:disambiguator 2275: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2241:use mdy dates 2234: 2233:use dmy dates 2208: 2204: 2197: 2196: 2193:can be added. 2180: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2053:Press release 2030: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1992: 1987: 1986: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1939:. Use of the 1938: 1934: 1931: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1825:collaboration 1823: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1771: 1767: 1759: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1736: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1642:: deprecated 1641: 1636: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1586: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1502: 1495: 1491: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1441: 1434: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1223:Replace with 1222: 1219: 1218: 1209: 1172:|mr= 1114: 1109: 1068: 1003: 986: 977: 972: 961:|at= 951: 938: 929: 916: 903: 890: 849: 812: 811: 810: 808: 799: 797: 768: 767: 766: 762: 756: 752: 744: 742: 736: 735: 729: 725: 721: 717: 714: 710: 706: 703: 702: 701: 697: 693: 691: 688: 687: 686: 680: 675: 661: 660: 654: 653: 652: 643: 642:Fort Victoria 639: 635: 634: 633: 625: 617: 615: 612: 593: 591: 589: 585: 573: 568: 566: 561: 559: 554: 553: 550: 547: 546: 540: 539: 534: 530: 526: 521: 514: 510: 505: 498: 494: 489: 482: 478: 475: 470: 463: 459: 454: 447: 443: 438: 431: 427: 422: 415: 411: 406: 399: 395: 390: 383: 379: 374: 367: 363: 358: 351: 348:news articles 347: 342: 335: 331: 328: 323: 316: 312: 307: 300: 296: 291: 284: 280: 275: 274:Cite magazine 268: 264: 259: 252: 248: 243: 236: 232: 227: 220: 216: 211: 204: 200: 195: 194:Cite document 188: 184: 179: 172: 168: 165: 160: 153: 149: 144: 137: 133: 130: 125: 118: 114: 109: 102: 98: 93: 92:Cite AV media 86: 82: 79: 74: 67: 63: 50: 46: 43: 42: 39: 35: 28: 27: 19: 8723: 8716: 8700: 8671: 8647: 8624: 8620:author9-link 8617:author-link9 8598: 8575: 8549: 8545:author8-link 8542:author-link8 8523: 8500: 8474: 8470:author7-link 8467:author-link7 8448: 8425: 8399: 8395:author6-link 8392:author-link6 8373: 8369:author6-link 8347: 8321: 8317:author5-link 8314:author-link5 8295: 8272: 8246: 8242:author4-link 8239:author-link4 8220: 8197: 8171: 8167:author3-link 8164:author-link3 8145: 8122: 8096: 8073: 8050: 8021: 7998: 7975: 7945: 7922: 7918:archive-date 7914:Archive date 7899: 7876: 7853: 7830: 7807: 7784: 7761: 7738: 7715: 7692: 7669: 7646: 7623: 7600: 7577: 7554: 7531: 7508: 7485: 7462: 7439: 7416: 7393: 7370: 7347: 7324: 7301: 7278: 7255: 7232: 7209: 7186: 7163: 7140: 7117: 7094: 7068: 7045: 7022: 6999: 6995:editor-first 6976: 6953: 6930: 6907: 6884: 6861: 6838: 6815: 6792: 6769: 6765:author2-link 6762:author-link2 6743: 6720: 6694: 6690:author1-link 6687:author-link1 6665: 6639: 6604: 6596:Source title 6581: 6550: 6544: 6537: 6532: 6531: 6528:Template:PK2 6520:VisualEditor 6512:TemplateData 6510:This is the 6506:TemplateData 6492: 6491: 6447:}} 6441:{{ 6436:}} 6430:{{ 6425:}} 6419:{{ 6414:}} 6408:{{ 6192:Find sources 6074:}} 6068:{{ 6031:}} 6025:{{ 6020:}} 6017:Cite podcast 6014:{{ 6009:}} 6006:Cite episode 6003:{{ 5998:}} 5992:{{ 5987:}} 5981:{{ 5965:}} 5959:{{ 5954:}} 5951:Cite medRxiv 5948:{{ 5943:}} 5937:{{ 5932:}} 5929:Cite bioRxiv 5926:{{ 5921:}} 5915:{{ 5896:}} 5890:{{ 5882:}} 5876:{{ 5868:}} 5862:{{ 5854:}} 5848:{{ 5840:}} 5834:{{ 5826:}} 5820:{{ 5812:}} 5806:{{ 5798:}} 5792:{{ 5784:}} 5778:{{ 5770:}} 5764:{{ 5756:}} 5750:{{ 5742:}} 5736:{{ 5728:}} 5725:Cite journal 5722:{{ 5714:}} 5708:{{ 5700:}} 5694:{{ 5686:}} 5680:{{ 5672:}} 5666:{{ 5658:}} 5652:{{ 5579: 5552: 5527: 5523: 5521: 5485: 5357:subscription 5353:registration 5345: 5325: 5269: 5186:subscription 5168:registration 5095: 5082:WP:URLACCESS 5063: 5052:subscription 5030:registration 4994: 4983: 4972: 4952: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4881:|author 4873:}} 4869:{{ 4855: 4847: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4823: 4812: 4807:subject-mask 4806: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4756: 4746: 4727: 4710: 4708: 4703: 4701: 4680: 4640: 4630: 4623: 4620:editor-link1 4619: 4613:editor-link1 4612: 4608: 4589: 4581: 4575:editor-given 4574: 4566: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4537:editor-first 4536: 4529: 4525: 4522:editor-last1 4521: 4514: 4510: 4507:editor-given 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4487:Firstname M. 4486: 4482: 4479:editor-first 4478: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4443:editor1-last 4442: 4439:editor-last1 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4410:}} 4404:{{ 4363: 4353:}} 4347:{{ 4310: 4302: 4285: 4282:script-quote 4281: 4276:script-quote 4275: 4272:Romanization 4267: 4264:script-quote 4263: 4259: 4235: 4233: 4205:}} 4202:cite journal 4199:{{ 4196: 4181: 4141: 4135: 4134:. Aliases: 4111: 4105: 4104:. Aliases: 4093: 4087: 4086:. Aliases: 4075: 4063: 4056: 4055:. Aliases: 4044: 4038: 4037:. Aliases: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3988:: Date that 3985: 3979: 3978:. Aliases: 3973: 3955: 3949: 3948:. Aliases: 3937: 3931: 3930:. Aliases: 3928:|ol=7030731M 3924:Open Library 3919: 3913: 3912:. Aliases: 3894: 3888: 3887:. Aliases: 3876: 3870: 3869:. Aliases: 3850: 3844: 3843:. Aliases: 3832: 3826: 3825:. Aliases: 3810: 3798: 3791: 3790:. Aliases: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3745: 3733: 3723:}} 3717:{{ 3709: 3700: 3675: 3669: 3668:. Aliases: 3657: 3645: 3638: 3637:. Aliases: 3618: 3606: 3596: 3589: 3573: 3555: 3525: 3511: 3427: 3421: 3420:. 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