Principate
JulioβClaudian dynasty
# | International Numismatic Club | American Numismatic Society | Classical Numismatic Group | Other | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gold | Gold | Silver | Gold | Silver | |||
1 | Augustus βAD 14 |
1 BC |
2 BC β AD 4 |
18 BC |
AD 14 |
18 BC |
27 β 18 BC |
2 | Tiberius 14β37 |
AD 19 |
AD 16 |
AD 16 |
AD 16 |
~AD 30 |
14 β 37 AD |
3 | Caligula 37β41 |
AD 40 |
AD 38 |
AD 40 |
AD 38 |
AD 40 | |
4 | Claudius 41β54 |
AD 42 |
AD 44 |
~AD 45 |
AD 42 |
AD 41-54 |
AD 52 |
5 | Nero 54β68 |
AD 66β68 |
AD 65 |
AD 65 |
AD 65 |
AD 66 |
AD 64 |
Year of the Four Emperors
# | International Numismatic Club | American Numismatic Society | Classical Numismatic Group | Other | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gold | Gold | Silver | Gold | Silver | |||
6 | Galba 68β69 |
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7 | Otho 69 |
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8 | Vitellius 69 |
Flavian dynasty
# | International Numismatic Club | American Numismatic Society | Classical Numismatic Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | Vespasian 69β79 |
AD 70 |
AD 75β79 |
AD 73 |
AD 76 |
AD 71 |
AD 76 |
10 | Titus 79β81 |
AD 79 |
AD 75 |
AD 80 |
AD 80 |
AD 76 |
AD 79 |
11 | Domitian 81β96 |
AD 87 |
AD 81 |
AD 88 |
AD 81 |
AD 86 |
AD 86 |
NervaβAntonine dynasty
# | International Numismatic Club | American Numismatic Society | Classical Numismatic Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 | Nerva 96β98 |
AD 96 |
AD 96 |
AD 97 |
AD 97 | ||
AD 98 |
AD 98 | ||||||
13 | Trajan 98β117 |
AD 108β110 |
AD 116β117 |
AD 98β117 |
AD 112β114 |
AD 113 |
AD 105 |
AD 114β117 |
AD 107 |
AD 116 |
AD 103β111 |
AD 117 |
AD 117 | ||
14 | Hadrian 117β138 |
AD 119β122 |
AD 117 |
AD 134β138 |
AD 134β138 |
AD 134β138 |
AD 134β138 |
15 | Antoninus 138β161 |
AD 154 |
AD 149 |
AD 154 |
AD 134β138 |
AD 97 |
AD 140β144 |
16 | Lucius 161β169 |
AD 164 |
AD 163 |
AD 165 |
AD 164 |
AD 164 |
AD 166 |
17 | Marcus 161β180 |
AD 167 |
AD 153 |
AD 170 |
AD 166 |
AD 167 |
AD 167 |
18 | Commodus 180β192 |
AD 187 |
AD 176 |
AD 182 |
AD 170 |
AD 187 |
AD 182 |
Year of the Five Emperors
# | International Numismatic Club | American Numismatic Society | Classical Numismatic Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Pertinax 193 |
|||||
20 | Julian 193 |
Severan dyansty
# | International Numismatic Club | American Numismatic Society | Classical Numismatic Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | Severus 193β211 |
AD 202 |
AD 194 |
AD 194 |
AD 202β210 |
AD 204 |
AD 198β211 |
22 | Geta 211 |
AD 200β202 |
AD 211 |
AD 210β212 |
AD 210 |
AD 205β207 | |
23 | Caracalla 211β217 |
AD 217 |
AD 203 |
AD 202β210 |
AD 202β210 |
AD 210 |
AD 215β217 |
24 | Macrinus 217β218 |
AD 217 |
AD 217β218 |
AD 218 |
AD 217β218 | ||
25 | Elagabalus 218β222 |
AD 219 |
AD 219 |
AD 218β222 |
AD 218β222 |
AD 218β219 |
AD 218β222 |
26 | Alexander 222β235 |
AD 222 |
AD 228 |
AD 230 |
AD 227 |
AD 227 |
~AD 230 |
Crisis of the 3rd century
# | INC / ANS / Other | CNG | INC / ANS / Other | CNG | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27 | Maximinus I 235β238 |
28 | Gordian I 238 |
||||
29 | Gordian II 238 |
30 | Pupienus 238 |
||||
31 | Balbinus 238 |
32 | Gordian III 238 |
||||
33 | Philip 244β249 |
34 | Decius 249β251 |
||||
35 | Gallus 251β253 |
36 | Volusian 251β253 |
||||
37 | Aemilian 253 |
38 | Valerian 253β260 |
||||
39 | Gallienus 253β268 |
40 | Claudius II 268β270 |
||||
41 | Quintillus 270 |
42 | Aurelian 270β275 |
||||
43 | Tacitus 275β276 |
44 | Florian 276 |
||||
45 | Probus 276β282 |
46 | Carus 282β283 |
||||
47 | Numerian 283β284 |
48 | Carinus 283β285 |
Dominate / Diarchy
Tetrarchy
# | Other | ANS | CNG | Front bust | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
49
East |
Diocletian 284β305 |
AD 287 |
AD 304 |
AD 295 |
AD 288 |
AD 303 |
|
50
West |
Maximian 286β305 |
AD 295 |
AD 295β303 |
AD 295 |
AD 286 |
AD 303 | |
51
East |
Galerius 305β311 |
AD 306 |
AD 310 |
AD 305 |
AD 303 | ||
52
West |
Constantius I 305β306 |
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53
West |
Severus II 306β307 |
||||||
54
West |
Maxentius 306β307 |
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55 | Licinius 308β324 |
||||||
56
East |
Maximinus II 310β313 |
||||||
57
West |
Valens I 316β317 |
||||||
58
West |
Martinian 324 |
Constantinian dynasty
# | INC | ANS | CNG | Front bust | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
59 | Constantine I 306β337 |
AD 325 |
AD 315 |
AD 321 |
AD 320 |
AD 313 |
AD 315 |
60
West |
Constantine II 337β340 |
AD 325 |
AD 317β337 |
AD 321 |
AD 330 |
||
61
West |
Constans 337β350 |
AD 340β350 |
AD 340β350 |
AD 340β350 |
AD 348 |
AD 348β350 | |
62
West |
Magnentius 350β353 |
||||||
63
West |
Nepotianus 350 |
||||||
64
West |
Vetranio 350 |
||||||
65 | Constantius II 337β361 |
AD 355β361 |
AD 355β361 |
AD 347β355 |
AD 340β350 |
AD 351 |
AD 350β361 |
66 | Julian II 361β363 |
||||||
67 | Jovian 363β364 |
Valentinian dynasty
# | INC | ANS | CNG | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
68
West |
Valentinian I 364β375 |
AD 367β375 |
AD 367β375 |
AD 364β367 |
AD 372 |
AD 364β367 |
69
East |
Valens II 364β378 |
AD 375β378 |
AD 367β375 |
AD 367β375 |
AD 364 |
AD 364β378 |
70
East |
Procopius 364β366 |
|||||
71
West |
Gratian 375β383 |
|||||
72
West |
Maximus I 383β388 |
|||||
73
West |
Valentinian II 388β392 |
|||||
74
West |
Eugenius 392β394 |
|||||
75 | Theodosius I 379β395 |
AD 383β388 |
AD 381 |
AD 364β367 |
AD 380 |
AD 364β367 |
Fall of the West
ANS | CNG | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right facing | Front facing | Silver | Right facing | Front facing | Silver | ||
76
East |
Arcadius 395β408 |
AD 397β402 |
AD 403 |
AD 392β395 |
AD 388β392 |
AD 408 |
AD 422 |
77
West |
Honorius 395β423 |
AD 408β423 |
AD 422 |
AD 402β408 |
AD 397β402 |
AD 421 |
AD 402 |
78
West |
Constantine III 407β411 |
||||||
79
East |
Theodosius II 408β450 |
||||||
80
West |
Attalus 409β410 |
||||||
81
West |
Constantius III 407β411 |
||||||
82
West |
John I 423β425 |
||||||
83
West |
Valentinian III 425β455 |
||||||
84
East |
Marcian 450β457 |
||||||
85
West |
Maximus II 455 |
||||||
86
West |
Avitus 455β456 |
||||||
87
East |
Leo I 457β474 |
||||||
88
West |
Majorian 457β461 |
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89
West |
Severus III 461β465 |
||||||
90
West |
Anthemius 467β472 |
||||||
91
West |
Olybrius 472 |
||||||
92
West |
Glycerius 473β474 |
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93
West |
Nepos 474β480 |
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94
East |
Leo II 474 |
||||||
95
East |
Zeno 474β491 |
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96
East |
Basiliscus 475β476 |
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97
West |
Romulus 475β476 |
||||||
98
East |
Anastasius I 491β518 |
Early Byzantine
Justinian dynasty
# | Classical Numismatic Group | Dumbarton Oaks | Other | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
99 | Justin I 518β527 |
|||||
100 | Justinian I 527β565 |
|||||
101 | Justin II 565β578 |
|||||
102 | Tiberius II 572β582 |
|||||
103 | Maurice 582β602 |
|||||
104 | Phocas 602β610 |
Heraclian dynasty
# | INC | DO | CNG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
105 | Heraclius 610β641 |
613β629 |
610β613 |
610β613 |
610β613 |
610β613 |
610β613 |
106 | Constantine III 641 |
629β632 |
629β632 |
629β632 | |||
107 | Heraclonas 641 |
638 |
638 |
||||
108 | Constans II 641β668 |
661β668 |
641β646 |
651β668 |
651β654 |
641β646 |
654β668 |
641β651 |
641β651 |
||||||
109 | Constantine IV 668β685 |
661β668 |
681β685 |
681β685 |
669β674 | ||
110 | Justinian II 685β695 705β711 |
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Twenty-Years Anarchy
# | INC | DO | CNG | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
111 | Leontius 695β698 |
||||
112 | Tiberius III 698β705 |
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113 | Philippicus 711β713 |
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114 | Anastasius II 713β715 |
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115 | Theodosius III 715β717 |
Isaurian dynasty
# | INC | DO | CNG | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
116 | Leo III 717β741 |
720β725 |
720 |
724β731 |
724β731 |
117 | Constantine V 741β775 |
||||
118 | Artabasdos 741 / 742 |
||||
119 | Leo IV 775β780 |
||||
120 | Constantine VI 780β797 |
||||
121 | Irene 797β802 |
Nikephorian dynasty
# | INC | DO | CNG | |
---|---|---|---|---|
122 | Nikephoros I 802β811 |
|||
123 | Staurakios 811 |
|||
124 | Michael I 811β813 |
|||
125 | Leo V 813β820 |
Amorian dynasty
# | INC | DO | CNG | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
126 | Michael II 820β829 |
||||
127 | Theophilos 829β842 |
||||
128 | Michael III 842β867 |
Middle Byzantine
Macedonian dynasty
# | INC | DO | CNG | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
129 | Basil I 867β886 |
|||||
130 | Leo VI 886β912 |
|||||
131 | Alexander II 912β913 |
|||||
132 | Constantine VII 913β959 |
|||||
133 | Romanos I 920β944 |
|||||
134 | Romanos II 959β963 |
|||||
135 | Nikephoros II 963β969 |
|||||
136 | John I 969β976 |
|||||
137 | Basil II 976β1025 |
|||||
138 | Constantine VIII 1025β1028 |
|||||
139 | Romanos III 1028β1034 |
|||||
140 | Michael IV 1034β1041 |
|||||
141 | Michael V 1041β1042 |
|||||
142 | Zoe 1042β1050 |
|||||
143 | Theodora 1042β1056 |
|||||
144 | Constantine IX 1042β1055 |
|||||
145 | Michael VI 1055β1056 |
|||||
146 | Isaac I 1056β1057 |
Doukas dynasty
# | INC | DO | CNG | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
147 | Constantine X 1057β1067 |
||||
148 | Romanos IV 1068β1071 |
||||
149 | Michael VII 1071β1078 |
||||
150 | Nikephoros III 1078β1081 |
Komnenos dynasty
# | INC | DO | CNG | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
151 | Alexios I 1081β1118 |
||||
152 | John II 1118β1143 |
||||
153 | Manuel I 1143β1180 |
||||
154 | Alexios II 1080β1183 |
||||
155 | Andronikos I 1083β1185 |
Angelos dynasty
# | DO | CNG | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
156 | Isaac II 1185β1195 |
|||
157 | Alexios III 1195β1203 |
|||
158 | Alexios IV 1203β1204 |
|||
159 | Alexios V 1204 |
Late Byzantine
FlandersβCourtenay / Latin Empire
SO | SO | SO | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Baldwin I 1204β1205 |
2 | Henry 1205β1216 |
3 | Peter 1216β1217 |
|||
4 | Robert I 1221β1228 |
5 | Henry 1229β1237 |
6 | Baldwin II 1237β1261 |
Grand Komnenos / Empire of Trebizond
CNG | CNG | CNG | CNG | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alexios I 1204β1222 |
2 | Andronikos I 1222β1235 |
3 | John I 1235β1238 |
||||||
4 | Manuel I 1238β1263 |
5 | Andronikos II 1263β1266 |
6 | George 1266β1280 |
7 | John II 1280β1297
|
Komnenos Doukas / Empire of Thessalonica
DO | CNG | DO | CNG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Theodore 1224β1230 |
2 | Manuel 1230β1237 |
||||
3 | John 1237β1242 |
Laskaris / Empire of Nicaea
# | DO | CNG | DO | CNG | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Theodore I 1208β1222 |
2 | John III 1222β1254 |
||||
3 | Theodore II 1254β1258 |
4 | John IV 1258β1261 |
Palaiologos / Fall of the East
# | DO | CNG | |
---|---|---|---|
160 | Michael VIII 1261β1282 |
||
161 | Andronikos II 1282β1328 |
||
162 | Michael IX 1294β1320 |
||
163 | Andronikos III 1328β1341 |
||
164 | John V 1341β1391 |
||
165 | John VI 1347β1354 |
||
166 | Andronikos IV 1376β1379 |
||
167 | John VII 1390 |
||
168 | Manuel II 1391β1425 |
||
169 | John VIII 1425β1449 |
||
170 | Constantine XI 1449β1453 |
Notes
- "Bootsie"; his birth name was "Gaius Julius Caesar", just like that other guy.
- Both Vespasian and Titus were born as "Titus Caesar Vespasianus", very original. Titus then should be known as "Vespasian II", but historians preferred to call him by his praenomen. Their official nomenclature at least varied a bit.
- Actually a nickname; he ruled as "Marcus Aurelius Antoninus" (or Antoninus II).
- Actually a nickname; he reigned, yet again, as "Marcus Aurelius Antoninus" (or Antoninus III).
- "Galerius" full name was Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus. His coins only bear the name "Maximianus", and ancient writers like Eutropius call him "Galerius Maximianus". In any other context he would be known as "Maximianus II", but historians have preferred Galerius.
- Often called "Valerius Valens", which is weird.
- With a few exceptions along the way. Coins become really ugly from this point onwards, meaning that is harder to find "good" coins.
- Silver coinage saw only marginal production and circulation in the Byzantine world. In the eastern part of the empire, silver coins were struck only sporadically.
- No coin of Constantine III's reign has survived.
- Right-facing coins seem to have dissappear after the reign of Constans II.
- Latin in coins was replaced to Greek after Leo III's monetary reforms.
- The abundance of co-emperorships during this period makes it hard to obtain "solo" portraits.
- Not a single coin of Alexios V has survived.
- The emperors of Trebizond renounced their claim to the throne in 1282, when they dropped the title "basileus of the Romans" and replacing it with "basileus of the East, Iberia, and Perateia" (even tho they didn't rule over any of that).