Knowledge (XXG)

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A Technical Collaboration Guideline (TCG) has been drafted by the Wikimedia Foundation's Technical Collaboration team, led by Keegan Peterzell. The TCG documents best practices for involving the Wikimedia communities in technical developments and deployments. It focuses on communication and collaboration, rather than software creation processes, as development plans, goals, and expectations can vary between projects. The draft TCG has sections on software development principles, prioritisation, private planning, milestone communication, translation, and community decisions.

The initial TCG draft was based on discussions with the WMF's Community Liaisons and Product managers, reflecting on how to encourage collaboration, and past communication success and failures. Over the past few years, there have been multiple controversial product deployments, such as the VisualEditor (see previous Signpost coverage) and Media Viewer (see previous Signpost coverage).

The community is invited to review the proposed guideline and leave feedback. Discussion to date has focused on managing the translation load. E

Citation templates form an integral part of Knowledge (XXG) and are intimately linked to our policies on verifiability through reliable sources. Citation templates are currently used on more than 3,000,000 articles on the English Knowledge (XXG). They are used to quickly format references and benefit from advanced logic that provides additional functionality; they facilitate both error-checking and bot-assistance maintenance, and integrate themselves with tools that allow for the automated filling of these templates based on external bibliographic databases such as CrossRef. For instance,

*{{cite journal |last1=Luallen |first1=R. J. |display-authors=etal |year=2016 |title=Discovery of a Natural Microsporidian Pathogen with a Broad Tissue Tropism in ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' |journal=PLOS Pathogens |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=e1005724 |doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1005724}}

will display the following fully formatted, machine-readable reference:

• Luallen, R. J.; et al. (2016). "Discovery of a Natural Microsporidian Pathogen with a Broad Tissue Tropism in Caenorhabditis elegans". PLOS Pathogens. 12 (6): e1005724. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005724. PMC 4928854. PMID 27362540.

Over the past few months, Trappist the monk, Pintoch, Headbomb, and many commenters have toiled on citation templates to facilitate the flagging of freely accessible content, in line with Knowledge (XXG)'s commitment to promoting free culture and open access where possible. As part of the overhaul, access icons have been designed to be displayed for various levels of access:

– for a full version of a source that is freely accessible, with no conditions

– for a full version of a source that is freely accessible, with some conditions (e.g. free registration is required, only the first 5 reads are free, etc.)

– for a full version of a source that is not freely accessible (e.g. paid subscription is required).

The appearance of these icons is currently under debate, and should not yet be considered final or set in stone. The access icons are supported by both Citation Style 1 (like {{cite book}} and {{cite journal}}) and Citation Style 2 ({{citation}}) templates. Identifier templates like {{arxiv}}, {{bibcode}}, and {{doi}} will be updated to match the behaviour of the citation templates so that manually formatted references can benefit from the new locks. The exact behaviour of the citation templates as to when those locks should be displayed is also currently under debate. What is presented below is the as-of-writing behaviour of the template, after the first round of updates, and should not yet be considered final.

URL

Because links from |url= are normally freely available, non-free links (given in |url=) can now be flagged as restricted/non-free via |url-access=

• |url-access=free – unsupported, per the convention that unflagged URLs should be free. If it does become supported, it will display a green open lock, for when full versions are freely accessible to everyone
• |url-access=registration – will display a yellow dashed lock, for when a free registration is required to access the full version of an article
• |url-access=limited – will display a yellow dashed lock, for when free access is provided on a limited basis, for example if only the first few views of an article are free
• |url-access=subscription – will display a red closed lock, for when payment is required to access the source.

The |registration=yes and |subscription=yes options are now discouraged, and should be replaced with |url-access=registration and |url-access=subscription, respectively. This will resolve the ambiguity of the message in a case like:

• (old) Smith, J. (2016). "Fictitious title". Fictitious Journal. 1 (2): 3. arXiv:1234.1345. doi:10.1234/123456. (registration required (help))

where it is unclear which link requires registration; whereas the new style will make it clear:

• (new) Smith, J. (2016). "Fictitious title". Fictitious Journal. 1 (2): 3. arXiv:1001.1234. doi:10.1234/123456.

Whether the templates should support |url-access=free to display green locks after the primary link is currently under debate. The full deprecation of |registration=yes and |subscription=yes will depend on the outcome of the RFC.

Always-free identifiers

Several identifiers, namely:

• |arxiv= – for arXiv preprints like arXiv:1001.1234,
• |biorxiv= (new!) – for bioRxiv preprints bioRxiv 047720,
• |citeseerx= (new!) – for papers available on CiteSeerX like CiteSeer: 10.1.1.220.7880,
• |pmc= – for papers available on PubMed Central like PMC 50050,
• |rfc= – for Request for Comments like RFC 125,
• |ssrn= – for papers available on the Social Science Research Network like SSRN 871210,

will always link to freely available sources, and will automatically display the green open lock.

Sometimes-free identifiers

Identifiers that link to sometimes freely available full versions can now be flagged with |<id>-access=free, where <id> stands for the associated identifier parameter. That is:

• |bibcode-access=free – to flag a free |bibcode= like Bibcode:1974AJ.....79..819H,
• |doi-access=free – to flag a free |doi= like doi:10.4204/EPTCS.172.23,
• |hdl-access=free – to flag a free |hdl= like hdl:1808/3638,
• |jstor-access=free – to flag a free |jstor= like JSTOR 10.1086/673276,
• |ol-access=free – to flag a free |ol= like OL 25894862M,
• |osti-access=free – to flag a free |osti= like OSTI 4435330.

Whether the templates should support |<id>-access=limited/registration/subscription to display yellow and red locks after these identifiers is currently under debate.

Always non-free identifiers

Non-free identifier, or identifiers that never link to full versions of the reference, remain plain. These include:

• |asin= – e.g. ASIN B00086U61Y,
• |isbn= – e.g. ISBN 0-7475-3269-9,
• |ismn= – e.g. ISMN 979-0-2600-0043-8,
• |issn= – e.g. ISSN 0028-0836,
• |jfm= – e.g. JFM 54.0271.04,
• |lccn= – e.g. LCCN 89-456,
• |mr= – e.g. MR0123456,
• |oclc= – e.g. OCLC 632791477,
• |pmid= – e.g. PMID 123456,
• |zbl= – e.g. Zbl 06626752.

Whether the templates should support |<id>-access=limited/registration/subscription to display yellow and red locks after these identifiers is currently under debate.

But what does this mean for me?

Flagging free-to-read identifiers (or articles that are not free-to-read) is optional: no one is required to make use of the new features of the citation templates. However, those who like to go the extra mile should easily be able to adapt to the new system.

If you cite freely accessible sources with a template like {{cite web|url=http://www.example.com|title=...}}, or offline sources through templates like {{cite book}}, there is (as of now) no need to change how you do things. However, if you cite registration- or subscription-based online mainstream publications, it is best to add |url-access=registration or |url-access=subscription. These replace the current |registration=yes and |subscription=yes (which are now discouraged and will likely be phased out over the next few months), or alternatively, the need to append {{registration required}} and {{subscription required}} templates after citations.

If you cite scientific journals with a template like {{cite journal|doi=10.1234/123456|title=...}}, it can be tricky to determine whether the source is freely accessible, especially if you work in academia or are a college/university student. Academic institutions will often have subscriptions, and all internet traffic going through the institution's servers will be granted access. For those reasons, it is best if you verify whether a source is free to read when you are at home before adding |doi-access=free, unless you know the journal has an open-access policy. (The same applies for the other identifiers, like |jstor= and |jstor-access=free.)

New bots like User:OAbot will be developed to make use of the new parameters (subject to trial and community consensus), while existing bots like User:Citation bot and User:Bibcode Bot can be updated to make use of them.

I don't use citation templates. Does this affect me?

If you don't use citation templates, then this shouldn't affect you. However, if you do make use of identifier templates like {{arxiv}}, {{bibcode}}, and {{doi}}, those will be updated to match the behaviour of the citation templates. If they end up supporting only |doi-access=free, so will {{doi}}. But if they end up supporting |doi-access=free/limited/registration/subscription, then so too will {{doi}}.

Community resources and coordinated efforts

Readers interested in improving the flagging of free-to-read sources can coordinate efforts at WP:SIGNAL, a subsection of WikiProject Open Access. If you have an idea for a new bot but lack the technical skill or time to make one, you can make request for one at WP:BOTREQ. If you know of additional identifiers (especially free ones) that should be supported by citation templates, make a request at Help:CS1. H

New user scripts to customise your Knowledge (XXG) experience

• listPageOptions (source) by User:PerfektesChaos – Auxiliary functions for your watchlist (toggle display options; unwatch; mark as visited; hide certain types of pages and edits) and for Recent changes (toggle "group by page"; hide certain types of pages and edits).
• WatchlistResetConfirm (source) by User:NQ – Adds a confirmation dialogue to the "Mark all pages as visited" button and resets the watchlist faster, without refreshing the page.

Newly approved bot tasks

• OmniBot (task 6) – Remove requests for an infobox on article talk pages when the article in question already has an infobox.
• PrimeBOT (approval) – Remove instances of a template which is being deleted.
• PrimeBOT (task 2) – Convert category lists to wikilinks in draft pages.
• BU RoBOT (task 28) – Tag articles for WikiProject Basketball.

Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community: 2016 #42, #43, & #44. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available on Meta.

• Changes this week
  • Now you can use autocomplete for page names in "Preview page with this template (what's this?)" field when editing templates. (Phabricator task T148324)
  • Special:NewPages can now be filtered by page size. (Phabricator task T12817)
• Recent changes
  • There is a new newsletter from the Collaboration team at the Wikimedia Foundation. It will have more details about for example Flow and notifications. You can read the first issue.
  • The "Search" text in the search box will show the name of the project. For example, on Knowledge (XXG) it will say "Search Knowledge (XXG)". (Phabricator task T144640)
  • About a dozen wikis now have numerical sorting in categories. If your wiki wants numerical sorting in categories you can ask for it. (Phabricator task T146675)
  • Some wikis that want numerical sorting in categories can also ask to use UCA to sort categories. The biggest difference is that characters with diacritics will be sorted together. For example, for most languages Ä will be sorted with A instead of at the end of the alphabet. This is not true for languages that have Ä as a character in their alphabet. Wikis that already use UCA are listed on Meta. Languages that can use UCA are listed on MediaWiki.org. You can test it.
  • Now you can include Commons video films with subtitles in your wiki language. Before you could see translated videos on file page at Commons only. (Phabricator task T122737)
  • Search now has an updated preference tab to configure the search completion suggester. (Phabricator task T148010)
  • VisualEditor is now available on all wikis that use only one language script. (Phabricator task T142589)
• Problems
  • Some users got a warning about Knowledge (XXG)'s security certificate on 13 October. The warnings reflected a problem with GlobalSign, which has now been fixed. Only a small number of users, with specific web browser/operating system combinations, got the warning. (Wikitech incident documentation)
  • Editors couldn't edit semi-protected pages in the Knowledge (XXG) app for Android. This has now been fixed in the beta version. (Phabricator task T132834)
  • The abuse filters had a problem and caught too many edits. This has now been fixed. (Phabricator task T148673)

Cream of the crop

Fourteen featured articles were promoted.

• The Divisional Cavalry Regiment (nominated by Kges1901) was an armoured cavalry regiment of the 2nd New Zealand Division during the Second World War and was New Zealand's first armoured unit. It served as a reconnaissance force for the 2nd New Zealand Division. Formed in 1939, the regiment embarked for Egypt in 1940. It fought with the division, as part of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force, in Greece, Crete, North Africa and Italy. The regiment formed part of J Force, New Zealand's contribution to the occupation of Japan at the end of the war. Stationed in southern Kyushu, it was disbanded in 1947.
• SMS Kaiser Karl der Grosse (nominated by Parsecboy) was a German pre-dreadnought battleship of the Kaiser Friedrich III class, built around the turn of the 20th century for the Kaiserliche Marine. It was built in Hamburg, at the Blohm and Voss shipyard. Completed in 1902, it served with the active fleet until 1908, when it was withdrawn from active service and placed in the Reserve Division. At the outbreak of World War I, the ship was placed back in active duty as a coastal defense ship, though in 1915 she was again placed in reserve. Kaiser Karl der Grosse was briefly used as a training ship and ended her career as a prison ship. Following the German defeat in 1918, she was sold to ship-breakers and scrapped in 1920. The ship was armed with four 24 cm (9.4 in) guns in two twin gun turrets and had a top speed of 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph).
• Weird Tales (nominated by Mike Christie) is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in 1923. The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble. Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher to Lansinger and refinanced Weird Tales, with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor. The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years. In 1938 the magazine was sold to William Delaney, and within two years Wright was replaced by Dorothy McIlwraith as editor. The magazine is considered by critics to have declined under McIlwraith from its heyday in the 1930s. Weird Tales ceased publication in 1954, but since then numerous attempts have been made to relaunch it, starting in 1973. The longest-lasting version began in 1988 and ran for over 20 years under an assortment of publishers. As of 2016, the most recent published issue was dated Spring 2014.
• Neal Dow (nominated by Coemgenus) (1804–1897) was an American prohibition advocate and politician. In 1850, Dow was elected president of the Maine Temperance Union, and the next year was elected mayor of Portland. As mayor of Portland, Dow enforced the Maine Law with vigor and called for increasingly harsh penalties for violators. In 1855, his opponents rioted and he ordered the state militia to fire on the crowd. One man was killed and several wounded, and when public reaction to the violence turned against Dow, he chose not to face the voters for reelection. Dow was later elected to two terms in the state legislature, but retired after a financial scandal. He joined the Union Army shortly after the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, eventually attaining the rank of brigadier general. In 1880, Dow headed the Prohibition Party ticket for President of the United States. He gained very few votes, but continued to write and speak on behalf of the prohibition movement for the rest of his life.
• Secretariat (nominated by Montanabw and Jlvsclrk) (1970–1989) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who, in 1973, became the first Triple Crown winner in 25 years. During his racing career, he won five Eclipse Awards, and was elected to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1974. His record-breaking win in the Belmont Stakes, where he left the field 31 lengths behind him, is widely regarded as one of the greatest races of all time.
• Hope (nominated by Iridescent) is a Symbolist oil painting by the English painter George Frederic Watts, the first two versions of which were completed in 1886. Radically different from previous treatments of the subject, it shows a lone blindfolded female figure sitting on a globe, playing a lyre which has only a single string remaining. The background is almost blank, its only visible feature a single star. Watts intentionally used symbolism not traditionally associated with hope to make the painting's meaning ambiguous. While his use of colour in Hope was greatly admired, at the time of its exhibition many critics disliked the painting. Hope proved popular with the Aesthetic Movement, who considered beauty the primary purpose of art and were unconcerned by the ambiguity of its message. In the 20th century Martin Luther King Jr. and Jeremiah Wright both based influential sermons on the painting. Obama took "The Audacity of Hope" as the theme of his 2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address, and as the title of his 2006 book; he based his successful 2008 presidential campaign around the theme of "Hope".
• Heavy metals (nominated by Sandbh) are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context. More specific definitions have been published but none of these have been widely accepted. The definitions surveyed in this article encompass up to 96 out of the 118 chemical elements; only mercury, lead and bismuth meet all of them. Despite this lack of agreement the term is widely used in science.
• Eega (nominated by Pavanjandhyala) is a 2012 Indian bilingual fantasy film written by K. V. Vijayendra Prasad and directed by his son, S. S. Rajamouli. It was produced by Varahi Chalana Chitram with an estimated budget of ₹260 to 400 million, and was made simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil. The narrative of Eega is in the form of a bedtime story told by a father to his daughter. Its protagonist is Nani, who is in love with his neighbour Bindu. Nani is murdered by a wealthy businessman named Sudeep, who is attracted to Bindu and considers Nani a rival. Nani reincarnates as a housefly and tries to protect Bindu while avenging his death. The performances of the principal cast, Rajamouli's direction, and visual effects received critical acclaim upon release.
• Chad Harris-Crane (nominated by Aoba47) is a fictional character on the American soap opera Passions, which aired on NBC from 1999 to 2007 and on DirecTV in 2007–08. Developed by the soap's creator and head writer James E. Reilly, Chad was portrayed by two actors over the course of the show: Donn Swaby and Charles Divins. Critical response to Chad was mixed; some reviewers praised the sensationalism of the incest storyline with Whitney Russell, while others criticized his relationship with Vincent Clarkson as an irresponsible and problematic representation of racial and sexual identity. The character marks a notable step in daytime television and soap opera history; as it was the first depiction in a soap opera of two men having sex. Chad has also been cited as expanding the representation of LGBT characters of color on daytime television.
• Ontario Highway 420 (nominated by Floydian) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects the Queen Elizabeth Way with downtown Niagara Falls. It continues east as a limited-access expressway to connect with the Rainbow Bridge international crossing between Canada and the United States over the Niagara River. West of the Queen Elizabeth Way, the freeway ends at an at-grade intersection with Montrose Road.
• The Cleveland Centennial half dollar (nominated by Wehwalt) is a commemorative United States half dollar struck at the Philadelphia Mint in 1936 and 1937, though all bear the earlier date. It was issued to mark the 100th anniversary of Cleveland, Ohio as an incorporated city, and in commemoration of the Great Lakes Exposition, held in Cleveland in 1936.
• HMS Alceste (nominated by Ykraps) was built at Rochefort in 1804 for the French Navy as Minerve, an Armide-class frigate. The British seized her in an action in 1806, and the Royal Navy took the ship into service as Alceste in 1807; Alceste then continued to serve throughout the Napoleonic Wars. In 1814, Alceste was converted to a troopship and used to transport British soldiers to North America during the War of 1812. Following the Treaty of Paris in 1815, Alceste carried Lord Amherst on his 1816 diplomatic mission to China. On the return journey, she struck a reef in the Java Sea; her wreck was subsequently plundered and burned by Malayan pirates.
• "Don't Say You Love Me" (nominated by Freikorp) is the debut single by M2M. The song first appeared on Radio Disney before its official US radio and single release in 1999. It was released on the soundtrack to the film Pokémon: The First Movie and appears in the film's closing credits. The song was featured on M2M's debut album, Shades of Purple, and also appeared on their compilation album The Day You Went Away: The Best of M2M. The song received positive reviews. It reached number 2 in Norway, number 4 in both Australia and New Zealand, number 16 in the UK and number 21 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was certified gold in the United States and Australia and remained M2M's biggest hit.
• The Turboliners (nominated by Mackensen) were a family of gas turbine trainsets built for Amtrak in the 1970s. They were among the first new equipment purchased by Amtrak and represented an attempt to update its fleet with faster, more modern trains. The new trains led to ridership increases wherever they were used; the fixed consist proved a detriment as demand outstripped supply. The last Turboliner trainsets left revenue service in 2003.

Six featured lists were promoted.

• Alyssa Milano (born 1972) is an American actress, producer, and former singer. She recorded songs (nominated by Aoba47) for four studio albums, two compilation albums, and an exercise video.
• In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoueverable, long-distance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers. Sixteen destroyers have served, or currently serve, in the Indian Navy. (nominated by Krishna Chaitanya Velaga) The navy operates 10 guided-missile destroyers from three classes: Kolkata class, Delhi class, and Rajput class. Six other destroyers (three R class and three Hunt class) have been decommissioned and scrapped.
• Square Enix Europe is a British video game publisher which is wholly owned by Square Enix. Square Enix acquired game publisher Eidos plc in 2009, which was then merged with Square Enix's European publishing wing and reorganized as Square Enix Europe. Since its formation Square Enix Europe published 35 retail, downloadable, and mobile games. (nominated by PresN)
• In professional wrestling, championships are competed for in pre-determined matches and as a result of storylines by a professional wrestling promotion roster of wrestlers. As of 2016 the Mexican Lucha libre or professional wrestling promotion known as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre promotes 23 different championships (nominated by MPJ-DK); 12 championships designated as World Championships in various divisions, 5 championships on a national level and 6 championships on a regional level. There are thirteen male singles championships spread out over various weight classes, three championships for tag teams, three for Trios (three-man teams), two for female competitors and two for Mini-Estrella competitors.
• The Ariel Award for Best Director (nominated by Jaespinoza) is an award presented by the Academia Mexicana de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas in Mexico. It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the Mexican film industry. With the exception of the years 1959 to 1971, when the Ariel Awards were suspended, the award has been given annually. Nominees and winners are determined by a committee formed every year consisting of academy members, previous winners and individuals with at least two Ariel nominations. David Pablos is the latest recipient.
• Essex is a county in the east of England. It has an area of 1,420 sq mi (3,700 km), with a coastline of 400 mi (640 km), and a population of 1,393,600 (according to the 2011 census). As of August 2016, there are 86 Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex (nominated by Dudley Miles). There are 19 sites with a purely geological interest, 64 sites for biological interest and a further three sites are designated for both reasons.

Fourteen featured pictures were promoted.

• 
  Winter Palace
  (created and nominated by Godot13)
• 
  Ceiling of San Stanislao alle Botteghe Oscure
  (created and nominated by Livioandronico2013)
• 
  BMW S1000RR
  (created by Ritchyblack; nominated by FakeShemp)
• 
  European robin, juvenile
  (created and nominated by Charlesjsharp)
• 
  Black-bellied whistling ducks
  (created and nominated by Charlesjsharp)
• 
  Michael Ancher
  (created by unknown author; restored and nominated by Adam Cuerden)
• 
  Denver in 1898
  (created by William Henry Jackson; restored and nominated by Bammesk)
• 
  Lansdowne portrait
  (created by Gilbert Stuart; nominated by Spongie555)
• 
  Chesme Column
  (created and nominated by Godot13)
• 
  Ha-ha
  (created and nominated by Godot13)
• 
  Vision of St. John on Patmos
  (created by Antonio da Correggio; photographed and nominated by Livioandronico2013)
• 
  Tarred-and-feathered farmer
  (created by unknown author; restored and nominated by Opencooper)
• 
  Royal Albert Hall
  (created and nominated by Colin)
• 
  Monument to Nicholas I
  (created and nominated by Godot13)

Reader comments

2016-11-04

Un-presidential politics

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By Milowent and Serendipodous

Your Traffic Reports for the weeks of October 9-15, 15-22, and 23-29, 2016.

October 9–15, 2016

The U.S. presidential election dominated the charts for another week, keyed off of the rather distasteful second presidential debate held on October 9. Is it over yet? NO! Not until November 8.

For the full top-25 lists (and archives back to January 2013), see WP:TOP25. See this section for an explanation of any exclusions. For a list of the most-edited articles every week, see WP:MOSTEDITED.

For the week of October 9–15, the 25 most popular articles on Knowledge (XXG), as determined from the WP:5000 report were:

Rank	Article	Class	Views	Image	Notes
1	Donald Trump		1,951,789		The second U.S. presidential debate occurred on October 9 and it was a rather nasty one by American standards.
2	Billy Bush		1,451,164		It's been an interesting time for the cousin of Jeb and Dubya. First he was blasted for failing to catch Ryan Lochte out on his preschool lying, and then the tape of his 2005 talk with Donald Trump came out.
3	Hillary Clinton		1,009,711		That Billy Bush got more views than Clinton tells you the 2005 Trump videotape was a huge story of interest.
4	Bhumibol Adulyadej		921,863		The King of Thailand died on October 13, after 70 years on the throne. Think about that for a minute. During his reign, David Bowie was born, lived his whole life, and died of old age. His subjects revered him (he is already being called "the Great") but his son, the crown prince Vajiralongkorn (see #12), is generally seen in unflattering terms, though thanks to Thailand's merciless Lèse-majesté laws, which ban public criticism of the Royal Family, such opinions are not expressed openly. Thailand has been in a state of semi-permanent political crisis for more than a decade, and is currently under the control of a military junta. Much now depends on how the Thai people react to the succession, though given the myriad pressures involved, no one can guess what the outcome will be.
5	Bob Dylan		915,438		The famed singer-songwriter won the Nobel Prize for Literature. A rather unusual pick, the first musician in the history of the award, and thus is getting a fair amount of attention.
6	Westworld (TV series)		910,820		To be clear: this is not based on a novel by Michael Crichton: Crichton was a filmmaker as well as a novelist, and Westworld was a film he both wrote and directed back in the 1970s. But whereas that was a straightforward "monsters on the loose" movie, about a Western-themed amusement park staffed by hyperrealistic robots who go insane and start murdering the guests (sound familiar?), this series looks like it will be taking a more thoughtful, hard scifi approach, with the robots' gradual evolution from programming to quasi-consciousness forming the main plot thread. With a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and ratings of just under 2 million (roughly what Game of Thrones received when it began), it's off to a solid start, though whether it will be the show to carry HBO past Game of Thrones's end remains to be seen.
7	MS The World		681,608		Courtesy of Reddit:
8	Seat belt		648,726		As learned in a Reddit thread this week, Volvo invented the seat belt, but gave the patent away because they believed lives were more important than profit. And yet, we still buy other cars.
9	Bill Clinton		638,332		Bill Clinton's and Donald Trump's relationships with women have been the stuff of gossip columns for some time. Not going to say anything more to feed the internet troll machines.
10	Luke Cage		629,293		Down from #1 last week. Marvel's Blaxploitation-themed superhero (a.k.a. Power Man) has been a cult favourite for decades (Nicolas Cage named himself after him), but has never seen mainstream success, until now; as played by Mike Colter, pictured, he stars as the hero of his own eponymous series on Netflix.

Week of October 16–22, 2016

As the U.S presidential election approaches, Donald Trump is again number one in our Halloween edition rankings. His refusal at the last debate to say whether he will accept the election result if he loses raised much concern in the press. In other news, Reddit cracked the 5-topic barrier again. I wonder if this is the new normal or just an artifact from the end of summer?

For the week of October 16–22, 2016, the ten most popular articles on Knowledge (XXG), as determined from the WP:5000 report were:

Rank	Article	Class	Views	Image	Notes
1	Donald Trump		2,140,830		The second U.S. presidential debate was nasty; the final one was scary. Trump's statement that he would "keep us in suspense" regarding whether or not he would accept the election result (an election he has already repeatedly described as "rigged") may have engendered more suspense than he intended (or not. Who knows?).
2	Witch window		831,274		I'd need to check but this could be the highest-charting Reddit thread since we started the project. These diagonal windows, found almost exclusively in 19th-century farmhouses in Vermont, were intended to ward off witches, since they couldn't fly their broomsticks through them. OK, so what about all the other windows? The thread's popularity is likely due to the approach of Halloween, a holiday that usually has little impact on this list.
3	2004 Harvard–Yale prank		739,821		Another Reddit thread, this one concerning a practical joke at the annual Harvard–Yale football game in which Yale supporters handed out cards for the Harvard supporters to flash, and when used together spelled out "WE SUCK". You gotta hand it to whoever came up with that, and even more for pulling it off.
4	Westworld (TV series)		729,784		To be clear: this is not based on a novel by Michael Crichton: Crichton was a filmmaker as well as a novelist, and Westworld was a film he both wrote and directed back in the 1970s. But whereas that was a straightforward "monsters on the loose" movie, about a Western-themed amusement park staffed by hyperrealistic robots who go insane and start murdering the guests (sound familiar?), this series looks like it will be taking a more thoughtful, hard scifi approach, with the robots' gradual evolution from programming to quasi-consciousness forming the main plot thread. With a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and ratings of just under 2 million (roughly what Game of Thrones received when it began), it's off to a solid start, though whether it will be the show to carry HBO past Game of Thrones's end remains to be seen.
5	Logan (film)		669,776		The next film in the X-Men film series will feature the final outings of both Patrick Stewart as Professor X and Hugh Jackman as Logan, a.k.a Wolverine. The surprisingly touching trailer launched this week, and generated a great deal of positive buzz.
6	Hillary Clinton		650,343		Clinton continues to be less interesting to our readers than "what will he do next?" Trump, despite public opinion appearing to agree that she won all three debates.
7	Michel'le		646,377		The R&B singer and former girlfriend of both Dr Dre and Suge Knight, both of whom she claims beat her repeatedly, was the subject of a hit docudrama on Lifetime this week, Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le.
8	Melania Trump		631,945		Spouse of #1.
9	Deaths in 2016		606,553		The views for the annual list of deaths are remarkably consistent on a day to day basis. It is consistently higher in the first half of 2016 with a string of highly notable deaths, but things seem to be calming down a bit. Where the article appears in this chart is entirely dependent on how many subjects in a week happened to exceed this bellwether in views.
10	Dr. Dre		486,086		The billionaire music producer and ex-boyfriend of Michel'le (see above) filed a cease and desist order against the premiere of the docudrama Surviving Compton, claiming that he never beat her, as the program alleges. He also threatened to sue Michel'le for defamation of character.

Week of October 23-29, 2016

In a week where no article could break one million views, a Google Doodle celebrating Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who discovered bacteria, tops the chart. Replacing the dominance of U.S. politics with an article about the human search for knowledge is heartening. Beyond that, Knowledge (XXG) readers filled their brains with The Walking Dead television show, filling up three slots in the Top 10, and six in the Top 25.

For the week of October 23 to 29, 2016, the ten most popular articles on Knowledge (XXG), as determined from the WP:5000 report were:

Rank	Article	Class	Views	Image	Notes
1	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek		970,522		For the first time this year, the top article of the week received under one million views. (The last time was when Donald Trump led with 914K views for December 6-12, 2015.) Yet, the top honors still go to the Dutch scientist, whose birthday was celebrated by a Google Doodle on October 24 which celebrated his discovery of "little animals", or animalcules, now known as bacteria.
2	The Walking Dead (TV series)		967,104		Season 7 (#8) of the popular television show, a mainstay of this chart when it is airing, debuted on October 23.
3	Donald Trump		898,740		No matter what you do, Donald Trump is always near the top of your Internet. Pageviews show his views were steady this week, in the general range of 110-150K per day, except for Saturday Oct 29 when it received only 81,915 views.
4	Pete Burns		771,654		The leader of the band Dead or Alive, best known for the 1985 hit You Spin Me Round (Like a Record), died on October 23 at age 57 of cardiac arrest. You Spin Me Round was a fairly eccentric song to became a hit in the United States. In later years, Burns received attention in British media when he appeared on Celebrity Big Brother 4 in 2006.
5	Chicago Cubs		764,703		The American baseball team has not won a World Series since 1908, but made it to the 2016 World Series, playing against the Cleveland Indians.
6	Negan		742,226		The Walking Dead character first appeared in the last season's finale.
7	Halloween		728,419		Views were up in anticipation of the October 31 holiday.
8	The Walking Dead (season 7)		719,418		See #2.
9	List of Black Mirror episodes		711,183		Series 3 of the British show Black Mirror (#14) created by Charlie Brooker (pictured) debuted on October 21.
10	Doctor Strange (film)		684,854		The Marvel superhero film based on the character of Doctor Strange had its Hollywood premiere on October 20, and in the UK and some other markets on October 25. It will debut in the United States on November 4. Benedict Cumberbatch stars in the title role.

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2016-11-04

Recapping October's activities

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By GamerPro64

This edition of the Arbitration Report covers the month of October 2016.

Michael Hardy case

On 1 October, the Michael Hardy case closed. ArbCom issued remedies, reminders were given to Michael Hardy and MjolnirPants, and ArbCom reminded itself to exercise care about scope creep when taking up future cases.

The Rambling Man case

The Rambling Man case closed on 13 October. The Rambling Man resigned his administrator role and is "prohibited from insulting and/or belittling other editors." Other remedies include The Rambling Man and George Ho having an interaction ban and George Ho being restricted from selecting main page content. ArbCom also encouraged the Knowledge (XXG) community "to review the selection process for the Did you know and In the news sections of the main page."

Administrator desysoped and banned

On 5 October, a CheckUser on Ricky81682, a ten-year administrator with more than 100,000 Knowledge (XXG) edits, revealed that they had used multiple accounts from 13 July to 7 August 2016. Activities included articles for deletion; the user did not account for the sock puppetry. The Committee removed Ricky's administration rights and banned them indefinitely. In the event the ban is lifted, the user will be eligible for a new request for adminship.

In brief

• Changes in CheckUser and Oversight teams: Throughout the month of October, a change of positions in CheckUser and Oversight occurred. Coren had CheckUser permissions removed due to inactivity. Euryalus, FloNight, and Roger Davies also resigned from their teams. In their place, ArbCom appointed KrakatoaKatie as a CheckUser and Oversighter and MusikAnimal as a CheckUser. Ks0stm returned to Oversight duty after being inactive and Beeblebrox returned to the Oversight and CheckUser teams after resigning in May 2015.

• Arbitration motion regarding GamerGate: Due to the inactivity of admin Zad68, the discretionary sanction on the Talk:Gamergate controversy was lifted. The Gamergate article itself remains under the controversial 30/500 protection policy.

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2016-11-04

Why women edit less, and where they are overrepresented; article importance and quality; predicting elections from Knowledge (XXG)

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By Giuseppe Profiti, Tilman Bayer, Morten Warncke-Wang, Jonathan Morgan, and Zareen Farooqui

A monthly overview of recent academic research about Knowledge (XXG) and other Wikimedia projects, also published as the Wikimedia Research Newsletter.

"Gender gap on Knowledge (XXG): visible in all categories?"

Reviewed by Giuseppe Profiti

Asteroids are among the categories with the most overrepresentation of male editors, and figure skating among those with most female overrepresentation

This bachelor thesis looks for gender imbalance among editors for specific categories in the English Knowledge (XXG). The analysis is based on the edits of users who publicly disclosed their gender (about 176 thousand) to more than 3.7 million articles in 470 categories (derived from DBpedia's ontology, rather than Knowledge (XXG)'s inbuilt category system). The thesis first establishes the distribution of editors by gender (roughly 85% males and 15% females). The number of edits by each group is statistically compared to that baseline distribution. For each category, if it varies from the baseline, it is considered to represent a gender gap, i.e. that editors from that gender are overrepresented in that category.

The results show that despite the huge imbalance in the two groups, pages in some categories receive more edits from users belonging to one gender, while other categories are dominated by the other one. As the "Top five categories where male editors are most overrepresented", the author lists "YearInSpaceflight", "Asteroid", "BaseballSeason", "MotorsportSeason", and "FormulaOneTeam". He observes sports as recurring theme "throughout all significant 'male categories'. Besides sports other recurring subjects are transport and politics." On the other hand, "the categories with a female overrepresentation show somewhat less obvious recurring themes. Many of these categories are more or less culture related however." The five categories with the most female overrepresentation are "FigureSkater", "Skater", "Garden", "GaelicGamesPlayer", and "Mollusca".

While highlighting some information on such unbalanced distribution, the underlying hypothesis could be further explored by using the quantity of text changed in each edit and other patterns mentioned by the author.

(See related Signpost coverage from 2011: "New tool analyzes article contributors' gender and location")

Quality and importance in different language editions

Reviewed by Morten Warncke-Wang

While much is known about the quality of Knowledge (XXG) articles, less is known about how the different language editions assess article importance. The English Knowledge (XXG)'s article about waffles is for instance labelled "top-importance" by WikiProject Breakfast, the highest category possible, but at the same time labelled "high importance" by WikiProject Food and Drink (you can find both of these labels on waffle’s talk page). A paper at the International Conference on Information and Software Technologies studies titled "Quality and Importance of Knowledge (XXG) Articles in Different Languages" studies the connection between importance and quality. The paper's three research questions look at whether importance affects quality, what parameters are useful for applying machine learning to automatically assess importance, and if there are differences between how language editions model importance.

The English edition offers the most data on article importance, and the paper therefore uses a dataset of English articles to test if importance affects quality. Using a random forest classifier and a model with 85 parameters, a modest increase in classifier performance is found when importance is added as a parameter, indicating that importance affects quality. The same dataset and model is then trained to predict article importance, finding that about two-thirds of top- and low-importance articles can be correctly identified. Lastly the paper compares the importance of model features between different language editions, finding many differences, although these are not described in more detail.

Research on aspects of article quality across different language editions is an area that has not received a lot of attention, making this paper a welcome addition to the literature. It is also great to see article importance being studied. At the same time, this paper could have made a much stronger contribution through comparisons against a sensible baseline (this reviewer notes that the paper cites an in-press paper by the same authors, although that paper's results do not appear to be available in English) because the classifier performance appears to be similar to for instance ORES although ORES uses a model with a lot fewer parameters. A deeper investigation into article importance would also be worthwhile, for example because importance differs between topic areas, as exemplified by the article on waffle described earlier.

Why women edit less: a controlled experiment

Reviewed by Jonathan Morgan

Researchers have attempted to quantify Knowledge (XXG)'s gender gap and its impact on content type and quality, and to understand the reasons for the gender gap. A new journal article attempts to experimentally evaluate several hypotheses for why women tend to edit Knowledge (XXG) less than men do.

The researchers asked 192 male and female college students to contribute a draft essay about school bullying. The version of the draft that participants were asked to work on had already been edited by four other users (secretly, the researchers themselves), identified by pseudonyms. Two of the pseudonyms were obviously gendered ("Ms Trouble", "Mr Football"), and two were gender neutral ("Cheerios4Life", "AnonymousOne"). Since most people are not familiar with the mechanics of wiki editing, the researchers used a Microsoft Word document with "track changes" enabled as a platform for the editing task, to simulate the versioning and commenting capabilities of MediaWiki pages. The researchers also surveyed the students to gather relevant demographic and psychometric data, and compared their survey responses with their editing behaviors.

Findings from this study include that while women edited more than men overall (contributed more words to the draft), they were less likely to edit under the conditions designed to approximate the social environment of Knowledge (XXG). Specifically, women edited less where there were few or no female-identified collaborators present, and where feedback from the pseudonymous collaborators was neutral (vs. constructive). Interestingly, female participants also tended to assume that one of the non-gendered pseudonyms ("AnonymousOne") was male, and also evaluate feedback from that editor as more critical than male participants who received the same feedback. Based on these findings, the researchers suggest that increasing the visibility of female editors and encouraging constructive feedback may encourage more women to edit Knowledge (XXG).

"Knowledge (XXG) traffic data and electoral prediction: towards theoretically informed models"

Reviewed by Zareen Farooqui

This research aims to explore the relationship between Knowledge (XXG) page view statistics and electoral results during the 2009 and 2014 European Parliament elections in regards to overall voter turnout and individual party results. The article suggests two reasons why voters might seek information: to research new parties which are beyond the voter's familiarity, and to research alternative party options if a voter is unhappy with the party they previously supported (thus becoming swing voters).

The first dataset used in this research is Knowledge (XXG) page views data on the general election page in 14 different languages (those which are the primary languages of the voting countries). The second dataset includes political parties which had at least 5% vote share in the 2009 and/or 2014 elections in the UK, France, Germany, Spain and Italy. The researchers gathered additional data points such as number of views to the political party's Knowledge (XXG) page the week before the election, the final percentage of vote share each party received, whether a party was new, whether a party was incumbent, and the number of times each party was mentioned in print media during the week before the election.

Comparing the relative change in page views to the EU Parliament elections article and total voter turnout in the 2009 and 2014 elections indicates that interest in election events is proportional to levels of readership on Knowledge (XXG). This research suggests that often the party garnering the most page views does not win the election, rather, it may be a smaller party which interested swing voters. Figure 1(a) shows a high correlation between print media mentions and overall voter share for parties. Figure 1(b) shows Knowledge (XXG) page views may predict a new party's success, while news outlet mentions are better at predicting an established party's success.

The research tests the theory that an increase in Knowledge (XXG) page views may suggest an increase to votes for a party using three linear ordinary least squares regression models. The first model is a baseline of past voting results. The second model is also a baseline model which includes past voting results, along with all other non-Knowledge (XXG) related data collected. These baseline models serve as a comparison to the third model, which includes all the previously modeled data, along with two Knowledge (XXG)-related parameters. The models show that Knowledge (XXG) can be considered a predictor of voter outcome, but it only marginally improves upon the baseline models. Knowledge (XXG)'s predictive power lies in predicting the amount a party's vote share may increase or decrease from the previous election cycle.

As noted by the researchers, one limitation of this article is that the data is at an aggregated level, while all theories are at the micro level. Also, it is unclear what number of Knowledge (XXG) page views reflect voters versus other groups, such as journalists or those those affiliated with the parties.

(See also our 2014 coverage of some related blog posts by the same authors: "Knowledge (XXG) use driven by news media or replacing news media?")

Briefly

Conferences and events

See the research events page on Meta-wiki for upcoming conferences and events, including submission deadlines.

Other recent publications

Other recent publications that could not be covered in time for this issue include the items listed below. contributions are always welcome for reviewing or summarizing newly published research.

• "Disinformation on the Web: impact, characteristics, and detection of Knowledge (XXG) hoaxes" From the abstract: "We find that, while most hoaxes are detected quickly and have little impact on Knowledge (XXG), a small number of hoaxes survive long and are well cited across the Web. Second, we characterize the nature of successful hoaxes by comparing them to legitimate articles and to failed hoaxes that were discovered shortly after being created. We find characteristic differences in terms of article structure and content, embeddedness into the rest of Knowledge (XXG), and features of the editor who created the hoax. Third, we successfully apply our findings to address a series of classification tasks, most notably to determine whether a given article is a hoax. And finally, we describe and evaluate a task involving humans distinguishing hoaxes from non-hoaxes. We find that humans are not good at solving this task and that our automated classifier outperforms them by a big margin."
• "Where are the women in Knowledge (XXG)? Understanding the different psychological experiences of men and women in Knowledge (XXG)" From the abstract: "We analyzed data from a sample of 1,598 individuals in the United States who completed the English version of an international survey of Knowledge (XXG) users and readers conducted in 2008 and who reported being occasional contributors. ... Women reported less confidence in their expertise, expressed greater discomfort with editing (which typically involves conflict) and reported more negative responses to critical feedback compared to men. Mediation analyses revealed that confidence in expertise and discomfort with editing partially mediated the gender difference in number of articles edited, the standard measure for contribution to Knowledge (XXG)." (See also our 2012 coverage of a related paper by the same authors: "Gender gap connected to conflict aversion and lower confidence among women")
• "Knowledge (XXG) and stock return: Knowledge (XXG) usage pattern helps to predict the individual stock movement" From the abstract: "We provide evidence that data on how often a company’s Knowledge (XXG) page is being viewed is linked to its subsequent performance in the stock market. We then develop a portfolio in line with the Knowledge (XXG) usages and demonstrate that our investment strategy based on Knowledge (XXG) views is profitable both financially and statistically."
• "Editing diversity in: reading diversity discourses on Knowledge (XXG)" From the abstract: "... the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has devoted a fair amount of time and resources to tackling ‘gender gap.’ While we acknowledge the good intentions of the WMF and volunteer efforts to improve conditions for women editors on Knowledge (XXG), we argue that borrowing from corporatized diversity initiatives more effectively supports organizational growth rather than addresses the underlying reasons behind women’s low representation and participation."
• "Circadian patterns on Knowledge (XXG) edits" From the abstract: "We ... show in this work that Knowledge (XXG) editing presents well defined periodic patterns with respect to daily, weekly and monthly activity. In addition, we also show the periodic nature of the number of inter-event in time."
  From the rest of the paper: "Our data sample is a database of WP edits, of pages written in English in the period of about 10 years ending in January 2010 ... In general, editors have the main power peak at ∼ 1.157 × 10 Hz corresponding to a period of 24 h and a second peak at ∼ 2.315 × 10 Hz, matching a 12 h period, a harmonic from the main frequency. ... The highest activity peak can switch between mornings and evenings, depending on the day. In the process of WP editing, the change of activity patterns on week-ends is clear. ... Along the year the intensity of activity seems conditioned by holidays."
  See also our 2011 coverage of a related paper: "Wikipedians' weekends in international comparison"
• "Computational fact checking from knowledge networks" From the abstract: "we show that the complexities of human fact checking can be approximated quite well by finding the shortest path between concept nodes under properly defined semantic proximity metrics on knowledge graphs. Framed as a network problem this approach is feasible with efficient computational techniques. We evaluate this approach by examining tens of thousands of claims related to history, entertainment, geography, and biographical information using a public knowledge graph extracted from Knowledge (XXG). Statements independently known to be true consistently receive higher support via our method than do false ones."
• "Challenges of mathematical information retrieval in the NTCIR-11 Math Knowledge (XXG) Task" From the abstract: "... the optional Knowledge (XXG) Task provides a test collection for retrieval of individual mathematical formula from Knowledge (XXG) based on search topics that contain exactly one formula pattern. We developed a framework for automatic query generation and immediate evaluation."
• "Quantifying the relationship between hit count estimates and Knowledge (XXG) article traffic" From the abstract: "This paper analyzes the relationship between search engine hit counts and Knowledge (XXG) article views by evaluating the cross correlation between them. We observe the hit count estimates of three popular search engines over a month and compare them with the Knowledge (XXG) page views. The strongest cross correlations are recorded with their delays in days."
• "LeadWise: using online bots to recruite and guide expert volunteers" From the abstract: "we propose LeadWise, a system that uses social media bots to recruit and guide contributions from experts to assist non-profits in reaching their goals. ... We focus in particular on experts who can help Knowledge (XXG) in its objective of reducing the gender gap by covering more women in its articles. Results from our first pilot show that LeadWise was able to obtain a noteworthy number of expert participants in a two week period with limited requests to targeted specialists."
  From the rest of the article: "We created 'CauseBots' which are bots that present themselves as a social cause (hiding that the accounts are an automated agent). We also created 'AgentBots' which are bots that present themselves as bots supporting a social cause. ... the first thing all of LeadWise’s bots do is build a 'supportive audience' with experts. ... Once a supportive audience with over fifteen members, the bots follow the same behavioural rules to request and guide participation: They publicly ask for the names of women who should be added to Knowledge (XXG). ... We primarily focused on Spanish speaking experts in gender equality. ... We considered that experts were individuals who tweeted heavily about gender equality. Both bots looked for users mentioning related Spanish keywords, such as 'equidad de genero,' and who had already published a large number of related tweets (over 50). ... In total, 22 new women were added to the list of Knowledge (XXG) articles to cover." TB

References

1. Schrijver, Paul (2016-05-25). Gender gap on Knowledge (XXG): visible in all categories? (Thesis). University of Amsterdam. (bachelor thesis)
2. Lewoniewski, Włodzimierz; Węcel, Krzysztof; Abramowicz, Witold (2016-10-13). "Quality and Importance of Knowledge (XXG) Articles in Different Languages". In Giedre Dregvaite; Robertas Damasevicius (eds.). Information and Software Technologies. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 639. Springer International Publishing. pp. 613–624. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46254-7_50. ISBN 9783319462547.
3. Shane-Simpson, Christina; Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen (2016-10-06). "Examining potential mechanisms underlying the Knowledge (XXG) gender gap through a collaborative editing task". Computers in Human Behavior. 66 (January 2017): 312–328. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.043.
4. Yasseri, Taha; Bright, Jonathan (2016-06-18). "Knowledge (XXG) traffic data and electoral prediction: towards theoretically informed models". EPJ Data Science. 5 (1). doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0083-3. S2CID 256241960.
5. Kumar, Srijan; West, Robert; Leskovec, Jure (2016). "Disinformation on the Web: impact, characteristics, and detection of Knowledge (XXG) hoaxes" (PDF). Proceedings of the 25th International World Wide Web Conference. WWW 2016. doi:10.1145/2872427.2883085. ISBN 978-1-4503-4143-1.
6. Bear, Julia B.; Collier, Benjamin (2016-01-04). "Where are the women in Knowledge (XXG)? Understanding the different psychological experiences of men and women in Knowledge (XXG)". Sex Roles. 74 (5–6): 254–265. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y. S2CID 255003641. Author's copy (free account required)
7. Wei, Pengyu; Wang, Ning (2016). "Knowledge (XXG) and stock return: Knowledge (XXG) usage pattern helps to predict the individual stock movement" (PDF). Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web. WWW '16 Companion. Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee. pp. 591–594. ISBN 9781450341448.
8. MacAulay, Maggie; Visser, Rebecca (2016-05-01). "Editing diversity in: reading diversity discourses on Knowledge (XXG)". Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology.
9. Gandica, Y.; Lambiotte, R.; Carletti, T.; Aidos, F. Sampaio dos; Carvalho, J. (2016-03-06). "Circadian Patterns on Knowledge (XXG) Edits". In Hocine Cherifi; Bruno Gonçalves; Ronaldo Menezes; Roberta Sinatra (eds.). Complex Networks VII. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Vol. 644. Springer International Publishing. pp. 293–300. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30569-1_22. ISBN 9783319305684.
10. Ciampaglia, Giovanni Luca; Shiralkar, Prashant; Rocha, Luis M.; Bollen, Johan; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro (2015-06-17). "Computational fact checking from knowledge networks". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0128193. arXiv:1501.03471. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1028193C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128193. PMC 4471100. PMID 26083336.
11. Schubotz, Moritz; Youssef, Abdou; Markl, Volker; Cohl, Howard S. (2015). "Challenges of mathematical information retrieval in the NTCIR-11 Math Knowledge (XXG) Task". Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. SIGIR '15. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 951–954. doi:10.1145/2766462.2767787. ISBN 978-1-4503-3621-5.
12. Tian, Tina; Agrawal, Ankur (2015). "Quantifying the relationship between hit count estimates and Knowledge (XXG) article traffic". International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 6 (5). doi:10.14569/IJACSA.2015.060504.
13. Flores-Saviaga, Claudia; Savage, Saiph; Taraborelli, Dario (2016). "LeadWise: using online bots to recruite and guide expert volunteers". Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion. CSCW '16 Companion. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 257–260. doi:10.1145/2818052.2869106. ISBN 978-1-4503-3950-6. Author's copy

Supplementary references:

1. Lewoniewski, Włodzimierz; Węcel, Krzysztof; Abramowicz, Witold (2015). Analiza porównawcza modeli jakości informacji w narodowych wersjach Wikipedii.

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