Knowledge (XXG)

List of Psittaciformes by population

Source πŸ“

The population of birds
Lists

Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites)
Anseriformes (waterfowl)
Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)
Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and relatives)
Charadriiformes (gulls and relatives)
Ciconiiformes (storks and relatives)
Columbiformes (doves and pigeons)
Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)
Cuculiformes (cuckoos and relatives)
Falconiformes (falcons and relatives)
Galliformes (gamebirds)
Gaviiformes (loons or divers)
Gruiformes (cranes and relatives)
Passeriformes (perching birds)
Pelecaniformes (pelicans and relatives)
Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)
Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
Podicipediformes (grebes)
Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels)
Psittaciformes (parrots)
Sphenisciformes (penguins)
Strigiformes (owls)
Struthioniformes (ratites)
Tinamiformes (tinamous)
Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)

This is a list of Psittaciformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Knowledge (XXG)'s articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Psittaciformes have had their numbers quantified. All numbers, unless explicitly stated otherwise in the notes, regard individuals in the wild only.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus 50 CR Unknown Maximum estimate. Updated from "Extinct" in 2000 due to persistent unverified reports of its existence.
New Caledonian lorikeet Charmosyna diadema 50 CR Unknown Maximum estimate.
Red-throated lorikeet Charmosyna amabilis 50 CR Decrease Maximum estimate.
Spix's macaw Cyanopsitta spixii 160 EW Extinct in the Wild All in Captivity.
Night parrot Pezoporus occidentalis 50 – 250 EN Decrease Numbers could be underestimated.
Grey-breasted parakeet Pyrrhura griseipectus 50 – 249 CR Decrease
Blue-fronted lorikeet Charmosyna toxopei 70 – 400 CR Decrease
Blue-winged racket-tail Prioniturus verticalis 75 – 375 CR Decrease "Probably."
Blue-throated macaw Ara glaucogularis 350 – 400 CR Steady Estimate does not include captive individuals.
Kākāpō Strigops habroptilus 248
CR Increase
Fuertes's parrot Hapalopsittaca fuertesi 160 CR Decrease
Norfolk parakeet Cyanoramphus cookii 240 CR Decrease Minimum estimate.
Imperial amazon Amazona imperialis 50 CR Decrease Estimate does not include captive individuals.
Socorro parakeet Aratinga brevipes 300 EN Decrease
Puerto Rican amazon Amazona vittata 330 – 350 CR Steady 280 captive, 50-70 wild.
Saint Lucia amazon Amazona versicolor 350 – 500 VU Increase
Brown-backed parrotlet Touit melanonotus 350 – 1500 EN Decrease
Yellow-faced parrotlet Forpus xanthops 350 – 1500 VU Steady
Malherbe's parakeet Cyanoramphus malherbi cuatrocientos cincuenta CR Increase
Red-vented cockatoo Cacatua haematuropygia 550- 1200 CR Decrease
RΓ©union parakeet Psittacula eques 580 EN Increase
Stephen's lorikeet Vini stepheni 720 – 1820 VU Steady
Saint Vincent amazon Amazona guildingii 734 VU Increase
Golden parakeet Guaruba guarouba 1000 – 2499 VU Decrease
Red-browed amazon Amazona rhodocorytha 1000 – 2499 EN Decrease
Spot-winged parrotlet Touit stictopterus 1000 – 2499 VU Decrease
Ultramarine lorikeet Vini ultramarina 1000 – 2499 EN Decrease
Vinaceous-breasted amazon Amazona vinacea 1000 – 2499 EN Decrease Preliminary estimate.
Red-fronted macaw Ara rubrogenys 1000 – 4000 EN Decrease
Yellow-eared parrot Ognorhynchus icterotis 1103 EN Increase
Lear's macaw Anodorhynchus leari 1123 EN Unknown
Red-necked amazon Amazona arausiaca 1200 – 1500 VU Increase
Palm lorikeet Charmosyna palmarum 1500 – 4000 VU Decrease
Sun parakeet Aratinga solstitialis 1500 – 4000 EN Decrease Possibly overestimated.
Swift parrot Lathamus discolor 1500 – 4000 CR Decrease
New Zealand kaka Nestor meridionalis 1500 – 7000 EN Decrease
Kuhl's lorikeet Vini kuhlii 2000 EN Decrease Minimum estimate.
Antipodes parakeet Cyanoramphus unicolor Dos MiL – 3000 VU Steady
Rufous-fronted parakeet Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons 2000 – 4000 EN Decrease
Blue lorikeet Vini peruviana 2500 – 9999 VU Decrease
Blue-headed racket-tail Prioniturus platenae 2500 – 9999 VU Decrease
Blue-naped parrot Tanygnathus lucionensis 2500 – 9999 NT Decrease
Blue-winged macaw Primolius maracana 2500 – 9999 NT Decrease
Golden-plumed parakeet Leptosittaca branickii 2500 – 9999 VU Decrease
Mindanao lorikeet Trichoglossus johnstoniae 2500 – 9999 NT Decrease
Hispaniolan parakeet Aratinga chloroptera 2500 – 9999 VU Decrease
Montane racket-tail Prioniturus montanus 2500 – 9999 NT Decrease
White-breasted parakeet Pyrrhura albipectus 2500 – 9999 VU Decrease
Yellow-crested cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea 2500 – 9999 CR Decrease
Yellow-shouldered amazon Amazona barbadensis 2500 – 9999 VU Decrease
Thick-billed parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha 3000 – 6000 EN Decrease Population may be overestimated.
Ouvea parakeet Eunymphicus uvaeensis 3100 – 3200 EN Increase
Maroon-fronted parrot Rhynchopsitta terrisi 3500 EN Decrease
Black-cheeked lovebird Agapornis nigrigenis 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Black-winged lory Eos cyanogenia 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Black-lored parrot Tanygnathus gramineus 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
El Oro parakeet Pyrrhura orcesi 3500 – 15 000 EN Decrease
Golden-tailed parrotlet Touit surdus 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Green racket-tail Prioniturus luconensis 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Ochre-marked parakeet Pyrrhura cruentata 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Red-faced parrot Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Red-fronted parrotlet Touit costaricensis 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Rusty-faced parrot Hapalopsittaca amazonina 3500 – 15 000 VU Decrease
Wallace's hanging parrot Loriculus flosculus 3500 – 15 000 EN Decrease
White-naped lory Lorius albidinucha 3500 – 15 000 NT Decrease
Great green macaw Ara ambiguus 3700 EN Decrease Maximum estimate.
Golden-shouldered parrot Psephotus chrysopterygius 3750 EN Decrease
Red-tailed amazon Amazona brasiliensis 4000 – 5500 VU Increase
Mindanao racket-tail Prioniturus waterstradti 5000 NT Decrease Estimate dates from 1993.
Kea Nestor notabilis 5000 VU Decrease Preliminary estimate.
Flame-winged parakeet Pyrrhura calliptera 5000 – 10 000 VU Decrease
Santa Marta parakeet Pyrrhura viridicata 5000 – 10 000 EN Decrease
Crimson shining parrot Prosopeia splendens 6000 VU Decrease
Hyacinth macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus 6500 EN Decrease
Yellow-headed amazon Amazona oratrix 7000 EN Decrease Estimate dates from 1994.
Saffron-headed parrot Pyrilia pyrilia 7000 NT Decrease Minimum estimate.
Lilac-crowned amazon Amazona finschi 7000 – 10 000 VU Decrease
Princess parrot Polytelis alexandrae 7500 NT Steady Preliminary estimate.
Horned parakeet Eunymphicus cornutus 8000 – 9000 VU Increase
New Caledonian parakeet Cyanoramphus saisseti 8000 – 10 000 VU Decrease
Red-and-blue lory Eos histrio 8200 – 21 400 EN Decrease
Cuban parakeet Aratinga euops 10 000 VU Decrease
Jonquil parrot Aprosmictus jonquillaceus 10 000 NT Decrease
Manu parrotlet Nannopsittaca dachilleae 10 000 NT Decrease Preliminary estimate.
Pearly parakeet Pyrrhura lepida 10 000 VU Decrease
Red-masked parakeet Aratinga erythrogenys 10 000 NT Decrease
Bald parrot Pyrilia aurantiocephala 10 000 NT Decrease Preliminary minimum estimate.
Golden-capped parakeet Aratinga auricapillus 10 000 NT Decrease Preliminary minimum estimate.
Salvadori's fig parrot Psittaculirostris salvadorii 10 000 VU Decrease Preliminary minimum estimate.
Long-billed black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus baudinii 10 000 – 15 000 EN Decrease
Black-billed amazon Amazona agilis 10 000 – 19 999 VU Decrease
Hispaniolan amazon Amazona ventralis 10 000 – 19 999 VU Decrease Preliminary estimate.
Lilian's lovebird Agapornis lilianae 10 000 – 19 999 NT Decrease
Military macaw Ara militaris 10 000 – 19 999 VU Decrease
Nicobar parakeet Psittacula caniceps 10 000 – 19 999 NT Decrease
TucumΓ‘n amazon Amazona tucumana 10 000 – 19 999 VU Decrease
Yellow-billed amazon Amazona collaria 10 000 – 19 999 VU Decrease
Sangihe hanging parrot Loriculus catamene 10 000 – 46 000 NT Decrease
Blue-headed macaw Primolius couloni 10 000 – 70 000 VU Decrease Estimate is considered conservative.
Salmon-crested cockatoo Cacatua moluccensis 10 000 – 99 999 VU Decrease
Blue-eyed cockatoo Cacatua ophthalmica 15 000 VU Decrease Minimum estimate.
Bismarck hanging parrot Loriculus tener 15 000 – 30 000 NT Decrease
Red-spectacled amazon Amazona pretrei 16 300 VU Decrease Estimate dates from 1997.
Glossy black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami 17 140 LC Decrease Divided into three subspecies: C. L. lathami (1200), C. l. halmaturinus (140), & C. l. erebus (5000).
Hooded parrot Psephotus dissimilis 20 000 LC Steady
Turquoise parrot Neophema pulchella 20 000 LC Steady
Brown-hooded parrot Pyrilia haematotis 20 000 – 49 999 LC Steady
Mexican parrotlet Forpus cyanopygius 20 000 – 49 999 LC Steady
Pfrimer's parakeet Pyrrhura pfrimeri 20 000 – 49 999 EN Decrease
Scarlet macaw Ara macao 20 000 – 49 999 LC Decrease
Yellow-naped amazon Amazona auropalliata 20 000 – 49 999 VU Decrease
Yucatan amazon Amazona xantholora 20 000 – 49 999 LC Steady
Red-crowned parakeet Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae 21 300 – 25 300 VU Decrease Estimate is considered dated.
Regent parrot Polytelis anthopeplus 21 500 LC Decrease Divided into two subspecies: P. a. anthopeplusis (20 000) & P. a. monarchoides (1500).
Short-billed black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris 40 000 EN Decrease
White cockatoo Cacatua alba 43 000 – 183 000 VU Decrease Estimate dates from 1993.
Yellow-breasted racket-tail Prioniturus flavicans 45 000 NT Decrease
Brown lory Chalcopsitta duivenbodei 50 000 LC Steady Minimum estimate dating from 1992.
Barred parakeet Bolborhynchus lineola 50 000 – 499 999 LC Steady
Masked shining parrot Prosopeia personata 88 000 NT Decrease
White-crowned parrot Pionus senilis 50 000 – 499 999 LC Decrease
Red-tailed black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii 100 000 LC Decrease Minimum estimate.
Blue-streaked lory Eos reticulata 100 000 – 499 999 NT Decrease
Long-billed corella Cacatua tenuirostris 100 000 – 499 999 LC Increase
Tanimbar corella Cacatua goffiniana 100 000 – 499 999 NT Decrease
Fischer's lovebird Agapornis fischeri 290 205 – 1 002 210 NT Decrease
Mealy amazon Amazona farinosa 500 000 – 4 999 999 LC Decrease
Orange-chinned parakeet Brotogeris jugularis 500 000 – 4 999 999 LC Steady
Orange-fronted parakeet Aratinga canicularis 500 000 – 4 999 999 LC Steady
Olive-throated parakeet Aratinga nana 500 000 – 4 999 999 LC Decrease
Red-lored amazon Amazona autumnalis 500 000 – 4 999 999 LC Decrease
White-fronted amazon Amazona albifrons 500 000 – 4 999 999 LC Increase
Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus β‰ˆ 1 000 000 LC Steady
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus β‰ˆ 5 000 000 LC Increase

See also

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Anodorhynchus glaucus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22685527A154380861. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22685527A154380861.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Charmosyna diadema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22684689A156512185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22684689A156512185.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  3. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Charmosyna amabilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22684693A129622366. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22684693A129622366.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  4. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Cyanopsitta spixii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22685533A153022606. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22685533A153022606.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  5. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Pezoporus occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22685237A155460294. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22685237A155460294.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  6. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Pyrrhura griseipectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22733968A132181930. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22733968A132181930.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  7. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Charmosyna toxopei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22684671A117323495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22684671A117323495.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  8. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Prioniturus verticalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22684986A125471501. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22684986A125471501.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite iucn}}: |volume= / |doi= mismatch, |date= / |doi= mismatch (help)
  9. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Ara glaucogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22685542A130868462. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685542A130868462.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  10. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Strigops habroptila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22685245A129751169. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685245A129751169.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Hapalopsittaca fuertesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22686163A129991405. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686163A129991405.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  12. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Cyanoramphus cookii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-17.{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Amazona imperialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22686411A154800996. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22686411A154800996.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  14. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Aratinga brevipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-17.{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
  15. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Amazona vittata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22686239A179276011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22686239A179276011.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  40. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Vini peruviana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22684641A95212213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684641A95212213.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  41. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Prioniturus platenae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22684964A93052745. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684964A93052745.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  42. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Tanygnathus lucionensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22685009A132056469. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685009A132056469.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  47. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Prioniturus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-17.{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
  48. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Pyrrhura albipectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685860A93089958. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685860A93089958.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  51. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22685766A110475642. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22685766A110475642.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  53. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Rhynchopsitta terrisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22685772A179400190. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22685772A179400190.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  54. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Agapornis nigrigenis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685360A93069915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685360A93069915.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  56. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Tanygnathus gramineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22685016A110430818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22685016A110430818.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  78. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Polytelis alexandrae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685081A93058291. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685081A93058291.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  83. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Aprosmictus jonquillaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685063A93057213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685063A93057213.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  84. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Nannopsittaca dachilleae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22686000A180519561. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22686000A180519561.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  87. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Pyrilia aurantiocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729967A95023484. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729967A95023484.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  91. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Amazona agilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22686231A180748265. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22686231A180748265.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  96. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazona tucumana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686246A93104452. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686246A93104452.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  97. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazona collaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686209A93102664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686209A93102664.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  98. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Loriculus catamene". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685399A93071371. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685399A93071371.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  99. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Primolius couloni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22685593A132058374. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685593A132058374.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  100. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Cacatua moluccensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22684784A93046425. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684784A93046425.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  101. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Cacatua ophthalmica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22728429A132032417. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728429A132032417.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  103. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazona pretrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686251A93104759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686251A93104759.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  106. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Neophema pulchella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685209A93063700. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685209A93063700.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  111. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Amazona auropalliata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22686342A118961453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22686342A118961453.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  112. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazona xantholora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686226A93103597. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686226A93103597.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  113. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22727981A132031270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22727981A132031270.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  127. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazona farinosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T45430572A95154014. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T45430572A95154014.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  131. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Amazona autumnalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22728292A132031668. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728292A132031668.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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  133. World Parrot Trust (2012). "Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)". Parrot Encyclopedia. World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 2012-12-20.
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  135. World Parrot Trust (2012). "Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)". Parrot Encyclopedia. World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 2012-12-20.
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